• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.175-181
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• 2009

Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS) enables road users to enhance efficiency of their trips in a variety of traffic conditions. As a significant part of ITS, information communication technology among vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure has been being developed to upgrade current traffic data collection technology through location-based traffic surveillance systems. A wider and detailed range of traffic data can be acquired with ease by the technology. However, its performance level falls with environmental impediments such as large vehicles, buildings, harsh weather, which often bring about wireless communication failure. For imputation of vehicle trajectory data discontinued by the failure, several potential existing methods were reviewed and a new method to complement them was devised. AIMSUN API(Application Programming Interface) software was utilized to simulate vehicle trajectories data and missing vehicle trajectories data was randomly generated for the verification of the method. The method was proven to yield more accurate and reliable traffic data than the existing ones.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.234-244
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• 2018

The roadkill that animals die after bumping by vehicles on the roads is acting as a factor to decrease the size of various animal populations. It has also been known to be the biggest artificial causations of Vertebrata deaths not only in urban areas but also protected areas such as national parks. Nevertheless, in the national park areas which are major protected national areas for conservation of national biodiversity and ecological diversity, snake roadkills occur frequently. Up to date, related studies are rare. Therefore, in this study, we described snake roadkill patterns on the roads in six national parks between 2006 and 2015. We identified total 736 snake roadkills compromising 10 different species. Five species, Rhabdophis lateralis, Elaphe dione, Gloydius ussuriensis, Lycodon rufozonatus, Gloydius brevicaudus occupied more than 91.7% of total roadkill cases. Active forager snakes were killed by roadkills more than ambush foragers, and the snake roadkill frequency was the highest in September, a migration period and in August when the young individuals dispersed at between 100 and 799 m altitude areas. Roads where roadkills were frequent lie between forest and hydrosphere or between forest and crop field road sides. Our results could be used to identify the trend of snake roadkills on the roads in national parks, and to establish effective roadkill mitigation measures and policies.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial-temporal proliferation of individual factories in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and to provide policy implications. The location of the factory is divided into individual locations and planned locations. In the case of individual locations, it takes a long time to establish factories. Also, due to high cost and regulation, the establishment of individual factories is not easy. However, since the establishment process is simple and the price of land is low, the establishment of individual factories has led to an increase in the number of individual factories. The problem of the undeveloped factories is that the lack of infrastructure such as the road and environmental pollution treatment facilities around the factory deteriorates the pleasant environment and the cityscape and deteriorates the health of the residents in the surrounding area. In this study, we analyzed the location of individual factories established in the Seoul metropolitan area from 2001 to 2016 by using ArcGIS Pro. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, individual location factories are formed around existing industrial complexes and industrial sites. The reason for this is considered to be the external effect that can be obtained from the surrounding area. Secondly, since the Seoul city's individual location factories are established in many residential areas, it shows the conflicting result of the mixture of residence and factory. Third, the Gyeonggi province's individual location factories have a high proportion of non-urban areas. This is because the Gyeonggi province's management area occupies a larger proportion than other areas in Gyeonggi province. This study analyzed the spatial - temporal spreading process of individual factories and the unfolding of individual factories in the metropolitan area, and it can provide policy implications to control the over development of individual factories in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2016

This study aims to develop a framework to estimate mobile source emissions with the macroscopic travel demand model including enhanced estimates of intra-zonal travel emissions using Space Syntax analysis. It is acknowledged that "the land-use and transportation interaction model explains the influence of urban structure on accessibility and mobility pattern". Based upon this theory, the estimation model of intra-zonal travel emissions is presented with the models of total travel distance, total travel demand, and average travel speed of intra-zonal trips. Thess statistical models include several spatial indices derived from the Space Syntax analysis. It explains that urban spatial structure is a critical factor for intra-zonal travel emissions, which is lower in compact zone with smaller portion of land area, lower sprawl indicator, and more grid-type of road network. Also the suggested framework is applied in the evaluation of the effectiveness of bicycle lane project in Suwon, Korea. The estimated emissions including intra-zonal travel is as double as the results only with inter-zonal demands, which shows better performance of the suggested framework for more realistic outcomes. This framework is applicable to the estimation of mobile source emissions in nation-wide and the assessment of transportation-environment policies in regional level.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.371-379
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• 2018

In many countries, recycling coal ashes as backfill materials for subsided lands, abandoned mine tunnels, and road pipeline constructions by making low-strength concretes with minimal amounts of cement is frequently considered for massive treatment of coal ashes. This study investigates the variation of heavy metals in the concrete test pieces prepared for the cases of using only Portland cement as binding material, fly ash as a replacement of the cement, sand as aggregates, and disposed ashes in the ash ponds as a replacement of aggregates. Heavy metal contents were measured based on the aqua regia extraction technique following the Korean Standard for Fair Testing of Soil Contamination and the influences of each materials on the total heavy metal contents were also assessed. Results show that the cement has the highest Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations than any other materials. Therefore, the test pieces show significant concentration decreases for those metals when the cement was replaced by fly ash. Ponded ash shows low concentrations relative to fly ash in most of the parameters but shows higher Cu and Ni, and lower Pb levels than the sand aggregate. In overall, heavy metal levels of the test pieces are regulated by mixing among the used materials. Test pieces prepared during this study always show concentrations much lower than the Worrisome Level of Soil Contamination (Area 1), which was designated by the Soil Environment Conservation Act of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2009

Urban expansion has caused environmental problems, traffic jam and real estate. Trend analysis of Urban expansion is needed for analysis and prediction of the existing problem-solving, urban planning and land use. In this study, We constructed database based on MOE(Minister of environment)'s landcover(1980's, 2000's), 1: 25,000 digital topographical map using of DEM and data of the National Statistical Office for urban and build up expand analysis of South Korea. As a result, The rate of increase in population of Gyeonggi-do, Incheon and Ulsan are high but Jeollanam-do is low. Area of development zone was 2.15 fold increase in comparison with before it. Slope aspect is south or east and urban expansion was increase in district such as Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeonggi-do, Jeollanam-do. Existing road of accessibility was high than development zone. Metropolitan city developre it. In conclusion, we found that South Korea urban expansion was developed from metropolitan city. In natural topographical conditions, the development was progress advantageous zone to disadvantageous zone. Also, we found that population was rapidly increase with new development as the center zone in urban expansion zone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

A/R CDM(Afforestation/Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism) in Kyoto Mechanism means, either afforestation in the area used for other purposes more than 50 years or reforestation in the area used for other purposes on December 31st in 1989. South Korea has few sites due to the successful forestation in the past, but North Korea has not reforested the deforested lands since the mid-1970's. So these areas need to apply A/R CDM Project for restoration. The purposes of this study are to make a time series analysis in deforested areas and to estimate a feasibility of A/R CDM. To find the site satisfying A/R CDM business definition, land cover classification was applied using satellite images of the mid-1970's with good forestation, late 1980's including A/R CDM base year, and recent 2000's, and the chronological change was analyzed to categorize the possible sites. The North Korean topographical map of 1977 was used to verify land cover classification degree of 1970's, the land cover classification results made by the Ministry of Environment in 2000 were compared to verify the accuracy of 1980's results, and the land cover classification results in 2000's were verified by 2 site visits. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The eligible A/R CDM sites are 605,156ha on the basis of the forestation change analysis in North Korea. Since the mid-1970's, 30.8% of the decreased forestation area of 1,966,306ha was classified into A/R CDM eligible sites. While other countries have the limited eligible sites, which has not been used for forestation since 1989 or which is being scattered, North Korea has large scale sites. Deforested sites are mainly around road and residential area, consequently give better accessibility for forestation than other countries. In conclusion, it is found that North Korea can provide efficient site for applying A/R COM Project to forestation restoring deforested land because of easy accessibility and existence of many possible sites due to artificial deforestation. Also, it is meaningful that the study suggests the application possibility of A/R COM Project to restore deforested land in North Korea and the related basic information through the chronological classification of the mid-1970's with good forestation, the late-1980's including A/R COM base year, and recent 2000's. It is expected that the study contributes to revitalization of A/R CDM Project and related research on North Korea forestation.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2015

In this era of smart convergent environment wherein all industries are converged on ICT infrastructure and industries and cultures come together, the information and communication construction business is becoming more important. For the information and communication construction business to continue growing, it is very important to ensure that technical manpower is stably supplied. To date, however, there has been no theoretically methodical analysis of manpower supply and demand in the information and communications construction business. The need for the analysis of manpower supply and demand has become even more important after the government announced the road map for the development of construction business in December 2014 to seek measures to strengthen the human resources capacity based on the mid- to long-term manpower supply and demand analysis. As such, this study developed the manpower supply and demand forecast model for the information and communications construction business and presented the result of manpower supply and demand analysis. The analysis suggested that an overdemand situation would arise since the number of graduates of technical colleges decreased beginning 2007 because of fewer students entering technical colleges and due to the restructuring and reform of departments. In conclusion, it cited the need for the reeducation of existing manpower, continuous upgrading of professional development in the information and communications construction business, and provision of various policy incentives.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Since 1990s, some events - detection of a dirty bomb in a Russian nation park in 1995, 9/11 terrorist attack to WTC in 2001, discovery of Al-Qaeda's experimentation to build a dirty bomb in 2003 etc - have showed that nuclear or radiological terrorism relating to radioactive materials (hereinafter "radioactive materials" is referred to as "nuclear material, nuclear spent fuel and radioactive source") is not incredible but serious and credible threat. Thus, to respond to the new threat, the international community has not only strengthened security and physical protection of radioactive materials but also established prevention of and response to illicit trafficking of radioactive materials. In this regard, our government has enacted or revised the national regulatory framework with a view to improving security of radioactive materials and joined the international convention or agreement to meet this international trend. For the purpose of prevention of nuclear/radiological terrorism, this paper reviews physical characteristics of nuclear material and existing detection instruments used for prevention of illicit trafficking. Finally, national detection regime against nuclear/radiological terrorism based on paths of the smuggled radioactive materials to terrorist's target building/area, national topography and road networks, and defence-in-depth concept is suggested in this paper. This study should contribute to protect people's health, safety and environment from nuclear/radiological terrorism.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.517-523
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• 2012

Double Stack Train(DST) is being used variously around USA and Canada. The greatest advantage of the DST is mass transportation without extending the length of freight train and number of cars. So the DST system can be a kind of innovative train to increase the competitiveness of rail logistic business. As the domestic rail logistic increase, for enhancement of environment friendly green transportation amount, the DST needs more for efficiency. In this study, as the alternative way to introduce the DST to the Kyungbu Line, it's investigated the extensibility of rail freight with the relation of rail fare discount and examined the necessity of pilot business to the Kyungjeon Line which was expected comparatively lower cost. If the DST system is introduced to the Kyungjeon Line, the cost of mass transportation can be much lower and then the comparativeness of rail transportation will be increased, therefore logistic companies can have some margin additionally. In the result of survey to the related companies, if rail transportation fare is 37.7 % cheaper than current road transportation fare, the modal shift can be transferred by maximum 100%.