• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.139-151
• /
• 2018

The Songgang-ri area, Cheongsong-gun, which is located in the Sobaeksan province of Yeongnam Massif near the southwestern boundary of Yeongyang subbasin of Gyeongsang Basin, consists of age unknown metamorphic rocks (banded gneiss, granitic gneiss, limesilicates) and age unknown igneous rock (granite gneiss) which intrudes them. This paper researched the geological structures of the Songgang-ri area from the geometric and kinematic features and the developing sequence of multi-deformed rock structures in the geological outcrops exposed about 170 m along the riverside of Yongjeoncheon in the eastern part of Songgang village, Songgang-ri. In the Songgang-ri geological outcrops are recognized three times (Fn, Fn+1, Fn+2) of folding, three times (Dk-I, Dk-II, Dk-III) intrusion of acidic dykes, one time of faulting, which are different in deformation and intrusion timing each other. These geological structures are at least formed by five times (Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2, Dn+3, Dn+4) of deformation. The Dn deformation is recognized by Fn fold which axial surface is parallel to the regional foliation. The Dn+1 intruded the (E)NE trending Dk-I dyke in the earlier phase and formed the NW trending Fn+1 fold in the later phase under compression of (E)NE-(W)SW direction. There are tight, isoclinal, intrafolial folds, boudinage, ${\sigma}$- or ${\delta}$-type boudins, asymmetric fold, C' shear band as the major deformed rock structures. The Dn+2 intruded the (N)NW trending Dk-II dyke in the earlier phase and formed NE trending Fn+2 fold in the later phase under compression of (N)NW-(S)SE direction. There are open fold and folded boudinage as those. The Dn+2 intruded the Dk-III dyke which cuts the Dk-I and Dk-II dykes and the axial surface of Fn+2 fold. The Dn+3 formed the left-handed reverse oblique-slip fault of NNE trend in which hanging wall moves into the SSE direction. Considering in that such five times of deformation recognized in the Songgang-ri geological outcrops are closely connected to the distribution and geological structure of the constituents in the more regional area as well as Songgang-ri area, the research result is expected to play a great data in clarifying and understanding the geological structure and its development process of the surrounding and boundary constituents of the Yeongnam Massif and Gyeongsang Basin.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.339-344
• /
• 1986

Frost damage which can reduce yields, impair fruit quality and cause loss of trees is closely related to the occurrence of daily minimum temperature. Horizontal distribution of air temperature minima can be characterized by conditions of radiational cooling and gravitational movement of cold air, which are influenced by the regional topographic features. Observations were made on the air temperature minima over Yangpyeong area, to delineate potential effects of topography on the temperature pattern during spring season. Two routes were selected for the observation. Liquid glass minimum thermometers were installed at 17 sites through the old peach orchards which had been closed due to the frequent freeze-frost hazards during the recent years. This route was 8.5km long and the highest point was 350m above mean sea level. The other route, which was 2.5km in distance, was run with a digital resistance thermometer during the hour just before sunrise. Observations were made both on a calm-clear day (April 30, 1986) and a windy-overcast day (May 1, 1986). The temperature on April 30 was in increasing trend with elevation but this was modified at near the riverside and the downtown area. An orchard lying on a hilltop showed the temperature $1^{\circ}C$ higher than near by lowland of which elevation was about 30m lower. The minimum temperature on the overcast day was little affected by terrestrial conditions but by the atmospheric lapse condition. The peach orchards severely damaged by cold air were found in the area where the lowest minimum temperature was observed. The results may be useful for selection of the proper orchard location to be developed in an area.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.48 no.5
• /
• pp.409-420
• /
• 2015

The Sangdae-ri riverside around Musimcheon stream, flowing through Gadeok-myon of Cheongju City, is one of the representative strawberry fields employing water curtain cultivation (WCC) in Korea. In this area, annual groundwater use for WCC has been calculated by a few methods. On the assumption that all the water flowing through the final ditch may be mostly composed of groundwater, the discharge rate in it can be used as a good proxy for assessing the groundwater use. However, in the study area, the final ditch was set up in an unpaved state near and parallel to Musimcheon stream. Under such circumstances, the drainwater is likely to be influenced by infiltration and/or inflow of nearby stream. Hence, we examined whether or not stream water has influenced water flowing out through the final ditch in respect of ion concentrations or field parameters such as T, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values. The period of measuring field parameters and sample collection was from February 2012 through February 2015. The drainwater in the final ditch did not show the average quality of groundwater, but similar quality of stream water in respect of pH, EC, ion contents and water type. From this, it is suggested that measuring the flow rate of the final ditch should not be directly used for assessing groundwater use in the study area. In addition, because of its sensitivity to ambient temperature, water temperature proved not to be appropriate for estimating the interaction between ditch and stream. For accuracy, additional methods will be needed to calculate mixing ratios between stream and ground water within drainage system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.86-99
• /
• 2016

This study was for analyzing the external environment and internal space structure and improving the way of use efficiency in waterfront through the Dragon boat festival to utilize waterfront actively. Through from the four target area, Hongkong, Busan, Incheon and Daejeon, this study was for an importance and satisfaction analysis for users about the element effect on the waterfront use efficiency and the contribution to cultural contents revitalization of waterfront by giving basic data. The result is as follows. First, in the importance analysis about 12 items, modern cultural infra around the waterfront was ranked highest, 8.26 and waterfront landscape, square & openspaces, convenience facilities, transport, green area, quality of viewing space, historic resources, pedestrian, suitability of width, wave, depth, water quality, berth & mooring were ranked in descending order. Second, waterfront landscape was interpreted by rather the external environmental impact according to city size than the matter of spatial structure in target area and judged as an important factor effect on site selection for waterfront. In the analysis of waterfront landscape, the reason of the high satisfaction about domestic target area was that riverside parks were recently made considering their waterfront activities. Viewing space was major infra where people could experience the pleasant waterfront and watch dynamic water leisure sports like Dragon boat three dimensionally and was thought to be improved for the use efficiency. Third, tourism resources were very important element that affect the use efficiency of waterfront, so waterfront users react sensitively to modern tourism resources rather than to historic resources. This meant that tourism infrastructure for shopping and leisure of the young affected the use efficiency of waterfront, so Hongkong and Busan were in a better position in terms of using waterfront that was near the tourism infrastructure. Fourth, in the analysis of traffic accessibility, both Hongkong and Busan were high evaluated in terms of excellent traffic accessibility by subway. Daejeon was low rated in terms of the satisfaction of use efficiency, because of the relative lower place awareness compared with transportation infrastructure. In Hongkong, waterfront was connected with downtown and in Busan, housing complex and shopping centers were located in the place for users in an easily accessible on foot, so the satisfaction was high-pitched. Finally, in the importance of water surface width and the analysis of satisfaction, except Incheon, all the three were over 200m in width of water surface and this meant the surface width above certain level was interpreted to interrupt the concentration of enjoying the water leisure sports. In the analysis of surface condition such as water quality, water depth and wave, through a survey, Busan had a problem with water quality and Gapcheon in Daejeon had a problem with optimal water depth by the festival participants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to select the study area, which will be formed into Daegu Science Park as an national industrial complex, and to assess the landscape value based on biotop classification with different polygon forms, and to develop and computerize Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT) based on GIS. The result is as follows. First, according to the result of biotop classification based on an advanced analysis on preliminary data, a field study, and a literature review, total 13 biotop groups such as forrest biotop groups and total 63 biotop types were classified. Second, based on the advanced research on landscape value assessment model of biotop, we development biotop value assessment tool by using visual basic programming language on the ArcGIS. The first application result with B-VAT showed that the first grade was classified into 19 types including riverside forest(BE), the second grade 12 types including artificial plantation(ED), and the third class, the fourth grade, and the fifth grade 12 types, 2 types, and 18 types respectively. Also, according to the second evaluation result with above results, we divided a total number of 31 areas and 34 areas, which had special meaning for landscape conservation(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for landscape conservation(2a, 2b, 2c). As such, biotop type classification and an landscape value evaluation, both of which were suggested from the result of the study, will help to scientifically understand a landscape value for a target land before undertaking reckless development. And it will serve to provide important preliminary data aimed to overcome damaged landscape due to developed and to manage a landscape planning in the future. In particular, we expect that B-VAT based on GIS will help overcome the limitations of applicability for of current value evaluation models, which are based on complicated algorithms, and will be a great contribution to an increase in convenience and popularity. In addition, this will save time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting. However, this study limited to aesthetic-visual part in biotop assessment. Therefore, it is certain that in the future research comprehensive assessment should be conducted with conservation and recreation view.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.265-281
• /
• 1992

The materials of this study consist of both specimens and survey records of the mollusks and crustaceans which were obtained from 30 collection sites in the Naktong Estuary during Aug.-Nov., 1991. The mollusks and crustaceans collected and identified in this study are 31 and 50 species, respectively. Of these two species of mollusks and six species of crustaceans were newly recored in this area. Including the previous records, the occurrence and distribution of 63 molluscan species and 138 crustacean species were compared in eight zones, before and after the construction of the Naktong Estuary Barrage. During this investigation, only a few species of mollusks occurred in the northern freshwaters off the Barrage. The habitats for the intertidal species were greatly destructed along the eastern part of the UIsuk Is. and the riverside of Tadaep'o where the bank was recently constructed. The commercial bivalves including Corbicula fluminea and Ruditapes Philkippinarum were greatly decreased in number in all the eatuarine waters. A freshwater crab, Eriocheir japonicus, seems to be extinguished in the Naktong River and its neighbouring streams.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.180-188
• /
• 2018

Biopolymer based on microbial ${\beta}$-glucan and xanthan gum is a rising geotechnical material that can enhance the cohesion between soil particles and consequently reduce soil erosion. Recently, biopolymer is proposed to utilize for the riverbank strengthening. As an effort of the ecological assessment of biopolymer application in civil engineering, this study examined the effects of biopolymer on seed germination and growth of nine plant species inhabiting in the Korean riverside. Responses of above-ground growth to the biopolymer differed among plant species. One species grew less but others maintained their growth when plants were grown in the soil with biopolymer. In contrast, root grew more vigorously and root/shoot ratio decreased in the biopolymer across testing plant species. These results indicate that biopolymer application on the river bank likely stimulate root growth of native plant species, which, in turn, possibly reinforces riverbank. Species specific responses of above-ground growth implies that ecological effects of biopolymer application would depend on the species composition of the ecosystem.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.463-476
• /
• 2014

The riverine wetlands located in the riverside bring about social conflicts through confrontation between flood control value through flood control project and ecological preservation value of riverine wetland. In this study, we identified the importance of both values through analysis of economic feasibility of flood control and ecological values of riverine wetland, and tried to suggest management plans for riverine wetland considering both of flood control safety and ecological preservation through these results. For this, we calculated the expected annual flood damage of Imjin River using the multi-dimensional flood damage analysis(MD-FDA), and calculated the total value of riverine wetland using the contingent valuation method(CVM) to estimate preservation value of riverine wetland. The result of the analysis shows that the Imjin River needs flood control project and the ecological preservation of riverine wetland is also important. Therefore, the establishment of the management plan for protecting riverine wetland is also needed. As a result, the Imjin riverine wetland was classified as the area where sedimentation continues to take place, and the flood water level to rise. On the basis of the analyzed results, it is judged that the Imjin River needs flood control for public safety and ecological consideration for ecosystem preservation in the river improvement project. So, the stepwise river improvement is desirable to protect riverine wetland and minimize ecosystem disturbance. The results is expected to be made good use as the basic study for establishment of institutional river management plans considering flood control project and riverine wetland preservation in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.104 no.1
• /
• pp.76-83
• /
• 2015

Old growth and protected-trees are worth history and culturally in Korea. This research carried out to investigate habitat characterization and the vegetative propagation methods of Salix chaenomeloides(100-600 years old trees) in Gyeongsangnamdo Province. It has been preserved in good and grow naturally in area surrounding village(4 trees), riverside(1 tree) and field(1 tree). Cutting from old growth and protected trees was conducted using 10 kinds of bedsoils. It was survived above 93% in all bedsoils. Growth of cuttings is a distinct difference according to bedsoils and tree ages. Growth of cutting was high on CBS, followed mixed bedsoils(VPMP) including vermiculite, peatmoss and perlite. Root collar diameter was difference depend on tree ages and bedsoils. All trees are produced 1 to 4 branch. Root growth of cutting was 20 cm on CBS and VPMP, which is the best shoot growing on cutting. Bedsoil with physico-chemical characteristics of high moisturizing ability, high air permeability, high EC value and slightly acid may be suitable for efficiently cutting propagation of old growth and protected S. chaenomeloides. CBS and VPMP bedsoil are favorable for propagating this species by cuttings.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2010

The purpose of the study was to identify the potential buyers' consciousness of single-family housing to provide useful data to help future single-family housing supplies in Ulsan. The study selected residents in Ulsan, who were over twenty and had an interest in living in a single-family housing. A survey was conducted from September 11, 2008 to September 25, 2008. The sample consisted of 364 persons who are currently live in Ulsan metropolitan area. The results are as following. About two thirds of the sample had the desire to live in a single-family housing. Moving into a single-family housing had financial preparation as the greatest issue. When moving into a single-family housing, the convenience of the residential district was the greatest consideration, whether or not it is a green environment, pollution level, etc. The potential buyers valued environment-friendly features and also had a very strong desire to own their own house. Many of them wanted to design and build their own single-family housing within a budget of 100-200 million KRW. In terms of the location, there was a higher preference for the riverside or lakeside rural areas outside the city. In terms of size, the preference was less than $330m^2$, which includes $99-132m^2$ for residential. When considering a single-family housing the direction was the most important feature, along with eco-friendly and safer materials and equipments. When building the single-family housing the potential buyers considered the community spaces first with a preference for having three bedrooms and two bathrooms. For the exterior, they wanted a unique shape of roof and there were high preferences for brown and beige colors. In terms of housing complexes, the potential buyers preferred individual unit types over complexes. If they preferred housing complexes, they wanted the cluster form complex with about 10-30 units. The complex also required a park-like setting with a guard system, which shows that convenience and safety were the most important features. In terms of complex management, they considered environmental management as the most important feature. The potential buyers were willing to pay belw 200,000 KRW, which showed their desire to minimize financial burdens.