• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2018

Interest in renewable energy is increasing for eco-friendly use of energy, and fuel cells are being used in various ways such as houses and buildings as power generation methods that have low emissions such as $NO_X$ and $CO_2$. As the supply of fuel cells expands, more and more boilers are installed in the existing buildings, but safety management is not being performed properly. Therefore, in this study, a prior study was conducted on the status of fuel cell-boiler complex installation and related criteria, and the risk factors were analyzed according to the installation environment and structure. Based on these standards, the safety performance of the fuel cell-boiler combined installation is assessed by conducting a demonstration using the starting product of the simulated operation to derive the installation criteria (proposal) for the fuel cell-boiler combined installation. The installation criteria (proposal) include the construction and connection method of the piping according to the fuel cell-boiler complex installation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2019

A sprinkler is a fire extinguishing equipment installed in a protected area where a detector or head detects a fire and automatically puts out the fire. However, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport's "Regulations on Building Evacuation and Fire Protection Standards, etc." stipulate that fire compartment area should be reduced to three times by installing sprinkler facilities in the case of factories and warehouses. In this study, fire hazard was analyzed for a real PCB factory which mitigated the fire protection zone by sprinkler installation, and the head opening characteristics of sprinkler facilities through computer simulation, installation standards of sprinkler facilities, thermal performance, operating range, and the amount of water sprayed to identify the problems of operation of sprinkler facilities in case of fire, and to suggest the grounds such as required sprinkling flow rate for system improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

Compound disaster is the type that increases the impact affected by two or more hazard events, and attention to compound disaster and multi-hazards risk is growing due to potential damages which are difficult to predict. The objective of this study is to analyze the possible impacts of post-fire landslide scenario quantitatively by using TRIGRS (Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis), a physics-based landslide model. In the case of wildfire, soil organic material and density are altered, and saturated hydraulic conductivity decrease because of soil exposed to high temperature. We have included the change of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity into the TRIGRS model through literature review. For a case study, we selected the area of $8km^2$ in Pyeongchang County. The landslide modeling process was calibrated before simulate the post-wildfire impact based on landslide inventory data to reduce uncertainty. As a result, the mean of the total factor of safety values in the case of landslide was 2.641 when rainfall duration is 1 hour with rainfall intensity of 100mm per day, while the mean value for the case of post-wildfire landslide was lower to 2.579, showing potential landslide occurrence areas appear more quickly in the compound disaster scenario. This study can be used to prevent potential losses caused by the compound disaster such as post-wildfire debris flow or landslides.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.111-123
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• 2020

Deep learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning and artificial intelligence that has a deep neural network with a structure similar to the human neural system and has been trained using big data. DL narrows the gap between data acquisition and meaningful interpretation without explicit programming. It has so far outperformed most classification and regression methods and can automatically learn data representations for specific tasks. The application areas of DL in radiation oncology include classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, image translation and generation, and image captioning. This article tries to understand what is the potential role of DL and what can be more achieved by utilizing it in radiation oncology. With the advances in DL, various studies contributing to the development of radiation oncology were investigated comprehensively. In this article, the radiation treatment process was divided into six consecutive stages as follows: patient assessment, simulation, target and organs-at-risk segmentation, treatment planning, quality assurance, and beam delivery in terms of workflow. Studies using DL were classified and organized according to each radiation treatment process. State-of-the-art studies were identified, and the clinical utilities of those researches were examined. The DL model could provide faster and more accurate solutions to problems faced by oncologists. While the effect of a data-driven approach on improving the quality of care for cancer patients is evidently clear, implementing these methods will require cultural changes at both the professional and institutional levels. We believe this paper will serve as a guide for both clinicians and medical physicists on issues that need to be addressed in time.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2021

Various infectious diseases have threatened swine industries in Korea. One of the major risk factors of disease spread is livestock transport vehicle. For this reason, all abattoirs are required by law to have vehicle washing and disinfection facilities. However, detailed guidelines for cleaning and disinfection procedures were not provided. So in this study, assessment by visual observation was conducted to evaluate how well the cleaning and disinfection procedures of livestock transport vehicles have been performed in four different abattoirs in Jeonbuk, Korea. The observation included length of car washing time, the number of washing bay, type of washperson, type of disinfectant application, length of disinfection time, and compliance of driver's hygienic procedure. Every vehicle in all abattoirs conducted washing and disinfection procedure. However, there were procedural differences for each abattoirs and defects in the washing and disinfection procedures. In addition to that, the compliance of driver's hygienic procedure was not sufficient. Hence, detailed manuals on washing and disinfection procedures for involved people are required and it is necessary to establish an inspection and evaluation system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2022

Hydrogen purification is generally performed through chemical and physical methods. Among various types of purification method PSA(Pressure Swing Adsorption) is widely used with its purification capacity and economic efficiency. In Korea, most of the hydrogen used in automobiles and power generation fuel cells is purified using PSA. Hydrogen produced in petrochemical complexes has difficulties in transportation. The government is planning to install hydrogen extractors that produce hydrogen directly from consumers in connection with the city gas supply chain, and companies are also installing related research and demonstration facilities one after another. Europe and others have recently established safety standards related to PSA and are making efforts for systematic safety management at the construction and operation stage, but domestic safety standards related to PSA are still insufficient. This study aims to identify problems of existing facilities through surveys and risk assessment by companies operating existing PSA, and to prepare domestic technical standards including them in overseas technical standards to promote the safety of new and existing PSA systems.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.199-209
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore objective indicators(outcomes) which are used to evaluate clinical efficacy and figure out the mechanisms of herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that mediated with herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for IBS and used objective indicators for outcome from November 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The RCTs that were published in Korean, English and Chinese were included in this study. The selected literatures were analyzed about methods of result measurement and assessed by Cochrane's risk of bias(RoB). Total 18 RCTs were included in this study. There were lots of objective indicators for result measurement; the concentration of hormones in blood and neurotransmitters, the sensitivity of rectum, the functional assessment of central nerve and autonomic nerve system, the change of intestinal flora, the concentration of serum cytokines. Various objective indicators can be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of with herbal medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for IBS, but due to the limitations of the quality of the included studies, systematic review and meta-analysis will be needed.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.343-350
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• 2022

Purpose: The Taean oil spill in 2007 taught us a great lesson and is a representative example of a social disaster. It was overcome through the dazzling dedication and service of volunteers. However, behind the volunteers, they were directly or indirectly exposed to the spilled oil, resulting in health problems such as headaches and safety accidents. Safety accidents were caused by unsafe behavior, and unsafe behavior was caused by lack of safety awareness or ignorance. We want to find an education and training program to systematically raise safety awareness for volunteers in connection with the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Method: The occupational safety and health law, the laws related to coastal clean-up, and the unsafe behavior factors in the statistics of occupational accidents in the past year were mainly identified. Result: The contents of education and training hours to be provided for volunteers involved in coastal clean-up were presented in comparison with workers under the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Conclusion: Safety and health education for volunteers and volunteer managers is directly related to safety awareness and can prevent unsafe behavior.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2022

Background Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most frequent congenital craniofacial deformities, with an incidence of approximately 1 per 700 people. Postoperative palatal fistula is one of the most significant long-term complications. This study investigated the incidence of postoperative palatal fistula and its predictive factors based on 25 years of experience at our hospital. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 636 consecutive palatal repairs performed between January 1996 and October 2020 by a single surgeon. Data from patients' medical records regarding cleft palate repair were analyzed. The preoperative extent of the cleft was evaluated using the Veau classification system, and the cleft palate repair technique was chosen according to the extent of the cleft. SPSS version 25.0 was used for all statistical analyses, and exploratory univariate associations were investigated using the t-test. Results Fistulas occurred in 20 of the 636 patients; thus, the incidence of palatal fistula was 3.1%. The most common fistula location was the hard palate (9/20, 45%), followed by the junction of the hard and soft palate (6/20, 30%) and the soft palate (5/20, 25%). The cleft palate repair technique significantly predicted the incidence of palatal fistula following cleft palate repair (P=0.042). Fistula incidence was significantly higher in patients who underwent surgery using the Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty technique (12.1%) than in cases where the Busan modification (3.0%) or two-flap technique (2.0%) was used. Conclusions The overall incidence of palatal fistulas was 3.1% in this study. Moreover, the technique of cleft palate repair predicted fistula incidence.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.96-113
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of herbal medicine that are used for endometrial hyperplasia. Methods: We searched on three databases [PubMed, China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), and Oriental medicine advanced searching integrated system (OASIS)] with keywords for Endometrial hyperplasia(English, Korean, and Chinese) and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed on the selected studies. Results: 15 RCTs were finally selected. According to the analysis, Most of the participants were endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. And the combined therapeutic effects of hormonal medicine and herbal medicine were statistically significant (RR 1.21 [95% CI 1.15, 1.28], P<0.00001), The endometrial thickness tended to be thinner when treated combined therapy. And they also showed improvement on levels of pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) and hemoglobin. Also, the therapeutic effects of herbal medicine can be identified as similar to Western medicine, and no superior effects have been confirmed (RR 1.05 [95% CI 0.87, 1.28], P=0.60). Conclusion: The combination Western and herbal medicine was more effective than Western medicine alone treated for endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. Moreover there were also significant improvements in endometrial thickness, PBAC and hemoglobin levels.