• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.202-202
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• 2017

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.553-557
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• 2014

The steady increase in livestock industry has greatly required the stable production of food and forage crops. As an alternative, rice-forage cropping system has been attempted in several southern areas. The present study was performed to understand whether an application of cattle-manure compost affects soil chemical properties and crop productivity in rice-forage cropping system, rice ${\rightarrow}$ summer oat ${\rightarrow}$ rye, in Jangheong county, south Jeolla province from 2013 to 2014. Treatments was composed of control (no compost), CM1 (compost application before rice transplanting), and CM2 (two-times compost application, before rice transplanting and after rice harvest), and inorganic fertilizers (N, P, and K) were equally dressed in all plots. Yields of rice were not significantly different between treatments, however, oat production was 1.25-fold higher in CM1 and CM2. Nutrient uptake amounts of rye were higher in CM2 than CM1 and control. Total nitrogen in soil was maintained stable level during crop cultivation. And soil organic matter contents in all treatments were increased by crop residue. Available P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K were increased by cattle manure application. Therefore, it suggested that the amount of nutrient by forage crop residue should be considered in rice-forage multiple cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to review research evolution and achievements, major activities, research manpower, and difficulties for social scientists, using IRRI's internal web site and Social Sciences Division's research literatures. The major findings are as follows: 1) Social research started with the establishment of Agricultural Economics Division (AED) in 1966, and it was developed into the Social Sciences Division (SSD) in 1990; 2) Their research has been geared towards developing technological and policy interventions that improve food security and raise the well-being of rice farmers through sustainable increase in the productivity of a rice-based production system; 3) Major activities of social sciences research for about four decades can be classified into the identification of technology needs, technology impact assessment, policy analysis, research prioritization, and capacity building for social science research in NARS (National Agricultural Research Systems). They have become increasingly important in alleviating the poverty of the rice growing and consuming population; 4) Social researchers at IRRI include economists, anthropologists, gender specialists, geographic information specialists, and rural sociologists; 5) Finally, this paper discusses the difficulties faced by social researchers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.98-102
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• 2012

Organic farming has rapidly increased in Gangwon province, but there is a concern about nutrient accumulation and nutrient imbalance in the soil of organic farming. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of continuous application of organic amendments on growth and yield of red pepper and soil characteristics compared with chemical fertilizers application for four years. Treatments of organic amendments including oil cake, rice straw compost, amino acid compost, rice bran compost, and mushroom media (spent substrate) compost resulted in comparable growth and yield of pepper to chemical fertilizers. Organic amendments improved soil physical and chemical characteristics. Especially, rice bran compost and oil cake significantly increased soil organic matter compared with chemical fertilizer application and mushroom media compost and rice straw compost significantly improved soil aggregate stability. On the other hand, available phosphate level in the soil amended with rice bran compost or mushroom media compost was relatively high compared with the other treatments due to relatively high phosphate levels in the composts. It is not easy to adjust nutrient composition in the organic materials. Therefore, the results obtained from the study imply that nutrient imbalance needs to be carefully considered in organic farming without use of chemical fertilizers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2011

Ions deficiency or excess remains one of the critical ground level environmental problems, affecting crop productivity. In this overview, we will discuss an increased application of proteomics technology in addressing this issue using rice (Oryza sativa L.) as a model crop plant. Proteomics analyses have revealed that rice proteome undergoes changes in the proteins composition and expression in response to several ionic stresses, including mineral nutrients (aluminum, nitrogen, and phosphorous) and heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, and copper). Developed inventory of responsive proteins and their correlation with changes in physiological symptoms and parameters are a major step forward in: (i) better understanding the underlying mechanisms of ionic stresses-triggered responses in rice; (ii) comparative proteomics studies; and (iii) designing a novel strategy to improve crop plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2023

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits rice productivity in many regions of the world. In order to develop salt stress tolerant rice plants, genetic engineering is a promising approach. We characterized the molecular function of rice C3H2C3 as a really interesting new gene (RING). Oryza sativa RING finger protein H2-3 (OsRFPH2-3) was highly expressed in 100 mM NaCl. To identify the localization of OsRFPH2-3, we fused vectors that include C-terminal GFP protein (35S;;OsRFPH2-3-GFP). OsRFPH2-3 was expressed in the nucleus in rice protoplasts. An in vitro ubiquitin assay demonstrated that OsRFPH2-3 possessed E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. However, the mutated OsRFPH2-3 were not possessed any E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. Under salinity conditions, OsRFPH2-3-overexpressing plants exhibited higher chlorophyll, proline, SOD, POD, CAT, and soluble sugar contents and lower H₂O₂ accumulation than wild-type plants, supporting transgenic plants with enhanced salinity tolerance phenotypes. OsRFPH2-3-overexpressing plants exhibited low Na+ accumulation and Na+/K+ ratios in their roots. Theses results suggest that overexpression of OsRFPH2-3 can make plant insensitivity about salinity conditions.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2005

As a silicate source to rice, a coal ash (50%) was mixed with a phosphogypsum (hereafter, gypsum, 50%). Field experiments were carried out to evaluate rice (Oryza sativa) productivity in silt loam (SiL) to which 0, 20, 40 and $60Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of the mixture were added. The mixture increased rice yield and showed the highest yields following the addition of $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$. The mixture did not result in an excessive uptake of heavy metals by the rice grain. The mixture improved available silicate and phosphate and exchangeable calcium contents in soil. The available boron content in soil increased with the mixture application levels up to $1.42mg\;kg^{-1}$ following the application of $60Mg\;ha^{-1}$, but boron toxicity in rice was not found. It is concluded that the coal ash and gypsum mixture could be a good alternative to inorganic soil amendments to restore the soil nutrient balance in paddy soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

Rape residue as green manure is an emerging alternative of chemical fertilizer to improve soil quality and crop productivity. Objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of rape residue as green manure on reduction of chemical fertilizer and suppression of weed occurrence in rice-rape double cropping system. Greenhouse experiment was conducted with four treatments: the combination of rape residue and three different N application rates (0, 30 and 70% of recommended application rate (7.8 kg N $10a^{-1}$)) and 100% chemical fertilizer as a control. No difference in rice clum length was observed for all treatments, while panicle length was highest in a treatment of rape residue+70% chemical fertilizer (Rape+70%CF). In addition, rice grain weight at a Rape+70%CF treatment increased by 19% compared to the control. This treatment also reduced weed density and biomass by 58 and 53%, respectively, compared to the control. Our results suggest that use of rape residues as green manure is an environment friendly and effective way to reduce chemical fertilizer and to enhance crop productivity in rice-rape double cropping system in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.340-344
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• 2005

Salinity problems are caused from the accumulation of soluble salts in the root zone. These excess salts reduce plant growth and vigor by altering water uptake and causing ion-specific toxicities or imbalances. In this investigation, green pepper cultivation technique using mixture bed of soil and rice hull and surface drop fertigation system was examined to prolong the productivity of salt-affected plastic film house soils. Green pepper growth was better in the mixture bed of soil and rice hull comparing to the conventional soil cultivation. Especially root growth was much better and the root had more thin root system in the mixture bed of soil and rice hull. The better growth of root may be due to the better physical conditions and lower EC in the mixture bed of soil and rice hull where nutrient supply was well-managed with fertigation system. In the cultivation with mixture bed of soil and rice hull, fruit yield of green pepper was significantly higher; increased by 43% in comparison to the conventional soil cultivation. Pepper cultivation technique using mixture bed of soil and rice hull and surface drop fertigation system is expected to be a useful method for maintaining and prolonging the productivity of salt-affected plastic film house soils.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.140-145
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• 1987

In 1985 and 1986, silage productivity of 8 Korean improved and 7 US introduced corn hybrids and their resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) were tested in the southern part of Korea where RBSDV is prevalent. The results obtained are summarized as followes: 1. Percentage of RBSDV diseased plantes differed depending on the year and hybrid. Suweon 19, Kwangok, Hoengseungok, Jecheonok, Pioneer 3424, Pioneer 3H001, NC6 13 1 were most susceptible, Pioneer 3 160 and Pioneer 3358 were moderately susceptible, and Nampyungok, Suweon 90, Pioneer XCF38, PB 2, and Jinjuok were least suceptible. No hybrid was completely resistant to RBSDV. 2. There were negative correlations between percentage of RBSDV diseased plants and culm length, percentage of ear bearing plants, ear yield, silage yield, or digestible dry matter, but percentage of RBSDV diseased plants was not correlated with stover yield. 3. Silage yield of Jinjuok, Pioneer 3160, Pioneer 3358, and Pioneer XCF38 were higher than that of other hybrids in both years. However, digestible dry matter of Nampyungok, Suweon 89, and Suweon 90 were higher than that of other hybrids due to a higher proportion of ear in 1986 when RBSDV infection was severer.