• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.577-582
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• 2012

If the mobile station requests the channel allocation in mobile networks, switching center is assigned a channel to mobile station that belong to each base station. Channel allocation schemes is a fixed channel allocation, dynamic channel allocation and a hybrid approach that combines the two forms. To assign a frequency well to use resources efficiently to provide quality service to our customers. In this paper, we proposed method to assign frequencies to minimize interference between channels and to minimizes the number of searching time. The proposed method by the genetic algorithm to improve accuracy and efficiency of the verification steps and reproduction stages were used. In addition, the proposed method by comparing with other methods showed that proposed method is better through the simulations.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.31 no.1_2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2013

In this paper we have developed a mathematical model of alcohol abuse. It consists of four compartments corresponding to four population classes, namely, moderate and occasional drinkers, heavy drinkers, drinkers in treatment and temporarily recovered class. Basic reproduction number $R_0$ has been determined. Sensitivity analysis of $R_0$ identifies ${\beta}_1$, the transmission coefficient from moderate and occasional drinker to heavy drinker, as the most useful parameter to target for the reduction of $R_0$. The model is locally asymptotically stable at disease free or problem free equilibrium (DFE) $E_0$ when $R_0$ < 1. It is found that, when $R_0$ = 1, a backward bifurcation can occur and when $R_0$ > 1, the endemic equilibrium $E^*$ becomes stable. Further analysis gives the global asymptotic stability of DFE. Our aim of this analysis is to identify the parameters of interest for further study with a view for informing and assisting policy-makers in targeting prevention and treatment resources for maximum effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 1989

These experiments were carried out to develop the technique of nuclear transplantation necessary for elevating utilization efficiency of high quality embryos and the production of clone animals. Embryos of pronucleus stages were obtained from ICR mice. Removal of pronuclei and their transfer to recipient embryos were carried out by micromanipulation and virus mediation. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows ; 1. Total 337 pairs of pronuclear stage embryos were subjected to nuclear transplantatin and 247 pairs(73.3%) of them were successfully transplanted and the number of fused embryos between transplanted nucleus and cytoplasm was 188 pairs(55.8%). 2. Of the 188 fused embryos cultured in vitro, 174(92.4%), 131(69.7%) and 117(62.2%) embryos were developed to 2-cell, morula and blastocyst stages, respectively. 3. When total 104 nuclear transplanted embryos were transferred to uteri of recipient mice on day 2-3 of pseudopregnancy, 4 of 12 recipient mice were pregnant and the number of embryos developed to young was 28(26.9%).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1994

The effects of human or mouse leukemia inhibitory factor(hLIF or mLIF) were examined as a means of increasing the development of in vitro matured(IVM) and in vitro fertilized (IVF) oocytes into morulae or blastocysts. Cell numbers of blastocysts were also counted using Hochest dye staining. Two-to 8-cell embryos derived from bovine IVM/IVF oocytes were cultured 5 to 6 days in CRI aa with or without mLIF or hLIF. All culture media were contained 3mg/ml bovine serum albumin. In experiment 1, the proportion of embryos developed to morulae and blastocysts in CRI aa containing 5,000U/ml mLIF(37.8%) was slightly higher than those of CRIaa containing 1,000U/ml mLIF(34.6%) and 0 U/ml mLIF(27.4%; P>0.05). In experiment 2, 0, 1,000 and 5,000U/ml of hLIF added to CR1aa media yielded 27.6%, 43.0% and 35.5% morulae and blastocysts, respectively(p>0.05). These were no significant increases in cell number among treatments(p>0.05). These results were indicating that mLIF or hLF can increase the proportion of embryos that develop into morulae and blastocysts without and increase in the cell number.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the fertility and farrowing date in post-weaning sows using PG600 and inseminated with frozen semen. A total of 48 sows of Landrace, Large White and Duroc after 7-week lactation were used at the Chungnam Provincial Animal Breeding Station. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Motility had no significant differences between the breeds, but NAR acrosome was highest in Landrace, followed by Duroc and Large White(p<.01). 2. Interval from weaning to estrus and length of estrus were, respectively, 3.7 days and 52.6hours of sows treated with PG600, and 6.5 days and 53.8 hours for control sows. The average interval from weaning to onset of estrus was significantly(p<.01) shorter by 2.8 days in PG600 treated sows compared to control sows. 3. In Landrace, Duroc and Large White, farrowing rate and number of pigs born alive per litter were 55.0%, 10.0; 43.8%, 8.1; and 16.7%, 3.5, respectively. Average pig weight at birth and survival rate at 56 days had no significant differences between the breeds. 4. Farrowing rate, number of pigs born alive per litter, average pig weight at birth and survival rate at 56 days were, respectivey, 45.8%, 101, 1.56kg and 94.5% for sows treated with PG600, and 37.5%, 7.0, 1.66kg and 93.8% for control sows. Sows treated with PG 600 had an average of 3.1 more pigs at farrowing compared to control sows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 1997

Data from 5,311 ewes and 13,076 lambing from 1977 through 1994 were used to analyse both annual and cumulative outputs in terms on total number of lambs born, total lamb weight weaned and total wool produced per ewe for ewe longevity 1 to 8 depending on their productive life in the flock. Ewes at Khushab produced 0.08 more lambs per parturition than ewes at Khizerabad; however, 0.39 less lambs were weaned at Khushab than at Khizerabad. Similarly, cumulative number of lambs born was more at Khushab flock than Khizerabad flock (p < .01). However, total weight of lambs weaned was greater at Khizerabad than Khushab flock (p < .01) for each ewe longevity. Most ewes (35%) were sold/replaced just after their first parturition (i. e. ewe longevity 1). The overall mean for annual sale/replacement was 32 and 23% at Khushab and Khizerabad, respectively. Distribution of growth and reproductive traits from 1977-94 did not show upward or downward trend inspite of heavy sale/replacement except yearly variation. Lack of any genetic progress over the year suggested that random breeding was employed without any scientific selection programme. Annual means for lambs born, lambs weaned and weight of lambs weaned per ewe present in the flock were the highest for ewe longevity 2 compared with other ewe longevity groups. Relative efficiency in terms of net income was highest for ewe longevity 5 followed by ewe longevity 4 and 6 in both flocks.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of gossypol injection spermatogenesis of mice. Gossypol was injected into the stroma of testes(TS) and the doses of gossypol injected were 5, 10 and 15mg per kg of body weights, respectively. The number of sperm and the weight of testes were gradually reduced(P<0.01) from 2 to 4 weeks after gossypol treatment in all groups of mice treated with gossypol, compared with the control group. The rates of malformation(loss of proacrosome, damage of midpiece and breaking of tail) of sperm were significantly(P<0.01) increased at 2 and 3 weeks after the injection of 10 or 15mg of gossypol. However, the weight of testes and the number of normal sperm were gradually increased and the malformation rate of sperm was decreased between 4 and 6 weeks after injection of 5mg of gossypol. The results of this experiment indicated that probably ireeversible suppression of spermatogenesis could be brought about easily and immediately by the single injection of gossypol into TS.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to improve a simple and effective procedure of egg transfer which is considered to be the most useful technique for the improvementand proliferation of domestic animals. Several experiment procedures such as superovulation, surgical recovery of ovulated egg, in vitro capacitation of ejaculated spermatozoa, in vitro fertilization and culture of embryo were conducted. The results obtained in this experiment were summarized as follows: 1. In rabbits treated with PMS in combination with estradiol and HCG, 10 to 43 eggs were obtained in one rabbit and the average ovulation number of 20 rabbits was 21 eggs. 2. Six to 24 eggs (average 13 eggs) were recovered from the removed oviducts by the methods of flushing technique and the average recovery rate of 20 rabbits was 61.9 percent. 3. Most rabbit spermatozoa ejaculated by artificial vagina were capacitated in vitro by the culture of the spermatozoa with PBI medium at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours after removal of seminal plasma. 4. Normal fetilization following in vitro fetilization was observed in 88 (42.7%) of 206 eggs. 5. The number of eggs developed to 2-, 4-, and 8-cell stage following in vitro culture with PBI medium at 37$^{\circ}C$ was 26 (70.3%), 20 (54.1%) and 17 (45.9%) of 37 eggs used for in vitro culture.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of EDTA on the in vitro development of parthenogenetic eggs of ICR strain mice, those were cultured in 35mm culture dishes containing NaHCO3-BMOC-3 medium supplemented with 10, 50, 100, or 500$\mu$M of EDTA at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 96hrs. under the atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. EDTA supplementation of 10, 50, or 100$\mu$M to medium significantly(P<0.01) increase morula and blastocyst formation rate compared with controls in haploid(19.8, 25.9, 39.0% vs. 0.0%). And compared with 10, or 50$\mu$M of EDTA supplementation, significantly(P<0.01) higher morula and blastocyst formation rate resulted from EDTA supplementatin of 100$\mu$M. Both the nuclear number and diameter of blastocysts developed from parthenogenetic eggs were not affected by the morphological types when they were cultured, or the supplementary concentrations of EDTA. The nuclear number of blastocysts developed from haploid, diploid, and immediately cleavaged eggs was 44.8$\pm$1.2, 45.2$\pm$1.5, and 45.4$\pm$1.8, respectively. And the diameter of those eggs ranged 104.4$\pm$1.8, 104.3$\pm$1.2, and 103.8 1.3$\mu$m, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of extracellular matrix proteins on the in vitro development of blastomeres isolated from 2, 4, and 8-cell embryos(termed 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 blastomeres, respectively) of ICR strain mice, those were cultured in fibronectin, gelatin, or collagen precoated culture dishes containing 1.5ml of NaHCO3-BMOC-3 medium at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs, under the atmosphere at 5% CO2. and 95% air. Fibronectin, gelatin, or collagen significantly(P<0.01) increased and blastocyst formation rate compared with controls in 1/2(65.3, 59.2, 60.7% vs. 21.6%), 1/4(63.7, 53.4, 57.1% vs. 26.3%), and 1/8 blastomeres(61.1, 52.3, 53.7% vs. 19.1%). Both the nuclear number(P<0.05) and diameter of blastocysts(P<0.01) developed from balstomeres were significantly affected by the origin of blastomeres. The nuclear number of blastocysts developed from 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 blastomeres ranged 29.3$\pm$1.6, 24.5$\pm$1.3, and 20..$\pm$1.2, respectively. And the diameter of those blastocysts was 88.3$\pm$2.4, 57.6$\pm$2.1, 39.8$\pm$1.9${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively.