• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.715-725
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• 2018

Truss-Z (TZ) is an Extremely Modular System (EMS). Such systems allow for creation of structurally sound free-form structures, are comprised of as few types of modules as possible, and are not constrained by a regular tessellation of space. Their objective is to create spatial structures in given environments connecting given terminals without self-intersections and obstacle-intersections. TZ is a skeletal modular system for creating free-form pedestrian ramps and ramp networks. The previous research on TZ focused on global discrete geometric optimization of the spatial configuration of modules. This paper reports on the first attempts at structural optimization of the module for a single-branch TZ. The internal topology and the sizing of module beams are subject to optimization. An important challenge is that the module is to be universal: it must be designed for the worst case scenario, as defined by the module position within a TZ branch and the geometric configuration of the branch itself. There are four variations of each module, and the number of unique TZ configurations grows exponentially with the branch length. The aim is to obtain minimum-mass modules with the von Mises equivalent stress constrained under certain design load. The resulting modules are further evaluated also in terms of the typical structural criterion of compliance.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2009

A ring is called left P-coherent if every principal left ideal is finitely presented. Let M be a right R-module with the endomorphism ring S. We mainly study the P-coherence of S. It is shown that S is a left P-coherent ring if and only if the left annihilator $ann_S$(X) is a finitely generated left ideal of S for any M-cyclic submodule X of M if and only if every cyclically M-presented right R-module has an M-torsionfree preenvelope. As applications, we investigate when the endomorphism ring S is left PP or von Neumann regular.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1077-1097
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• 2019

Let M be a finitely generated module over a regular local ring (R, n). We will fix an n-stable filtration for M and show that the minimal free resolution of M can be obtained from any filtered free resolution of M by zero and negative consecutive cancellations. This result is analogous to [10, Theorem 3.1] in the more general context of filtered free resolutions. Taking advantage of this generality, we will study resolutions obtained by the mapping cone technique and find a sufficient condition for the minimality of such resolutions. Next, we give another application in the graded setting. We show that for a monomial order ${\sigma}$, Betti numbers of I are obtained from those of $LT_{\sigma}(I)$ by so-called zero ${\sigma}$-consecutive cancellations. This provides a stronger version of the well-known cancellation "cancellation principle" between the resolution of a graded ideal and that of its leading term ideal, in terms of filtrations defined by monomial orders.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.102-109
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• 2001

In this paper, a new multiplication algorithm which describes the methods of constructing a multiplierover GF(p$^{m}$ ) was presented. For the multiplication of two elements in the finite field, the multiplication formula was derived. Multiplier structures which can be constructed by this formula were considered as well. For example, both GF(3) multiplication module and GF(3) addition module were realized by current-mode CMOS technology. By using these operation modules the basic cell used in GF(3$^{m}$ ) multiplier was realized and verified by SPICE simulation tool. Proposed multipliers consisted of regular interconnection of simple cells use regular cellular arrays. So they are simply expansible for the multiplication of two elements in the finite field increasing the degree m.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.525-530
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• 2024

The need for an environmental monitoring system that obtains and provides environmental information in real time is increasing. In particular, in the case of water quality management in public waters, regular management must be conducted through manual and automatic measurement by law, and air pollution also requires regular measurement and management to reduce fine dust and exhaust gas in connection with the realization of carbon neutrality. In this study, we implemented a system that can measure and monitor water pollution and air pollution information in real time. A hovercraft capable of moving on land and water simultaneously was used as a measurement tool. Water quality measurement and air pollution measurement sensors were installed on the hovercraft body, and a communication module was installed to transmit the information to the monitoring system in real time. The structure of a hovercraft for environmental measurement was designed, and a LoRa module capable of low-power, long-distance communication was applied as a real-time information transmission communication module. The operational performance of the proposed system was confirmed through actual hardware implementation.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to verify the effects of spiritual care module education programs by applying it to nurses. Method: The study employed a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design in a quasi-experimental basis. Subjects were 93 nurses (46 in an experimental group and 47 in a control group) with more than two years clinic experience, attending a bachelor program of K University, in I city, Korea. The program consists of courses with 2.5 hours per week for seven weeks. Result: Scores of spiritual needs and spiritual nursing competence increased significantly in the experimental group. The score of spirituality and spiritual well-being also increased in the experimental group, but not significantly. Conclusion: The spiritual care module education program was considered to be an effective nursing intervention education course. Nurses educated with this program seemed to perform better nursing interventions for subjects facing difficulties or confusion by helping them restore and cope with those problems by themselves. Therefore, it is recommended that spiritual care module education should be settled as a regular course of nursing college with consideration to the corrections and supplements mentioned in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2002

An automated process planning system for cold forging of non-axisymmetric parts of comparatively simple shape was developed in this study. Programs for the system have been written with Visual LISP in the AutoCAD using a personal computer and are composed of four main modules such as input module, shape cognition and shape expression module, material diameter determination module and process planning module. The design rules and knowledges for the system are extracted from the plasticity theories, handbook, relevant reference and empirical knowledge of field experts. Generally, in forging, only front view is needed for expression of axisymmetric parts, but non-axisymmetric parts need front and plane view. At the plane, this system cognizes the external shape of non-axisymmetric, parts - number of sides of regular polygon and radius of a circle circumscribing the polygon of n sides. At the front view, the system perceives diameter of axisymmetric portions and height of primitive geometries such as polygon, cylinder, cone, concave, convex, etc.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.559-571
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• 2017

We investigate modules M having the injective property relative to nonsingular modules. Such modules are called "$\mathcal{N}$-injective modules". It is shown that M is an $\mathcal{N}$-injective R-module if and only if the annihilator of $Z_2(R_R)$ in M is equal to the annihilator of $Z_2(R_R)$ in E(M). Every $\mathcal{N}$-injective R-module is injective precisely when R is a right nonsingular ring. We prove that the endomorphism ring of an $\mathcal{N}$-injective module has a von Neumann regular factor ring. Every (finitely generated, cyclic, free) R-module is $\mathcal{N}$-injective, if and only if $R^{(\mathbb{N})}$ is $\mathcal{N}$-injective, if and only if R is right t-semisimple. The $\mathcal{N}$-injective property is characterized for right extending rings, semilocal rings and rings of finite reduced rank. Using the $\mathcal{N}$-injective property, we determine the rings whose all nonsingular cyclic modules are injective.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.223-227
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• 2014

This paper presents an improvement method for human body sensing module and management system, specifically focused on the human body detection module with ultrasonic sensors to detect the usage of toilets and the management system to control the state of the toilets of the entire building. The proposed human body sensing module consists of the detection sensor to detect the movement of human body and the contact sensor to detect the position in a certain distance. The management system is configured of the control unit to process the signal transmitted from sensors, opening and closing valves according to the sensing signal, and the short range wireless communication unit to save the operational status data as well as transmit the data at regular intervals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study investigated the job-centered curriculum in the Department of Physiotherapy at the University of Brighton, England, to examine NCS (national competency standards) curriculum in physiotherapy. METHODS: The researcher visited the University of Brighton from September 2015 to May 2016 and conducted interviews with faculty members. Data were collected through the university's website and the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. RESULTS: The undergraduate program is a three-year program and with a module system. There is a course leader for each module. Each grade requires 120 credits (10 hours per credit) and credit hours can be earned through lectures, tutorials, practical sessions, self-directed e-learning, group work, inter-professional classes, and seminars. Clinical placement is carried out six times during 3 years, for a total of 32 weeks, 35 hours per week, 1120 hours in total. Students are enrolled as a student members of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy and are covered by professional liability insurance during clinical placement. The Center for Teaching and Learning holds regular workshops to discuss curriculum and module design, conduct course reviews, and review student assessment and feedback. All courses at the university must be approved, monitored annually, and re-approved every 5 years. CONCLUSION: This study can contribute to the development and operation of the NCS physiotherapy curriculum, as well as to the development of modules and assessment tools related to the application of this curriculum.