• 복식
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Price is one of the most important components of marketing mix. For consumers, price is an always-existing cue and definite evaluation criteria. However, information on price is meaningful only when it is perceived. Sources of price perception can be the actual retail price at the selling point, the internal reference price expected by consumers for a certain clothing product, and the external reference price advertised by marketer such as the price before mark-down. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of internal reference price on consumers' purchasing process of clothing products. A questionnaire including clothing stimuli was developed in order to assess consumers' internal reference price level. Usable data from 680 adult female urban residents were used for data analysis. Results indicated that consumers with relatively lower internal reference price tend to react low-price focused external reference price and use discount stores and unit price promotions. Consumers with relatively higher internal reference price advertisement are likely to have higher level of education, tend to infer price information to higher quality or prestige of products, and purchase clothing with regular retail price or coupons.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.645-654
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• 2013

This study investigated the difference of reference price, preference and quality perception of high functional underwear according to innovation cues. High functional underwear was selected as a research stimulus due to its technological innovative characteristics. A total of 93 male university students participated as subjects and data were collected by simple random experimental design operationalized with three types of innovation stimulus cues. Two types of internal reference price perception-expected price and fair price, preference, and 9 items of product quality perception-8 functional properties and overall quality of stimulus were measured with a questionnaire. The result supported the difference of reference price and quality perception by product innovation cue. The higher cue level group perceived two types of reference price and the overall quality higher than the lower cue level group. The difference of the expected price and fair price, the influence of functional properties on overall quality, and relations of the variables were discussed in depth.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2008

경제적 환경의 변화와 인터넷 등의 다양한 유통경로 등장으로 인해 경쟁이 심화되면서 가격은 아주 강력한 마케팅 수단이 되고 있다. 이에 따라 가격할인 등의 가격전략을 통해 소비자의 구매행동을 강화하는 현상을 볼 수 있는데, 많은 광고에서 가격할인 정보를 제시하면서 준거가격을 함께 제시하는 전략을 활발하게 사용하고 있다. 이에 따라 많은 연구들이 준거가격제시에 따른 광고효과를 검증하였는데, 본 연구에서는 기존의 제품에 한정된 준거가격 연구에서 확장하여 서비스 경우에 준거가격을 제시함에 따른 효과를 검증하고, 서비스의 명성에 따라 준거가격제시 방법에 따른 광고효과의 차이를 검증한다. 서비스의 명성과 준거가격제시 방법에 따른 실험을 설계하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 서비스 광고에서 준거가격을 제시하는 경우에 가격태도 및 이용의도가 높은 것으로 나타났는데, 서비스 명성이 높은 경우에는 준거가격을 제시하는 것 보다 할인율을 표시하는 것이 더 효과가 높으며, 서비스 명성이 낮은 경우에는 준거가격 제시만으로 광고효과가 높아짐을 볼 수 있다. 이를 통해 서비스 경우에는 그 명성에 따라 준거가격을 제시하는 방법과 관련한 전략적 관점이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2007

This study intended to determine how price-ending types used for menu products affected consumers' price evaluation and value perception and such behavioral intentions as purchase intention and search intention. The collected data went through statistical processing, including frequency analysis, factor analysis, T-test and ANOVA using an $SPSS/PC^+$ 12.0 statistical package. The results can be summarized as follows: First, as for differences in internal reference price by ending, internal reference price was lower if menu ending was an odd number than it was an even number, which indicates that consumers tend to consider the price of the menu products to be lower if the ending of menu products is an odd number. Second, menu price-ending was found to have significant differences on consumers' purchase intention, search intention, and value perception. But the results of two-way ANOVA showed that price ending by restaurant types had no effect on consumers' search intention and restaurant type. This study suggested a desirable external reference price-ending type for menu products as one of sales promotion strategies to menu products planners and drew up a concrete plan to determine which price-ending type is useful by consumers' personal properties.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2012

This paper discusses a clearance pricing on daily perishable products considering a reference price of consumers. The daily perishable products are sometimes sold at a discount price before closing time to stimulate demand when the number of unsold products is more than initially envisioned. The discount pricing results both in an increase of the revenue of the day and in a decrease of the disposal cost. The discounting, however, also declines a reference price of consumers which is a mental price and serves as an anchor price to judge if a current sales price is loss or gain for the consumers. An excess discounting decreases the demand for the products sold at a regular price in the future and diminishes long-term profit. This study conducts a mathematical analysis on the clearance pricing problem for a single period with stochastic variations both on demand and on the inventory level at clearance time. The expected profit function especially depends on the response of consumers to the clearing price against their reference prices. A procedure is proposed to derive an optimal clearance price when consumers are loss-neutral. A sufficient condition is shown to obtain an optimal price for loss-averse and loss-seeking consumers by an analogous procedure.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제9권
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• pp.47-75
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 준거가격, 가격할인취지 및 가격-품질 연상 심리 수준이 가격할인 광고 의류제품의 속성 평가에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있다. 연구설계는 준거가격(제시, 미제시)$\times$가격할인취지(미제시, 재고처분, 판매촉진)$\times$가격-품질 연상 심리 수준(높은 집단, 낮은 집단)에 의한 피험자간 3원 요인설계에 의하였다. 조사대상자는 여자 대학생들로, 준거가격과 가격할인취지가 다르게 조작된 6개 자극물들 중의 1개 자극물에 노출 되어 광고된 의류제품의 속성들을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과 첫째, 의류제품의 봉제 및 직물과 라벨 속성 평가에는 준거가격 제시 유무, 가격할인취지, 가격-품질연상 심리 수준이 상호작용 하여 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 봉제 및 직물 속성과 라벨 속성 평가에 대한 준거가격 제시효과는 가격-품질연상이 낮은 집단에서는 가격할인취지가 제시되지 않았을 때 나타났으며, 가격-품질연상이 높은 집단 에서는 가격할인취지가 재고처분으로 제시되었을 때 나타났다. 셋째, 자켓 의류제품의 제작 속성 평가에 대한 준거가격 제시 유무, 가격할인취지, 가격-품질 연상 심리 수준의 상호작용 효과는 비유의적이었으며, 가격-품질 연상 심리 특성의 주효과만 발견되었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.877-888
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• 2002

Price is a product attribute, which is determined by the function of the producing cost and profit. It is also identified as one of the most important components of the marketing mix. For consumers, price is an always-existing cue, definite evaluation criteria, and easily accessible information in the purchasing process. Considering the concept of the clothing-price in a comprehensive perspective encompassing economic, psychological and marketing perspectives, a theoretical model was developed. The model includes souses and dimensions of price perception and related behaviors. Souses of price perception were: the actual retail price at selling point, the internal reference price and external reference price. The dimensions of price perception included sacrifice perception, economic value perception, inference, savings perception and price as information perception. Clothing price related behaviors that flowed these dimensions were: low price consciousness, value for money consciousness, price-quality inference, price-prestige inference, sale proneness and price mavenism. An empirical study was conducted to validate the theoretical model. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected from 680 adult women living in Seoul, Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis as well as exploratory factor analysis results showed that theorized price related behaviors were successful classifications.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2016

In this study, the notion of payment intention price was introduced and examined in relation with self-image congruence, clothing preference and two types of reference price: expected price and fair price. One hundred samples of female collegiate students participated in the group survey and responded to the instrument including variables of clothing image evaluation, clothing preference, reference price, payment intention price toward a one-piece dress as the stimulus, and ideal self-image perception. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and regressions were applied on data analysis. The results were as follow. Payment intention price was determined by clothing preference and fair price, and the explaining power of fair price was greater than clothing preference. One confirmatory path was observed that self-image congruence effects clothing preference, and then clothing preference effects payment intention price. The other confirmatory path was from expected price to fair price and fair price to payment intention price.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

It is difficult to determine an appropriate discount price for daily perishable products to increase profit from a long-term standpoint. Even if the discount pricing is efficient to increase profit of the day, consumers memorize the sales price and they might hesitate to purchase the product at a regular price the following day. The authors discussed the inventory clearance pricing for a single period in our previous study by constructing a mathematical model to derive an optimal sales price to maximize the expected profit by considering the reference price effect of demand. This paper extends the discussion to handle the discount pricing for multiple periods. A mathematical analysis is first conducted to reveal the properties on an objective function, which is the present value of total expected profits for multiple periods. An algorithm is then proposed to derive an optimal price for asymmetric consumers. Numerical experiments investigate the characteristics of the objective function and optimal pricings.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-81
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• 2012

묶음제품의 매력도를 증가시키기 위해 소비자들이 번들 오퍼에서의 가격 제시 프레이밍(framing)에 민감하다는 것을 이해할 필요가 있다. 동일 가격을 할인하더라도 묶음제품 요소 중 어느 요소에 가격할인을 표시하느냐에 따라 소비자의 묶음제품에 대한 지각된 매력도를 바꿀 수 있기 때문이다. 선행연구는 더 중요한 제품 요소에 할인이 할당될 때 효용이 증가한다는 주장과 덜 중요한 제품 요소에 할인을 위치시키는 것이 선호를 증가시킨다는 주장을 동시에 보이고 있다. 본 연구는 선행연구를 보완하여 묶음제품 가격 할인 제시 프레이밍효과에 대한 새로운 기제를 제시한다. 그리고 선행연구에서 믹스드(mixed)된 결론을 보이는 이유를 분석하여 밝힌다. 본 연구는 현실적인 번들링 전략 사용 상황을 고려하였으며, 좀 더 리얼한 번들링 세팅을 이용하여 가격 할인 제시 프레이밍 효과를 조사하고, 순수번들 및 혼합번들을 포함한 다양한 묶음제품을 이용하여 품질 불확실성 지각에 따른 조절효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 소비자들은 높은 소비 혜택(high consumption benefit)보다 낮은 소비 혜택(low consumption benefit) 요소에 가격 할인을 위치시키는 것을 더 선호하였다. 가격민감성(price sensitivity)이 주요혜택에서는 낮고, 낮은 혜택에서는 높기 때문에 동일 가격이 할인될 때 낮은 혜택을 할인한 매장 제품에 대한 평가가 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 구매 시점에서 품질의 불확실성(perceived uncertainty of product quality)이 높을수록 가격민감성이 혜택 지각에 가지는 효과가 더 커지고 있었다. 본 연구의 공헌은 소비 혜택 지각 및 가격민감성 기제와 지각된 품질 불확실성의 조절효과를 통해 선행연구를 통합하고, 가격 제시 형태의 프레이밍 효과를 명확하게 설명하였다는 점이다.