• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.667-689
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• 2016

본 연구는 학업성취도 국제비교평가에서 우리나라 학생들의 수학에 대한 높은 인지적 성취에도 불구하고 정의적 성취가 낮은 원인을 가치의 측면에서 탐색하기 위하여 초등학생과 학부모의 수학학습가치인식 검사 도구를 개발하여 초등학생과 학부모의 수학학습가치의 하위 요인을 밝히고 학부모와 자녀의 수학학습가치인식 간의 관계를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌 연구를 바탕으로 개발한 24개 문항의 검사지를 경기지역 초등학교 3,4,5학년 학생과 학부모 198쌍을 대상으로 조사한 결과, 초등학생의 수학학습가치는 내재가치, 사회적가치, 타인가치, 개인미래가치, 자신감가치 등 5개의 하위요인으로 구성되고, 초등학교 학부모의 수학학습가치는 초등학교 학생의 사회적가치가 사회적도구가치와 사회적의무가치로 분리되어 총 6개의 하위 요인으로 구성된다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한 초등학교 학생과 학부모의 수학학습가치 인식 사이에 정적 상관이 있는 요인이 내재가치, 사회적도구가치, 개인미래가치, 타인가치라는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이 결과에 따라 우리나라 학생들의 긍정적인 수학학습가치 인식 향상을 위하여 학부모를 대상으로 한 체계적인 연구가 필요함을 제안하였다.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.83-102
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 수학과 독서를 활용한 수학 수업이 학생들에게 정의적으로 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 탐구하였다. 중학교 2학년 100명의 남학생을 대상으로 정의적 특성요소로 흥미, 자신감, 가치인식, 자기조절력, 수학 불안 5개 요인을 조사해보고, 상 중 하 수준별 학생들에게 수학과 독서수업이 미치는 영향을 탐구하였다. 또 사전 사후 검사 결과와 학생의 인터뷰를 통해 바람직한 독서를 활용한 수업 방안을 모색하였다.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-81
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• 2014

우리나라 학생들은 수학의 인지적 영역에서는 높은 성취를 보이지만 정의적 영역에서는 현저히 낮은 성취를 나타내고 있다. 본 논문에서는 수학의 정의적 영역 중 수학의 가치 교육 문제에 대하여 폴라니의 인식론을 바탕으로 논하였다. 폴라니의 인식론에서는 개인적 지식과 지식의 암묵적 차원을 강조한다. 그는 수학의 추상성, 일반성을 강조하였고, 수학의 발전은 공리적, 형식적 측면보다는 지적 아름다움과 열정에 의하여 안내된다고 하였다. 이러한 폴라니의 인식론의 관점에서 볼 때, 수학의 유용성, 실용성 등의 언어적 전달이나 표면적인 흥미 유발을 위한 활동은 본질적으로 가치 교육 및 수학 공부의 내재적 동기 부여에 한계가 있다. 수학 공부의 가치는 적절한 수학 문제에로의 몰입과 긴장, 그리고 문제가 해결되면서 따르는 기쁨, 환희를 맛보며 몸으로 체득하면서 배워야 하는 것이다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제15권1_2호
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• pp.425-434
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• 2004

Pattern recognition in three dimensional image is highly sensitive to assigned value and formation of voxels (pixels for two dimension case). However, occurred while digital imaging, digitization error leads to unpredictable noises in image data. Skeletonization, a powerful tool of pattern recognition, is sensitively dependent on boundary formation. Without successful controlling of the noises, the results of skeletonization can not be allowed as a stable solution. To minimize the effect of noises affecting to boundary formation, we developed a robust processing method useful in skeletonization technique for pattern recognition. Finally, we provide rigorous test results achieved throughout simulation on analytic three dimensional image.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.477-491
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• 2018

In this paper we study in-service teachers' and pre-service teachers' recognition the domain in the problem concerning the continuity of a function. By a questionnaire survey we find out that most of in-service teachers and pre-service teachers are understanding the continuity of a function as explained in high school mathematics textbook, in which the continuity was defined by and focused on comparing the limit with the value of the function. We also notice that this kind of definition for the continuity of a function makes them trouble to figure out whether a function is continuous at an isolated point, and to determine that a given function is continuous on a region by not considering its domain explicitly. Based on these results we made several suggestions to improve for in-service teachers and pre-service teachers to understand the continuity of a function more exactly, including an introduction of a more formal words usage such as 'continuous on a region' in high school classroom.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1824-1845
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• 2016

The GMM is a conventional approach which has been recently applied in many face recognition studies. However, the question about how to deal with illumination changes while ensuring high performance is still a challenge, especially with real-world databases. In this paper, we propose a Visual Observation Confidence (VOC) measure for robust face recognition for illumination changes. Our VOC value is a combined confidence value of three measurements: Flatness Measure (FM), Centrality Measure (CM), and Illumination Normality Measure (IM). While FM measures the discrimination ability of one face, IM represents the degree of illumination impact on that face. In addition, we introduce CM as a centrality measure to help FM to reduce some of the errors from unnecessary areas such as the hair, neck or background. The VOC then accompanies the feature vectors in the EM process to estimate the optimal models by modified-GMM training. In the experiments, we introduce a real-world database, called KoFace, besides applying some public databases such as the Yale and the ORL database. The KoFace database is composed of 106 face subjects under diverse illumination effects including shadows and highlights. The results show that our proposed approach gives a higher Face Recognition Rate (FRR) than the GMM baseline for indoor and outdoor datasets in the real-world KoFace database (94% and 85%, respectively) and in ORL, Yale databases (97% and 100% respectively).

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.357-369
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• 2007

Teachers and students' knowledge of zero was investigated through data collected from 16 preservice secondary mathematics teachers and 20 gifted secondary school students. Results showed that these teachers and students had an inadequate knowledge about zero. They exhibited a reluctance to accept zero as an attribute for classification, confusion as to whether or not zero is a number, and stable patterns of computational error. Although leachers and researchers have long recognized the value of analyzing student errors for diagnosis and remediation, students have not been encouraged to take advantage of errors as learning opportunities in mathematics instruction. The article suggests using errors as springboards for inquiry in action, discusses its potential contributions to mathematics instruction by analyzing students and preservice teachers errors related to zero.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.172-188
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• 1999

Mathematics has been usually recognized as value-neutral and anti-ideological subject, and as a result, it has not dealt with environmental problems clearly. Also, it is not easy to find any environment-related contents in the 7th mathematics curriculum. However, because mathematics is also precious human products and essence, in any ways there is a need to reflect the social issues in the mathematics subject which speak for human mental activities. If this need is admitted to change the mathematics contents to the direction of social issues, environmental problems can stand out and be dealt in the mathematics education. Among the 6 domains in the 7th mathematics curriculum, the environmental problems can be dealt with in the domains of ‘numbers and operation’, ‘letters and formulas’, ‘regularity and function’, ‘chances and statistics’, ‘measurement’ except in the domain of ‘diagrams’. Also, the '문장제들' which takes up a considerable part of mathematics textbooks needs the authentic situation, and thus it will be possible to take environmental situations as mathematical materials. Furthermore, one of the 7th mathematics curriculum is that it suggested further study in each level of each domain, the representative pattern of which is the application of the mathemantics contents to the daily life. With this kind of mathematics further study contents, environmental problems can provide a variety of contents for the further study. From this viewpoint, it can be expected that the contents of environmental education will be increased in the mathematics subject. Under the recognition that the mathematics subject cannot be an exception in considering environmental problems, this study has studied some concrete plans and examples for how the mathematics textbooks based on the 7th educational curriculum can deal with environmental Problems.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.1-36
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between utilization of technology and TPACK in mathematics teachers, and to analyze needs and retentions, difference between needs and retentions, and educational needs of TPACK in mathematics teachers. Furthermore, we will prioritize TPACK items that mathematics teachers want to change, and provide implications for teacher education related to TPACK in the future. To do this, we analyzed 328 mathematics teachers nationwide by using survey on the utilization of technology, averages of TPACK's needs and retentions, t-test of two averages, Borich's educational needs analysis, and the Locus for Focus model. The results are as follows. Firstly, the actual utilization rate was lower than the positive recognition of utilization of technology by mathematics teachers, and many mathematics teachers mentioned the lack of knowledge related to TPACK. Secondly, the characteristics of in-service mathematics teacher's needs and retentions for TPACK were clear, and TPACK's starting line of in-service mathematics teacher can be different from pre-mathematics teacher's. The retentions was high in the order of CK, PCK and PK, and the needs was higher in the order of TPACK, TCK, TK and TPK. All of the higher retentions were knowledge related to PCK, and the value of CK was extremely high among them. In addition, mathematics teachers recognized needs for integrated knowledge related to technology, and they needed more TCK than TPK. The difference between needs and retentions showed that all items except two items in the PK were significant. Retentions of all items in CK was higher than needs, needs of all items in TK, TCK, TPK and TPACK was higher than retentions, PK and PCK were mixed. Thirdly, based on the analysis of Borich's educational needs and the Locus for Focus model, teacher education on TPACK for mathematics teachers needs to focus on TPACK, TK, TCK, and TPK. Specifically, TPACK needs to combine technology in terms of creativity-convergence, mathematical connections, communication, improvement of evaluation quality, and TK needs to new technology acquisition, function of utilizing technology, troubleshoot problems with technology, TCK needs to mathematical value(esthetic, practical) with technology, and TPK needs to consider technology in terms of evaluation methods, teaching and learning methods, improvement of pedagogy. Therefore, when determining the direction of teacher education related to TPACK in the future, if they try to reflect these items in detail, the teachers could participate more actively and receive practical help.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

현재 학교수학이 추구하는 목표는 수학의 기본적인 지식과 기능을 습득하고 수학적으로 사고하는 능력을 길러 실생활의 여러 가지 문제를 합리적으로 해결할 수 있는 능력과 태도를 기르는 것이다. 이에 부합하기 위해서 본 연구는 협동학습 모델 중 개별화 학습프로그램이 큰 장점인 TAI 모델과 특별한 소집단 성적 산출로 인해 모든 소집단 구성원이 소집단 성공에 기여할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있는 STAD 모델을 혼합하여 새로운 모델을 제시하였다. 이 새로운 혼합모델을 학교 현장에 적용하여 학습자의 문제해결능력 및 정의적 영역에 있어서 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보았다.