• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2015

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood G. biloba, ring-porous wood A. altissima, and diffuse- porouswood D. kaki. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Radial flow speed was found highest in ray parenchyma of G. biloba. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of G. biloba was found the highest among all cells considered in D. kaki and A. altissima.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

한국산 아욱목 식물 4과, 5속 10종의 목부 해부학적 형질을 비교 관찰하여 과 및 속간의 목부의 특수화 정도를 검토하였다. 담팔수과 담팔수속의 목부는 산공재로서 각상 도관이 주로 방사배열(2-14 세포폭)이고 이관 및 반관유조직이 드물게 나타난다. 산공재로서 단독분포도관과 유조직이 계단상 1열대를 보이는 피나무과 식물 중 피나무속은 도관이 각상이고, 방사조직이 절화와 타일세포가 존재하며 장구밥나무속은 원형도관을 보인다. 아욱과 무궁화속은 환공재로 도관은 원형 단독분포이며 유조직이 2열로 나타난다. 그리고 벽오동과 벽오동속은 환공재로 원형 단독분포이며, 반관연합익상 및 이관 다열 유조직이 나타난다. 그리고 유조직에는 전분과립이 많이 나타난다. 도관요소의 배열, 모양, 길이, 직경 및 청공판 각도와 주축유조직의 분포 등의 특징에 의한 이들 과간의 계통순서는 담팔수과(담팔수속) 피나무과(피나무속 장구밥나무속) 아욱과(무궁화속) 벽오동과(벽오동속) 순으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

국내에서 재배된 케나프의 해부 물리적 특성을 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경 및 X선회절법으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 케나프는 사부에 인피섬유, 사부 방사조직, 피층 유세포, 사관요소 등이 존재하였고, 목부는 도관요소, 목섬유, 방사조직 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 관공은 고립 및 2~3개가 방사방향으로 복합한 것이 많이 존재하였고, 방사조직은 평복, 방형, 직립세포가 모두 분포하고 있었다. 수피부의 인피섬유 길이는 생장기간이 길어짐에 따라 점차 증가하였고, 목부 섬유의 길이는 평균 0.74~0.82 mm로써 생장기간과 줄기의 높이에 관계없이 거의 차이가 없었다. 상대결정화도는 사부가 53~74%, 목부가 43~58%인 것으로 나타났으며, 셀룰로오스의 결정폭은 사부가 2.68~3.24 nm, 목부가 2.46~2.95 nm 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 케나프 줄기의 높이가 증가함에 따라 생재함수율과 생재밀도는 증가하였으나, 기본밀도는 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.163-165
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• 1988

단막공(單膜孔)을 지니는 후막(厚膜)의 타일로시스가 삼나무형(型) 또는 편백형(型) 분야막공(分野膜孔)을 나타내는 낙우송(落羽松)의 수간(樹幹) 춘재(春材) 가도관(假導管)에서 관찰(觀察)되었으며 이러한 타일로시스는 방사유세포(放射柔細胞)가 가도관내강(假導管內腔)내로 확대(擴大) 침입(侵入)됨으로써 형성(形成)되는 것으로 여겨졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2014

소나무의 가도관과 유연벽공의 미세구조를 연구하는데 공초점반사현미경법을 이용하여 획득한 3차원 화상을 사용하였다. 가도관 유연벽공의 토러스, 마르고, 벽공연의 미세구조가 명확하게 관찰되었으며, 교분야벽공의 미세구조로 가도관과 방사유세포 사이의 연결구조 및 방사유세포 내의 역학적 지지구조도 관찰할 수 있었다. 가도관 세포벽의 3차원 화상에서는 S1, S2, S3층과 이 층들의 사이에 있는 이행층의 존재도 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 S3층과 S2층의 마이크로 피브릴 배향의 관찰이 가능하였고, 유연벽공 주변의 복잡한 마이크로피브릴 배향 특성도 직접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과 공초점반사현미경법은 소나무 가도관의 세포벽, 유연벽공, 교분야벽공의 미세구조를 연구하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있는 현미경 기법으로 여겨졌다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2003

Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivar, Tainung 2, had been grown for 152 days at the experimental farm of Jinju National University, Gajoa-dong, Jinju-si, Kyongnam, Korea. The planting, growth rate, fertilization and structural characteristics as well as the cultivation and growth characteristics of kenaf, and the product usage were investigated. The narrowest diameter at kenaf bottom was 10 mm, the widest 42 mm and the average about 28 mm, and the shortest height 150 cm, the tallest 480 cm and the average about 350 cm. The weight of a core fraction was 68.1％ and a bast fraction 31.9％. The weight ratio of core material to bast fiber was 2.31. The weight ratio of dry stem was 73.5％ and that of leaves 26.5％. The weight of dry plant produced in 1 $m^2$ was 1,467 g, and about 1,052 g of stem could be used for the commercial purpose, The application of fertilizers resulted in the increase of the growth rate of the diameter at plant bottom and the height. Bast fiber, phloem ray and cortex parenchyma cell were observed in bast, and vessel, wood fiber and ray in core.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2006

The heartwood of cengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) is known to have a high degree of decay resistance by virtue of its high extractive content. After 30 years in ground contact an utility pole of this tropical hardwood was found to be degraded only in the surface layers by cavity-forming soft rot fungi. The present work was undertaken 1) to characterize the degradation of cengal heartwood from the aspect of ultrastructure and chemistry and 2) to investigate the correlation between soft rot decay and its extractive microdistribution in wood tissues. The chemical analysis of cengal heartwood revealed the presence of a high amount of extractives as well as lignin. The wood contained a relatively high amount of condensed lignin and the guaiacyl units. Microscopic observations revealed that vessels, fibers and parenchyma cells (both ray and axial parenchyma) all contained extractives in their lumina, but in variable amounts. The lumina of fibers and most axial parenchyma were completely or almost completely filled with the extractives. TEM micrographs showed that cell walls were also impregnated with extractives and that pit membranes connecting parenchyma cells were well coated and impregnated with extractives. However, fungal hyphae were present in the extractive masses localized in cell lumina, and indications were that the extractives did not completely inhibit fungal growth. The extent of cell wall degradation varied with tissue types. The fibers appeared to be more susceptible to decay than vessels and parenchyma. Middle lamella was the only cell wall region which remained intact in all cell types which were severely degraded. The microscopic observations suggested a close correlation between extractive microdistribution and the pattern and extent of cell wall degradation. In addition to the toxicity to fungi, the physical constraint of the extractive material present in cengal heartwood cells is likely to have a profound effect on the growth and path of invasion of colonizing fungi, thus conferring protection to wood by restricting fungal entry into cell walls. The presence of relatively high amount of condensed lignin is also likely to be a factor in the resistance of cengal heartwood to soft rot decay.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2014

Stem and root of Lindera erythrocarpa were described and compared in the wood anatomical aspects. Root wood appeared to differ from stem wood in the qualitative features of growth ring boundary, extraneous materials in vessel element and ray parenchyma cell, outline of ray, and sheath cell. In the quantitative features, there were differences between these two tissues in vessels per square millimeter, tangential diameter of vessel lumina, length of vessel element, and width of ray. These wood anatomical differences between stem above ground and root below ground were thought to be attributed to their different growth environments.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Metasequoia glyptostroboides, diffuse-porous wood Anthocephalus cadamba and ring-porouswood Fraxinus rhynchophylla. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction, tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of Metasequoia glyptostroboides was found the highest among all cells considered in Anthocephalus cadamba and Fraxinus rhynchophylla In radial direction, ray parenchyma of Metasequoia glyptostroboides was found the highest depth and the one of Fraxinus rhynchophylla was the lowest. The solution was penetrated lowest depth in the wood fiber of Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The large vessel of Fraxinus rhynchophylla was found the lowest depth among the vessels. The solutin was penetrated to the wood fiber of Anthocephalus cadamba higher than the one of Fraxinus rhynchophylla.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2017

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Larix kaempferi (Lamb.)Carriere, diffuse-porous wood Betula davurica Pall.. and ring-porouswood Castanea crenata S.etZ. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction, tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of Larix kaempferi was found the highest among all cells considered in Betula davurica and Castanea crenata, In radial direction, ray parenchyma of Larix kaempferi was found the highest depth and the one of Betula davurica was the lowest. The solution was penetrated lowest depth in the wood fiber of Castanea crenata. The large vessel of Castanea crenata was found the lowest depth among the vessels. The solutin was penetrated to the wood fiber of Betula davurica higher than the one of Castanea crenata.