• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2024

Purpose: As environmental and social problems such as disasters caused by climate change and the rapid transition to an ultra-aging society are rapidly emerging, the voluntary participation of citizens in civil society is a good alternative to solve various social problems, and the necessity and role of volunteering is gradually being emphasized. Research design, data, and methodology: This study examined the motivation and satisfaction of volunteer participation and conducted a comparison analysis, focusing on the 2013 Beautiful Store Volunteer Satisfaction Survey and the 2021 Volunteer Satisfaction Survey data. Results: To summarize the main results of the study, first, the motivation to start volunteering was to respond that the individual's subjective disposition influenced the motivation to start volunteering. Second, volunteer participants were able to gain recognition and psychological comfort through volunteer activities. In addition, the satisfaction of the part that increases the confidence of volunteer participants can be seen as a positive change in volunteer work. Third, in relation to the continuity of volunteer work, it was found that problems related to managers and conflicts between organizations and individuals were largely emerging as factors that caused them to quit volunteering. Conclusions: Volunteers should be more interested in cooperation and communication and promote discussions on improvement for sustainable service in communication between other volunteers and managers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to derive a plan to improve the standard of survey cost, which is a system for estimating survey cost operated by the National Geographic Information Institute. The current standard has not been revised significantly since the initial enactment. However, in the situation where the survey industry is getting worse, the actualization of the standard is an urgent task for training engineers and industrial development. In this study, in order to break the problems of the standard and to derive improvement plan, we analyzed the outline, basic characteristics, and history of the standard and compared it with similar domestic ones. We collected opinions from the government and the industry through a survey, and verified labor cost and overhead rates. The conclusions are as follows. First, it is necessary to complement standard for production rate that directly affects direct cost, and to compensate for the missing items in the direct cost. Second, when compared with cost standards in foreign countries and cadastre field, the labor cost in survey field was found to be very low and improvement is needed. Third, the overhead rates were assessed to be appropriate, and the problem of improper overhead design should be coped with by strengthening education and promotion. Fourth, it is necessary to consider the introduction of deliberation committee or standard market price system for rapid response to new technologies.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.3
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• pp.287-316
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• 1999

Cyberspace permits us to more beyond traditional face-to-face, mail and telephone surveys, yet still to examine basic issues regarding the quality of data collection: sampling, questionnaire design, survey distribution, means of response, and database creation. This article address each of these issues by contrasting and comparing traditional survey methods(Paper-and-Pencil) with Internet or Personal Computer networks-mediated (Screen-and-Keyboard) survey methods also introduces researchers to this revolutionary and innovative tool and outlines a variety of practical methods for using the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. The revolution in telecommunications technology has fostered the rapid growth of the Internet all over the world. The Internet is a massive global network and comprising many national and international networks of interconnected computers. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks could be the comprehensive interactive tool that will facilitate the development of the skills. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks provides a virtual frontier to expand our access to information and to increase our knowledge and understanding of public opinion, political behavior, social trends and lifestyles through survey research. Comparable to other technological advancements, the Internet or Personal Computer Networks presents opportunities that will impact significantly on the process and quality of survey research now and in the twenty-first century. There are trade-offs between traditional and the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey. The Internet or Personal Computer Networks is an important channel for obtaining information for target participants. The cost savings in time, efforts, and material were substantial. The use of the Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey tool will increase the quality of research environment. There are several limitations to the Internet or Personal Computer Network survey approach. It requires the researcher to be familiar with Internet navigation and E-mail, it is essential for this process. The use of Listserv and Newsgroup result in a biased sample of the population of corporate trainers. However, it is this group that participates in technology and is in the fore front of shaping the new organizations of interest, and therefore it consists of appropriate participants. If this survey method becomes popular and is too frequently used, potential respondents may become as annoyed with E-mail as the sometimes are with mail survey and junk mail. Being a member of the Listserv of Newsgroup may moderate that reaction. There is a need to determine efficient, effective ways for the researcher to strip identifiers from E-mail, so that respondents remain anonymous, while simultaneously blocking a respondent from responding to a particular survey instrument more than once. The optimum process would be on that is initiated by the researcher : simple, fast and inexpensive to administer and has credibility with respondents. This would protect the legitimacy of the sample and anonymity. Creating attractive Internet or Personal Computer Networks survey formats that build on the strengths of standardized structures but also capitalize on the dynamic and interactive capability of the medium. Without such innovations in survey design, it is difficult to imagine why potential survey respondents would use their time to answer questions. More must be done to create diverse and exciting ways of building an credibility between respondents and researchers on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. We believe that the future of much exciting research is based in the Electronic survey research. The ability to communicate across distance, time, and national boundaries offers great possibilities for studying the ways in which technology and technological discourse are shaped. used, and disseminated ; the many recent doctoral dissertations that treat some aspect of electronic survey research testify to the increase focus on the Internet or Personal Computer Networks. Thus, scholars should begin a serious conversation about the methodological issues of conducting research In cyberspace. Of all the disciplines, Internet or Personal Computer Networks, emphasis on the relationship between technology and human communication, should take the lead in considering research in the cyberspace.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1730-1738
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• 2011

Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) has emerged as a promising alternative transportation mode for transit-oriented sustainable communities by creating compact and walkable environments with competitive construction and operational costs. This study seeks to capture the changes in travel mode choice behavior in response to the introduction of PRT to travelers who have no previous experience of using it. A critical issue in modeling the PRT mode choice is how to capture travelers' perception and evaluation of the unexperienced travel mode. The data used come from questionnaire surveys, in which RP (Revealed Preference) and SP (Stated Preference) data were collected in relation to travel mode choices with and without PRT systems. The questionnaire was designed especially for mitigating the potential bias in favor of or against choosing PRT. In addition, an efficient approach was proposed to reduce the number of SP questions by avoiding the complex fractional factorial design which tends to make it difficult for respondents to keep their attention throughout the survey. The analysis results show that the proposed approach is able to realistically capture the effects of explanatory variables on the travel mode choice. Discrete choice models are developed to predict travelers' mode choices under different choice scenarios by varying PRT system specifications and operational characteristics. PRT patronages are projected for two different test sites using the developed PRT mode choice models.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1978

For the purpose of estimating the status of physical growth of primary school students in Busan area, the author had performed an investigation and analysis on the physical integrated value for past 6 years of random sampled 656 students (male 374, female 282). The summarized results were as follows : 1. The most rapid growth age of body-height was 7-8 years old as 5.9 cm in male and 10-11 years old in female as 6.5 cm, and the growth curve of body-height was crossed at 10-11 years old. 2. The most rapid growth age of body-weight was 9-10 years old as 3.1 kg in male and 10-11 years old in female as 3.9 kg, and the growth curve of body-weight was crossed at 10-11 years old. 3. The most rapid growth age of chest-girth was 8-9 years old as 3.1 cm in male and 9-10 years old in female as 2.9 cm, and the growth curve of chest-girth was not corssed. 4. The most rapid growth age of sitting-height was 6-7 years old in both sex as 3.3 cm and 3.4 cm, and the growth curve of sitting-height was crossed at 8-9 years old. 5. Using the physical integrated value was much simple and desirable at comparing with the areas. And the physical integrated value of primary school students on Busan area compared to Korean standard physical status was relatively good as body-height +0.33, +0.30, body-weight +0.33,+0.35, chest-girth +0.65, +0.57 and sitting-height +0.10, +0.20 with each sex.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2014

Malondialdehyde (MDA), used as an oxidative stress marker, is commonly assayed by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) using HPLC, as an indicator of the MDA concentration. Since the HPLC method, though highly specific, is time-consuming and expensive, usually it is not suitable for the rapid test in large-scale environmental epidemiologic surveys. The purpose of this study is to develop a simple and rapid method for estimating TBARS levels by using a multiple regression equation that includes TBARS levels measured with a microplate reader as an independent variable. Twelve hour urine samples were obtained from 715 subjects. The concentration of TBARS was measured at three different wavelengths (fluorescence: ${\lambda}-_{ex}$ 530 nm and ${\lambda}-_{em}$ 550 nm; ${\lambda}-_{ex}$ 515 nm and ${\lambda}-_{em}$ 553 nm; and absorbance: 532 nm) using microplate reader as well as HPLC. 500 samples were used to develop a regression equation, and the remaining 215 samples were used to evaluate the validity of the regression analysis. The induced multiple regression equation is as follows: TBARS level (${\mu}M$) = -0.282 + 1.830 ${\times}$ (TBARS level measured with a microplate reader at the fluorescence wavelengths ${\lambda}-_{ex}$ 530 nm and ${\lambda}-_{em}$ 550 nm, ${\mu}M$) -0.685 ${\times}$ (TBARS level measured with a microplate reader at the fluorescence wavelengths ${\lambda}-_{ex}$ 515 nm and ${\lambda}-_{em}$ 553 nm, ${\mu}M$) + 0.035 ${\times}$ (TBARS level measured with a microplate reader at the absorbance wavelength 532 nm, ${\mu}M$). The estimated TBARS levels showed a better correlation with, and are closer to, the corresponding TBARS levels measured by HPLC compared to the values obtained by the microplate method. The TBARS estimation method reported here is simple and rapid, and that is generally in concordance with HPLC measurements. This method might be a useful tool for monitoring of urinary TBARS level in environmental epidemiologic surveys with large sample sizes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.586-596
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• 1998

The relevance and importance of buffalo production under coconut plantations in the North Westen Province of Sri Lanka was studied in three districts (Bingiriya, Pannala, Kuliyapitiya). The objective of the study was to collect baseline information on socioeconomic and cultural aspects of buffalo production, with a view to promote and disseminate new technologies. The survey technique used consisted of a formal survey using a structured questionnaire (71 households) and rapid appraisal (55 households). The results indicate the existence of a wide stratification of dariy farmers which ranged from skilled dairy operators with high levels of production and management of efficiency to marginal subsistence farmers with low levels of productivity. The most frequent family size of households ranged from 4-5 members (58%), and the average family size was 4.7. The actual average land ownership accounts to 2.4 ha of upland and 0.5 ha of lowland, but when their accessibility to common property resources are taken into account, the land availability was assessed at 13 ha and 0.7 ha of upland and lowland, respectively. The highest average monthly income (Rs. 13,590) was received by farmers with off-farm employment (primary) who are also engaged in livestock production (secondary), and livestock contributed 43% of the total income. Livestock farmers who practised integrated crop farming as a secondary source of income received a monthly income of Rs. 10,843, and those involved in crop production as the primary source received the lowest average income (Rs. 7,295). The survey revealed a high investment cost on concentrate feeds (47%) for milk production. However some farmers obtained higher milk yields (11 litres/cow/day) at lower ration costs, and this could be attributed to the entrepreneurship skills and management efficiency. The study area had a well developed market infrastructure for fresh milk, principally due to the existence of the Nestle's company and the Coconut Triangle Milk Union. On an average the producer collected Rs. 10 per litre of milk marketed.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 1993

This survey was carried out to take the status of seawater intrusion into groundwater wells located in the eastern area of Chejudo, to get the elementary data which may evaluate the level of would-be groundwater contamination, and to perform effective the effort that will supply the clear water for the residents. The sampling sites were northeastern districts of Haengwon, Handong, and Sangdo, southeastern districts of Susan, Nansan, and Samdal, and northwestern districts, as reference, of Aewol, Keumnung, Panpo, Kosan, Shindo, and Bosung. We collected the samples from the public tap water by month, and analysed electrical conductivity, sodium(Na), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), calcium(Ca), bicarbonate($HC0_{3^-}$), and items of the criteria as drinking water. In the northeastern districts we also added the sampling sites to survey the fluctuations of dissolved solids according to distance from seashore, including two private boreholes and one public tap water of Dukchun. The result is as follows 1) In the northeastern district, the concentration of chloride ion showed large fluctations from 40mg/l to 100mg/l, but suitable for the criteria of drinking water. It was thought that the drought influenced. 2) In the Sangdo of the northeastern districts, similar tendancy to Hangwon and Handong was showed only in the concentration of chloride ion, but different tendancy was showed in chloride-bicarbonate ratio, calcium-magnesium ratio, and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR). Considering these facts, it was not thought that seawater intruded. 3) The components of Na and Cl showed rapid slope in the northeastern districts above 3km from seashore. 4) In the northwestern districts as reference, the concentration of chloride ion fluctuated slightly according to the sampling sites and dates, and the concentration of nitrate-nitrogen in some sites exceeded the criteria of drinking water. These were thought that the surface contaminants rather than the intrusion of seawater influenced mainly the groundwater, considering the correlation(r=0.732) of chloride ion and nitrate-nitrogen. 5) Then we must consider the regional characteristies of soil profile in order to prevent the contamination of groundwater, and moniter also the movement of main components within the sol1 profile, not only the research of the intrusion of seawater.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 1994

As the hospital environment is changing rapidly, management is therefore obligated to use new ways to provide better service to patients. For example information system is introduced to some hospitals in Korea. Information system has several benefits such a soperational efficiency by on-line delivery and processing of data, accurate and rapid information production, continuous monitoring of performance and feedback, improvement of work process and better service quality. Still, many hospitals cannot be sure that information system is useful for improving organization performance. Because only one or two area of hospital information system were considered for development and with limited development hospital information system cannot be used effectively. The purpose of this study is to suggest the model of information system utilizaton and to analyze the hospital in formation system in Korea. The results are following; 1. In Korea, proportion of operating system of comuter is 31% of UNIX, 11% of IBM OS and 10% of PC LAN. 2. As we expect, scope of application software and amounts of heardware and software invest ments are affected by concern of CEO. 3. Many CIO(chief information officer) say that the biggest problems are lack of after-service and obsolescence of computer equipments in terms of hardware and shortage of application software for hospital in terms of software. 4. Personnel of information system department is so small that hospital information system can't be improved. 5. During the development of information system, full-time participation of end user is only 20% hospital with almost less than 12 person-month. This study was accomplished by survey through mail questionnaires. Response to the survey was only 55% and it was hard to generalize all the result obtained from this survey. However, We hope that this study would be helpful for helth care organization to acknowlege hospital information system in korea and to design the future architecture and frame of information system.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2002

It is an important task to give adequate nutritions to infants and to wean properly for rapid growth. This study was conducted to survey on doing the weaning activities of the first-time mother. This study was to provide basic data of health teaching and nursing intervention for the promotion of ideal weaning activities. Survey was done from January to February in 2001. Total 444 mothers who have first-time baby under twelve month old were interviewed in five community health center around contry (Seoul, Choung-ju, Asan, Cheon-an, Jeju). The results are summarized as follows; Starting time of weaning was common in four month old(40.4%). Most common daily weaning times by age showed once(under 3 months), twice(4 to 7 months), three times(8 to 12 months). The younger, the more commercial weaning products(p<0.01). Education level showed relatively positive relation with home-made weaning food(p<0.05). Items showed low scores in 4 to 7 months group were starting new food item, waiting at least one week interval to new food, feeding by milk bottle, allowing grasping spoon, consulting pediatrician for problems after weaning, starting from morning, regular schedule. Items showed low scores in 8 to 12 months group were feeding whole egg rather than yolk only up to 12 months, keeping weaning interval were increased, feeding by milk bottle, trying various cooking method, not giving commerical cooking and instant food and unproper raw milk feeding. In weaning activities by general factors, mother age, health status, marriage duration, monthly income were statistically significant (p<0.05). To improve good weening activities, targetting on low maternal age and poor health status, and low income group, developing teaching materials and training program for items showed low scores and proper weaning time, type of easy home-made food and easy cooking method should be provided. Further study on effect of nursing intervention to improve weaning activities are needed.