• Language and Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2001

Generic sentences assert generic properties of single individuals or those of plural individuals. It means the generic quantifier Gen can quantify over single and plural entities. Among the generic meaning information represented in terms of the tripartite structure, the information not in the nuclear scope part, but rather in the restrictor part is related to which individuals generic sentences assert of. The plurality in the nuclear scope part cannot be described by making the generic operator Gen quantify over plural entities: Generic sentences with collective predicates like gather, and those with dependent plurals predicate of generic properties of single individuals. On the contrary, the plural information in restrictor part leads Gen to quantify eve. plural entities.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.5 s.27
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

Change is inevitable and is a reality of construction projects. Most construction contracts include change clauses and allowing contractors an equitable adjustment to the contract price and duration caused by change. However, the actions of a contractor can cause a loss of productivity and furthermore can result in disruption of the whole project because of a cumulative or ripple effect. Because of its complicated nature, it becomes a complex issue to determine the cumulative impact (ripple effect) caused by single or multiple change orders. Furthermore, owners and contractors do not always agree on the adjusted contract price for the cumulative Impact of the changes. A number of studies have attempted to quantify the impact of change orders on project costs and schedule. Many of these attempted to develop regression models to quantify the loss. However, regression analysis has shortcomings in dealing with many qualitative or noisy input data. This study develops ANN models to classify and quantify the labor productivity losses that are caused by the cumulative impact of change orders. The results skew that ANN models give significantly improved performance compared to traditional statistical models.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2010

Readily available high resolution brain MRI scans allow detailed visualization of the brain structures. Researchers have focused on developing methods to quantify shape differences specific to diseased scans. We have developed a novel method to quantify shape information for a specific population based on Multidimensional scaling(MDS). MDS is a well known tool in statistics and here we apply this classical tool to quantify shape change. Distance measures are required in MDS which are computed from pair-wise image registrations of the training set. Registration step establishes spatial correspondence among scans so that they can be compared in the same spatial framework. One benefit of our method is that it is quite robust to errors in registrations. Applying our method to 13 brain MRI showed clear separation between normal and diseased (Cushing's syndrome). Intentionally perturbing the image registration results did not significantly affect the separability of two clusters. We have developed a novel method to quantify shape based on MDS, which is robust to image mis-registration.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2004

Four solar stills that were fabricated each with cubes and glazing tilted angles of $15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;60^{\circ}$, were compared with the quantities of condensed water. The quantifies of condensed water were analysed with the weather conditions and temperatures for three months. On fine days, the quantify of average condensed water was more similar to those of $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ than to those of $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. The quantity of condensed water produced by those of $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ were very irregular compared to those of $15^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$. On rainy days, the quantify of condensed water was the most in that of $30^{\circ}$ than those of the other angles and in cloudy, rainy and sunny conditions, the condensation quantify was the largest in that of $60^{\circ}$.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.1155-1162
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• 2004

This research proposes a new risk analysis method in order to guarantee successful performance of construction projects. The proposed risk analysis methods consists of four phases. First step, AHP model can help contractors decide whether or not they bid for a project by analysing risks involved in the project. Second step, the influence diagraming, decision tree and Monte Carlo simulation are used as tools to analyze and evaluate project risks quantitatively. Third step, Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess risk for groups of activities with probabilistic branching and calendars. Finally, Fuzzy theory suggests a risk management method for construction projects, which is using subjective knowledge of an expert and linguistic value, to analyze and quantify risk. The result of study is expected to improve the accuracy of risk analysis because three factors, such as probability, impact and exposure, for estimating membership function are introduced to quantify each risk factor. Consequently, it will help contractors identify risk elements in their projects and quantify the impact of risk on project time and cost.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.39-44
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• 1983

The main issue of his paper is to quantify the compatability between man and machine in a system. This paper offers an evaluation model derived from transfer function of control system, and shows a methodology of applying efficiency for man and machine to the model to quantify the compatability of a system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2011

A method for the rapid detection and quantification of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) produced in an animal cell culture-based production system was developed to enhance the speed of the NDV vaccine manufacturing process. A SYBR Green I-based real-time RT-PCR was designed with a conventional, inexpensive RT-PCR kit targeting the F gene of the NDV LaSota strain. The method developed in this study was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and robustness. The validation results satisfied the predetermined acceptance criteria. The validated method was used to quantify virus samples produced in an animal cell culture-based production system. The method was able to quantify the NDV samples from mid- or late-production phases, but not effective on samples from the early-production phase. For comparison with other quantifiable methods, immunoblotting, plaque assay, and tissue culture infectious dose 50 ($TCID_{50}$) assay were also performed with the NDV samples. The results demonstrated that the real-time RT-PCR method is suitable for the rapid quantification of virus particles produced in an animal cell-culture-based production system irrespective of viral infectivity.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.25-30
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• 2001

The liquid fuel film on the cylinder liner is believed to be a major source of engine-out hydrocarbon emissions in SI engines, especially during cold start and warm-up period. Quantifying the liquid fuel film on the cylinder liner is essential to understand the engine-out hydrocarbon emissions formation in SI engines. In this research, two-dimensional visualization was carried out to quantify liquid fuel film on the quartz liner in an SI engine test rig. The visualization was based on laser-induced fluorescence and total reflection. Using a quartz liner and a special lens, only the liquid fuel on the liner was visualized. The calibration technique was developed to quantify the fluorescence signal with the thickness gage and the calibration device. The fluorescence intensity increases linearly with increase in the fuel film thickness on the quartz liner. Using this technique, the distribution of the fuel film thickness on the cylinder liner was measured quantitatively for different valve lifts and injected fuel mass in the test rig.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

Recently, Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) has focused on developing quality control guidelines for all commercial products in Korea to enforce regulations, improve the quality control, and protect consumers by developing prevalently used and efficient analytical tools to determine and quantify target compounds. Because the Korean Pharmacopeia (KP) presents microbiological assays for biotin, which is laborious and time-consuming, this study is focused on applying HPLC-UV to detect and quantify biotin in complex drugs and dietary supplements like multi-vitamin. Biotin in complex drugs was extracted from methanol and analyzed using mobile phase with 10 mM potassium phosphate (monobasic, pH=3.0) in distilled water and acetonitrile. Gradient condition was used to successfully detect and quantify biotin within 20 minutes. Validation result for linearity was significant that average $r^2$ was 0.999 (n=3) and its relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.0578% which was less than 2%. Using this method, quantification of biotin in complex drugs was completed successfully and recovery tests were finished that recovery percentage greater than 95% with relative standard deviation less than 2%.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.34-39
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• 2016

This paper presents a method to quantify R-ratio effect on J-integral under large-amplitude cyclic loading condition. Generally, monotonic tearing resistance curves are used to assess stability of cracked nuclear piping under seismic loading. However, it is well known that fracture toughness decrease at cyclic loading condition, according to R-ratio. For this reason, it is important to quantify the J-R curves under cyclic loading condition. To quantify the R-ratio effect, correction method which was proposed by Tranchand is considered. This method considers crack opening area in order to calculate modified J-integral. This method leads to an increase of fracture toughness. At R=-0.5 case, this method is good agreement with monotonic J-R curves. However, results show that this method has a limit to apply a large R-ratio case.