• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1974

귀환 펄스 선형증폭기에 단계전압과 방사능검출기에서 나오는 펄스 전압이 인가되었때 경우의 이득안정도에 관하여 해석검토 하였다. 방사능 검출기의 일부를 이루고 있는 광전증배관의 양극회로에서 형성되는 파형을 나타내는 식을 유도 하였으며 귀환 증폭기가 하나의 시정수와 두 개의 시정수를 가졌을 경우에 관하여 해석하였고 이 들을 비교 검토하였다. 이들 빠른 입력펄스전압이 귀환증폭기에 인가되면 출력전압의 선형도와 안정도는 증폭기의 rise time와, 2∼3배가 경과하여야 귀환효과가 나타난다. 이 제한을 줄이기 위하여는 귀환증폭기의 rise time을 계측할려는 입력 펄스의 폭보다 적도록 설계하여야 한다는 것을 증명하였다. 이상의 이론은 선형증폭기의 기본증폭단으로 설계된 고렬전압 귀환증폭단에도 그대로 적용굴을 보였으며 이 증폭단의 입력저항이 적을수록 이득안정도가 좋아짐을 보였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.2023-2030
• /
• 2022

A novel pulse fitting analysis (PFA) method is presented for the acquisition of nuclear spectra. The charging process of the feedback capacitor in the resistive feedback charge-sensitive preamplifier is equivalent to the impulsive pulse, and its impulse response function (IRF) can be obtained by non-linear fitting of the falling edge of the nuclear pulse. The integral of the IRF excluding the baseline represents the energy deposition of the particles in the detector. In addition, since the non-linear fitting process in PFA method is difficult to achieve in the conventional architecture of spectroscopy system, a new multi-channel analyzer (MCA) based on Zynq SoC is proposed, which transmits all the data of nuclear pulses from the programmable logic (PL) to the processing system (PS) by high-speed AXI-Stream in order to implement PFA method with precision. The linearity of new MCA has been tested. The spectrum of ¹³⁷Cs was obtained using LaBr₃(Ce) scintillator detector, and was compared with commercial MCA by ORTEC. The results of tests indicate that the MCA based on PFA method has the same performance as the commercial MCA based on pulse height analysis (PHA) method and excellent linearity for γ-rays with different energies, which infers that PFA method is an effective and promising method for the acquisition of spectra. Furthermore, it provides a new solution for nuclear pulse processing algorithms involving regression and iterative processes.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.48-55
• /
• 2017

Background: Simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays have become much more practicable, by taking advantage of good gamma-ray discrimination properties using pulse shape discrimination (PSD) technique. Recently, we introduced a commercial CLYC system in Korea, and performed an initial characterization and simulation studies for the CLYC detector system to provide references for the future implementation of the dual-mode scintillator system in various studies and applications. Materials and Methods: We evaluated a CLYC detector with 95% $^6Li$ enrichment using various gamma-ray sources and a $^{252}Cf$ neutron source, with validation of our Monte Carlo simulation results via measurement experiments. Absolute full-energy peak efficiency values were calculated for gamma-ray sources and neutron source using MCNP6 and compared with measurement experiments of the calibration sources. In addition, behavioral characteristics of neutrons were validated by comparing simulations and experiments on neutron moderation with various polyethylene (PE) moderator thicknesses. Results and Discussion: Both results showed good agreements in overall characteristics of the gamma and neutron detection efficiencies, with consistent ~20% discrepancy. Furthermore, moderation of neutrons emitted from $^{252}Cf$ showed similarities between the simulation and the experiment, in terms of their relative ratios depending on the thickness of the PE moderator. Conclusion: A CLYC detector system was characterized for its energy resolution and detection efficiency, and Monte Carlo simulations on the detector system was validated experimentally. Validation of the simulation results in overall trend of the CLYC detector behavior will provide the fundamental basis and validity of follow-up Monte Carlo simulation studies for the development of our dual-particle imager using a rotational modulation collimator.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.360-365
• /
• 2020

A technique for the reduction of pulse pile-up effect in digital pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) of neutrons and gamma-rays with organic scintillation detectors is presented. The technique is based on an electronic reduction of the effective decay-time constant of scintillation pulses while retaining the PSD information of the pulses. The experimental results obtained with a NE213 liquid scintillation detector in a mixed radiation field of neutrons and gamma-rays are presented, demonstrating a figure of merit (FOM) of 1.20 ± 0.05 with an energy threshold of 350 keVee (electron equivalent energy) when the effective length of the pulses is reduced to 50 ns.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 1973

부귀환펄스선형증폭기에 단계전압과 방사능검출기에서 나오는 펄스와 같이 빠른 펄스를 인가하였을 경우의 이득 안정도에 관하여 해석하였고 실험하였다. 이들 빠른 입력전압이 부귀환증폭기에 인가되면 출력전압의 선형도와 안정도는 증폭기의 rise time의 수배가 경과하여야 부귀효과가 나타난다. 이 제한을 주리기 위하여는 부귀환증폭기의 rise time을 계측할려는 입력펄스의 폭보다 적도록 설계하여야 한다는 것을 표시하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권10호
• /
• pp.2346-2352
• /
• 2020

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the noninvasive method to diagnose osteoporosis disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. Many global companies and research groups have developed the various DXA detectors using a direct photon-counting detector such as a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) sensor. However, this approach using CZT sensor has some drawback such as the limitation of scalability by high cost and the loss of efficiency due to the requirement of a thin detector. In this study, a SiPM based DXA system was developed and its performance evaluated experimentally. The DXA detector was composed of a SiPM sensor coupled with a single LYSO scintillation crystal (3 × 3 × 2 ㎣). The prototype DXA detector was mounted on the dedicated front-end circuit consisting of a voltage-sensitive preamplifier, pulse shaping amplifier and constant fraction discriminator (CFD) circuit. The SiPM based DXA detector showed the 34% (at 59 keV) energy resolution with good BMD accuracy. The proposed SiPM based DXA detector showed the performance comparable to the conventional DXA detector based on CZT.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권10호
• /
• pp.3421-3430
• /
• 2021

Spherical NaI(Tl) detectors are used in gamma-ray spectrometry, where the gamma emissions come from the nuclei with energies in the range from a few keV up to 10 MeV. A spherical detector is aimed to give a good response to photons, which depends on their direction of travel concerning the detector center. Some distortions in the response of a gamma-ray detector with a different geometry can occur because of the non-uniform position of the source from the detector surface. The present work describes the calibration of a NaI(Tl) spherical detector using both an experimental technique and a numerical simulation method (NSM). The NSM is based on an efficiency transfer method (ETM, calculating the effective solid angle, the total efficiency, and the full-energy peak efficiency). Besides, there is a high probability for a source-to-detector distance less than 15 cm to have pulse coincidence summing (CS), which may occur when two successive photons of different energies from the same source are detected within a very short response time. Therefore, γ-γ ray CS factors are calculated numerically for a ¹⁵²Eu radioactive cylindrical source. The CS factors obtained are applied to correct the measured efficiency values for the radioactive volumetric source at different energies. The results show a good agreement between the NSM and the experimental values (after correction with the CS factors).

• 전기전자학회논문지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.532-538
• /
• 2018

본 논문은 자성센서 기반 지뢰탐지기를 개발하는 과정에서 필요한 신호처리 알고리즘을 제안한다. 탐지신호의 세기는 탐지 코일에 수신된 자기장의 변화량을 이용하여 얻는다. 표적이 없을 때 대비 표적이 있을 때의 상대적인 신호세기를 계산하기 때문에 표적이 없는 상태에서 calibration data를 만든다. 자기장은 장비 자체의 전기적인 잡음 또는 주변 환경의 영향을 받으므로 calibration을 지속적으로 수행하고 갱신하는 것이 중요하다. 마지막으로 표적에 의해 발생하는 신호크기의 변화량, 즉 단위 시간 당 그래프의 기울기 값이 일정 수준 이상 도달하는지 감시하여 정확한 탐지지점과 신호크기를 판별한다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.315-319
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 위치 민감형 광 증폭 다이오드로부터 나오는 신호를 증폭 및 파형 변화 후 신호의 크기를 검출하여 일정시간 동안 유지시키는 뒷단 회로 개발에 관한 연구이다. 신호발생기에서 발생한 소신호를 증폭 소자를 통한 안정적인 증폭 후 미분회로를 통하여 신호 파형을 검출하기 수월한 형태로 변형 하고, peak/hold 회로에서 피크의 최대점을 일정시간 유지하여 신호의 수집을 원활하게 하였다. 본 회로에 대한 독립적인 성능 평가를 위하여 상용 장비로부터의 검사신호를 입력으로 사용하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제50권7호
• /
• pp.1006-1016
• /
• 2018

Since the early forties, researchers from around the world have been studying the phenomenon of deadtime in radiation detectors. Many have attempted to develop models to represent this phenomenon. Two highly idealized models; paralyzable and non-paralyzable are commonly used by most individuals involved in radiation measurements. Most put little thought about the operating conditions and applicability of these ideal models for their experimental conditions. So far, there is no general agreement on the applicability of any given model for a specific detector under specific operating conditions, let alone a universal model for all detectors and all operating conditions. Further the related problem of pile-up is often confused with the deadtime phenomenon. Much work, is needed to devise a generalized and practical solution to these related problems. Many methods have been developed to measure and compensate for the detector deadtime count loss, and many researchers have addressed deadtime and pulse pile-up. The goal of this article is to summarize the state of science of deadtime; measurement and compensation techniques as proposed by some of the most significant work on these topics and to review the deadtime correction models applicable to present day radiation detection systems.