• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Consumer products are produced on the premise that consumers can use their products safely and effectively no matter how serious human errors they may make. However, different careers and educational experiences of them may induce diverse human errors when they want to use them. In that sense, not a few policies to reduce human errors may show some implications for human error prevention and industrial design of consumer products. In this paper, producers' safety efforts required by Product Liability(PL) Act were reviewed in view of human error prevention, and legal aspects of manufacturers' responsibility for consumer products were discussed in relation to Product Liability Act. Then, principal approaches for them were introduced under the title of System Safety Precedence. After that, major key points for preventing human errors related with consumer products - such as ergonomic design and effective labeling - were discussed with reference to ISO standards. Therefore, it was shown that all the efforts required by PL Act would be correspondent to human error prevention in the whole manufacturing processes if understood by ergonomists. To make a conclusion, it could be said that, for human error prevention, the principle of System Safety Precedence would be indispensable, and that all the efforts for preventing human errors should be systematically organized in Product Safety Management Systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the roadside agricultural product shops located in Miryang city, and to find out the current situation on how people rate the importance and satisfaction levels of various aspects through surveys on sellers and consumers. With this information, the main problems and possible solutions are analyzed with the Important Performance Analysis(IPA) method. First, building parking spaces for customers should be prioritized to improve safety. Because many roadside shops for agricultural products are located alongside two-lane roads, sufficient parking spaces are needed for the consumers' safety. Second, to enhance the rural landscape, consumers express that improving store quality and integrating more with the environment are important. Store owners should take more care in maintaining store quality so that customers do not experience inconvenience while shopping. Futhermore, institutional guidelines and standards must be implemented to allow for a more harmonious relationship between these shops and the environment. Third, both sellers and consumers think that taste, price, and freshness are important aspects of roadside agricultural product shops. However, while sellers and consumers both agree that the price is the most important factor, there is a discrepancy between these two groups regarding the satisfactory price level. The sellers do not agree that their products are being sold at the fair price. This can be interpreted as sellers believe that the prices are set too low. Because pricing is important aspect and also a very delicate issue, mid to long term consideration and study will be needed to improve roadside shops for agricultural products in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.1 s.33
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• pp.3-12
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• 1990

The purposes of this study were to determine the consumer dissatisfaction factors in the process of purchase and use of clothing, and to investigate the relationships between the dissatisfaction factors and selected variables-clothing importance, evaluative attributes, price, shopping stores. The research questionnaires selected from the pilot study were administered to 547 female subjects in the age of twenties. The dissatisfaction factors identified as a result of the factor analysis were as follows: (1) 'price' factor ($21.6\%$ of the total explained variance), (2) 'product assortment' factor ($21.5\%$), (3) 'purchase decision-making' factor ($19.9\%$), (4) 'quality' factor ($18.6\%$), (5) 'informa­tion and service' factor ($18.4\%$). By these five factors, the $34.7\%$ of the total variance were explained. The factors were validated by the multiple regression analysis. The purchase decision­making factor has the greatest explanatory power suggests that psychological aspects are more important to clothing dissatisfaction than any other objective aspects. The relationships between the dissatisfaction factors and the selected variables were found to be as follows: 1) The higher clothing importance scores, the higher product assortment related dissatisfac­tion score. 2) The higher the purchase price, the lower the price related dissatisfaction, but the higher the product assortment related dissatisfaction scores. 3) The department store and the national brand chain store shoppers had higher product assortment related dissatisfaction compared to the small retail store and discount store shoppers.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

Purpose - In the development of new products, suppliers involvement and developing products jointly can be said to be strategic activities that utilize the lack of knowledge from external organizations. In this new product development, supplier involvement has been proven to have a positive impact on new product development performance for a long time by previous research. However, sufficient academic research has not been conducted on the influence of supplier involvement in various product strategies or sales strategies that buyers make in order to secure a competitive advantage in the market. This study argues that product strategy and sales strategy used by buyers in the development of new products will control the effect of supplier involvement on new product development performance in order to compensate the lack of these academic aspects. Research design, data, and methodology - Specifically, we selected the modularization strategy of the product as the product strategy, which is considered as an important strategy in the new product development through the preceding research, and the mass customer satisfaction strategy was chosen as the sales strategy. In order to achieve these research objectives, regression analysis was conducted using data from manufacturing productivity panel collected jointly by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Industry and the Korea Productivity Center. Results - As a result, supplier involvement and new product development performances (development cost efficiency, customer satisfaction) were positively related. The product modularity strategy proved to have an interactive effect on the relationship between supplier involvement and new product development performances (development cost efficiency, customer satisfaction). However, it has not been confirmed that there is a statistically significant interaction effect between supplier involvement and new product development performances. Conclusions - Supplier involvement has positive relationships with NPD performance. In addition, product modularity strategies have interaction effects with supplier involvement and affect new product development performance (development cost efficiency and customer satisfaction). The results of this study are of academic significance in the case of lack of empirical studies on the effect of supplier participation on the effect of buyer 's strategy when a supplier participates and develops new products jointly.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.167-188
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• 2013

In today's society with its emphasis on unlimited information access, control of available information about high-technology products is often vital to their success. When a product is released, consumers may initially be attracted through information about its remarkable internal and external features. They may also perceive a degree of congruence between their own personalities and the product image as more information becomes available over time. Consumers' changing impressions of the product may influence personality congruence negatively or positively. These changes and their effects on preference for high-technology products are the focus of this paper. A survey was given to a sample of 206 students at K University to investigate the degree to which consumer behavior can be influenced by personality congruence. The need for clear and definite product knowledge in this process and the effect of product information on preference were also investigated. Three analyses were conducted. The results of Analysis 1 showed the influence of personality congruence on preference for high-technology products. Judgments about personality congruence were based on non-compensatory rather than compensatory information processing. The respondents considered certain aspects of a product's personality rather than the product as a whole when making preference decisions. The results of Analysis 2 indicated that when less information was available about a product, consumers who perceived high personality congruence with the product tended to have higher preference for it compared to those who perceived low personality congruence with the product. On the other hand, when consumers were given more information, no difference was observed in the impact of personality on preference between perceived high and low personality congruence. Lastly, the results of Analysis 3 showed that when consumers with high need for closure (NFC) perceived high congruence between their own personalities and a product, objective information regarding the product was not used in decision-making: instead, judgments about the product were based on perceived personality congruence. On the other hand, high-NFC consumers who perceived low personality congruence between themselves and the product tended to require more information about the product in order to give it a positive evaluation. In contrast, low-NFC consumers who perceived high personality congruence felt comfortable with large amounts of information. For low-NFC consumers who perceived low congruence, the level of information had no influence on preference.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.334-342
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• 2016

Conventional eco-design has been implemented based only on the environmental aspects of a product. Key components of a product identified from the analysis of the environmental aspects have been the target for improvement in the conventional eco-design. The use of eco-design index (EDI) considering both the environmental and economic aspects, and utility value (UV) of a product can be envisaged as an alternative way of implementing and assessing the eco-design. The objective of this study was to propose the logic of the EDI and apply it to the components for performing printing function of the multi-function printer. The EDI was formulated by quantifying the UV, life cycle environmental impact (LCE) and life cycle cost (LCC) of the components of a product, here components of the printer. Of the eight components investigated, roller was identified as the best performing consumable in both the environmental and economic aspects. However, its UV was the lowest among the eight. The EDI of the roller was mere $4^{th}$ in ranking out of the eight. Transfer belt ranked $8^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ in the environmental and economic aspects, respectively, while $2^{nd}$ in the utility value with its EDI ranked $3^{rd}$. This indicates that not only the environmental aspects but also economic and utility value aspects should be considered when identifying the key components for improvement in the eco-design.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2011

Generally, BOM (Bill of Material) means a part list which is needed to manufacture or assemble a product or part. During manufacturing processes, BOM is inevitably required for most of enterprise processes such as design, procurement, production planning/control, resource planning, and financial works. Every manufacturing industry uses many kinds of BOM's that are adjusted to the requirement of functions of their work division. Moreover, BOM evolves in different forms according to the product development phases such as conceptual design; function design, detail design, and production design because it is necessary to use different product structures to keep product data generated throughout the lifecycle of a product. This includes all data and information related to the all the product development phases. Shipbuilding works also are processed and controlled based on BOM. However, effective maintenance of ship outfitting BOM data is getting difficult as the amount and complexity of data have increased due to variety and long lifecycle of ship. For the effective management of outfitting BOM data, two aspects must be considered. One is how to classify numerous BOMs type and the others how to display BOMs. So this study suggests a method to classify BOM types and propose two categories - Structure BOM, Display BOM. Base on this result, we propose the integrated ship outfitting BOMs model and analysis outfitting BOMs.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2003

Chemists must take into consideration more factors to formulate with inorganic sunscreens than many other active ingredients including organic sunscreens. Because the UV radiation attenuation grade particles of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide are in the nanometer range, the state of their dispersion in the product film on the skin governs their efficacy and aesthetics.(omitted)

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2000

The chemical constituents and their biological activities of the sponge genus Petrosia have been reviewed.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.115-129
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• 1998

The chemical constituents and their biological activities of the sponge genus Dysidea has been reviewed.