• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.207-224
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• 1998

After the review of known results on the connections between selfsimilar processes with independent increments (processes of class L) and selfdecomposable distributions and between semi-selfsimilar processes with independent increments and semi-selfdecomposable distributions, dichotomy of those processes into transient and recurrent is discussed. Due to the lack of stationarity of the increments, transience and recurrence are not expressed by finiteness and infiniteness of mean sojourn times on bound sets. Comparison in transience-recurrence of the Levy process and the process of class L associated with a common distribution of class L is made.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.77-89
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• 2015

In this study, an 'Independent Study Checklist' for gifted mathematics students was developed and applied. The characteristics shown in the results after the 'Independent Study Checklist' was applied to mathematics gifted students were analysed. The checklist was divided into six phases of the independent study process and included checking contents at each stage. Observations, student interviews and results of the process of 'Independent Study' were collected and analysed to understand the characteristics of students' outcomes. The results from the application of the 'Independent Study Checklist' suggest the followings. First, the 'Independent Study Checklist' took the role of a self-check list to identify the process of the 'Independent Study'. Second, the check points of the 'Independent Study Checklist' presented the view of discussion to gifted students. Third, the 'Independent Study Checklist' was used as teaching material for teachers of gifted students. Fourth, 'Independent Study Checklist' was optionally used according student's study topics and method. Fifth, the checklist at each phase was continuously used during the whole process of 'Independent Study'. The teachers' interest and encouragement took the role of facilitating students' study process.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.383-391
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• 2006

A characterization of Gaussian process with independent increments in terms of the support of covariance operator is established. We investigate the Girsanov formula for a Gaussian process with independent increments.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.404-416
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the cognitive levels and the science process skills based on the cognitive styles. The subjects of the study were 5-6th grade 790 students sampled by random cluster sampling method in three schools from large cities, small cities, and rural areas respectively. The results are as follows. 1) The field independent students showed significantly higher(p< 0.001) cognitive level than the field dependent ones. 2) The field independent group showed higher formation rate of subskills of the logical thinking skills than the field dependent groups. 3) It was found out that the field independent group attained significantly higher scores of science process skills than the field dependent group in 5th and 6th grade students. 4) The more cognitive levels became higher, the more science process skills were significantly higher(p< 0.001). 5) There were significant(p<0.001) differences among the science process skills for grade levels and three regions. And that there were not significant differences in the science process skills between males and females, 6) The science process skills of the field independent and the formal operational group could be acquired better scores in the science process skills than those who belong to another combinations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

Independent Safety Assessment (ISA) is a third-party assessment that is to confirm that the system satisfies the safety requirements in the defined operational context. The process of this assessment often brings about many complex arguments that should be supported by evidence and justification. The communication between arguments and evidence is of the most importance in the context of safety case. This study illustrates how NOR-STA can be used for ISA process, showing the effective structure of safety compliance. The study outlines the steps to breaks down the top goal into many elements such as arguments, sub-goals, justification, context and assumptions. It concludes that the evidence-based safety conformance process utilizing NOR-STA provides a more effective and systematic representation of the independent safety assessment process in conformance cases.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.311-335
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• 2008

This study aims to find out the teacher's role in each procedure necessary for math gifted students' independent study so as to help them grow to become more creative experts. The case study targeted 14 gifted students. The result shows that the necessary steps for math gifted students' independent study are as fellowing; introducing the independent study, selecting a topic, asking a question, literature review, choosing a study method, gathering information, analysing information, developing a product, sharing information, evaluating the study, Teachers should teach students necessary skills with plans and take the roles of advisors and facilitators. Especially, for effective independent study, this should be planned and done in a regular program for gifted students; teachers' and parents' interest and encouragement facilitate the students' study process.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2011

Process monitoring has been emphasized for the monitoring of complex system such as chemical processing industries to achieve the efficiency enhancement, quality management, safety improvement. Recently, ICA (Independent Component Analysis) based MSPC (Multivariate Statistical Process Control) was widely used in process monitoring approaches. Moreover, DICA (Dynamic ICA) has been introduced to consider the system dynamics. However, the existing approaches show the limitation that their performances are strongly dependent on the statistical distributions of control variables. To improve the limitation, we propose a novel approach for process monitoring by integrating DICA and LOF (Local Outlier Factor). In this paper, we aim to improve the fault detection rate with the proposed method. LOF detects local outliers by using density of surrounding space so that its performance is regardless of data distribution. Therefore, the proposed method not only can consider the system dynamics but can also assure robust performance regardless of the statistical distributions of control variables. Comparison experiments were conducted on the widely used benchmark dataset, Tennessee Eastman process (TE process), and showed the improved performance than existing approaches.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.59-75
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• 2006

Independent innovation is the key factor to enhance competitiveness in China auto industry. This article is based on current status analysis of China auto industry independent innovation and it points out the problems and causes that exist in the independent innovation process. It also proposes policy and suggestions to accelerate cultivation of independent innovation in China auto industry.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.479-492
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• 2014

According to Krutetskii, the education of mathematically gifted students must be focused on the improvement of creative mathematical ability and the mathematically gifted students need to experience the research process like mathematician. Independent study is highly encouraged as the self-directed activity of highest level in the learning process which is similar to research process used by experts. We conducted independent study as a viable differentiation technique for gifted middle school students in the 3rd grade, which participated in mentorship program for 10 months. Based on the data through the research process, interview with a study participant and his parents, and his blog, we analyzed mathematical behavior characteristics of a study participant. This behavior characteristics are not found in all mathematically gifted students. But through this case study, we understand mathematically gifted students better and furthermore obtain the message for the selection and education of the mathematically gifted students and for the effective method of running mentorship program particularly.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.141-149
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• 1995

Let N denote the set of positive integers. Fix $d_1, d_2 \in N with d = d_1 + d_2$. Let X and Y be real random variables and let ${X_i : i \in N^d_1} and {Y_j : j \in N^d_2}$ be independent families of independent identically distributed random variables with $L(X) = L(X_i) and L(Y) = L(Y_j)$, where $L(\cdot)$ denote the law of $\cdot$.