• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2024

The Study analyzed the effect of private education costs and housing prices on the total fertility rates in 16 metropolitan cities in Korea from 2009 to 2021, and estimated the contribution rates of each variable on the decrease in the total fertility rate. Using a dynamic panel data model considering the time series correlation of the total fertility rates, the total fertility rates for the year was positively (+) affected by the total fertility rates of the previous year, and the increase in apartment sales and Jeonse prices in the previous year reduced the total fertility rates. In addition, the increase in private education costs per capita in the previous year was analyzed to consistently reduce the total fertility rates.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.131-152
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• 2012

The aims of this study were to analyze middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement. Specifically, this study surveyed the relation between human capital investment for children and the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement and investigated factors influencing financial preparation for retirement. Data were obtained from the 3rd Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS) in 2009, and a sample of 757 households was selected. The statistical methods were frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2$, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis. The findings of this study are as follows. First, the percentile of preparation for living costs for old age was 49.9% for the middle-aged households. In terms of the types of preparation for living costs for old age, the results showed 61.6% of personal preparation, 33.9% of pension system, and 1.3% for children and relatives. In relation to the adequacy of the preparations for living costs for old age, preparations made by 57.4% of the middle-aged households were inadequate. Observing the minimum living costs for old age and adequate living costs after retirement for single and couple, the minimum living costs of the middle-aged households was 1.46 million won for couple and 0.91 million won for single. The adequate living costs for old age was 2.07 million won for couple and 1.34 million won for single. Second, there were 757 households with total education expenditure. Of these, 208 incurred annual expenditure on public education, and the annual expenditure for public education was 7.28 million won. There were 170 households with annual expenditure for private education, and the annual expenditure for private education was 2.50 million won. 243 households of middle-aged households had annual expenditure for human capital investment, including both public and private education, with annual expenditure for human capital investment for children of 7.82 million won. Furthermore, in the human capital investment factor, there was a difference in the middle-aged households' financial preparation for retirement according to their annual expenditure for human capital investment including both public and private education. In addition, there was a difference in financial preparation for retirement based on their public education expenditure. Third, in the logistic regression model 1, which included human capital investment, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and human capital investment. In the logistic regression model 2, which included annual expenditure for public education and annual expenditure for private education, the significant variables affecting the preparation for retirement of the middle-aged households were as follows : annual household income, total amount of annual household income, experience of inadequate living costs, existence of financial assets, total amount of annual household savings, financial independence, adequate living costs (for single) for old age, and annual expenditure for public education.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.429-446
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• 2017

The current study aims to identify factors associated with private tutoring of college students in Korea. For this purpose, this study used the Korean Education and Employment Panel survey, which contains items regarding whether or not college students receive private tutoring as well as the monthly costs of private lessons. The current study focuses on private English lessons due to the very low response rates of other types of private tutoring. For the analysis, the 5th wave of KEEP collected in 2008 was selected, and a Heckman selection model was employed, including three categories of variables: individual, school, and parent/household factors. The results have revealed that for the selection model (receiving private English tutoring or not), having received private lessons in high school, gender, and level of satisfaction regarding the respondent's current university were significant. In terms of the outcome model (cost for private English tutoring in college), university admission type (rolling vs. regular), living with parents, school type (4-yr university vs. others), being in debt to cover private lesson fees in high school, and monthly household income had significant effects. This article also discusses the results and implications for future research and policy makers.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.401-413
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to measure the characteristics of environmentally conscious behavior in the private household focused on energy consumption, money expenditure and time usage, and to determine the socioeconomic variables, environmental consciousness and environmental education which are associated with the environmentally conscious behavior of private households. The data for this study were collected in a personal interview and the final sample consisted of 178 respondents and the statistics employed to analyze the data are discriminant analysis $\chi$2-test. As a result of the discriminant analysis, it was shown that environmentally conscious private households consumed less energy, had lower transportation costs, but spent more time in purchasing behavior in the market compared with those who did not exhibit environmentally conscious behavior. Environmentally conscious behavior of private households differed significantly according to the education of housewives, and also to the level of environmental consciousness and environmental education of the respondents.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.91-111
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• 2006

Technology development of modern society reduces times, costs and labor costs but demands work forces requiring expert knowledge on technology. Consequently knowledge worker becomes important. Not changing into a specialist acquired expert knowledge, people can't survive in competitive society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to grasp the actual condition of private security industry and to examine problems. The final goal is to find the way to improve the professionalism of workers in private security industry. First. Now we must make up for the subject for examination actually and be in a triangular position and complement a professional materials for teaching. At the same time it must strengthen the education using advanced instruments seek to Total Security System. Moreover it is demanded 'institutional supplement of security guard instructors' which means job training for security guard instructor Second. On the job training which can deal with a state of emergency through 'security guard training' with a theory and an actual training must be strengthen. Also, most security guards have low understandings and interests because their ages are from 50's to 60's. Accordingly proper education must be offered to security guard. Third. Certification system of the private security guards are needed to fix the problems on an indiscreet issue and an abuse of license through deliberation on the security license. Fourth. Universities must find a new market to minimize the squandering of human resources because of oversupply and reduce the personnel. Also with enhancing the employment rate through specialized education, universities must offer an education which keeps pace with the times for not an entrance strategy but a long-term development. Effort for education of specialist will produce an improvement in business quality and improved services produce a customer satisfaction. A customer satisfaction will produce a fame of a successful company and positive images in market area. Finally the private industry will be developed by productivity improvement.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.243-259
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• 2021

본 논문은 사교육 현상이 열풍을 넘어 교육 체계의 한 유형으로 인식되는 사교육 고착화시기에 2007년부터 2019년까지 초등학교 수학 교과를 중심으로 학교 급별, 지역별, 교과별, 유형별의 각 요인에 대한 사교육의 변화에 대해서 알아보고자 한다. 그리고 이를 통해 초등학교 수학 교과 사교육의 요인 간 추세를 살펴보고, 나아가 학교 수학교육이 교육 수요자의 기대치를 충족하기 위한 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 수학 교과의 사교육비는 기간에 영향을 받지 않고 어느정도 일관되게 선형의 완만한 증가 형태의 추세를 보였다. 또한, 초등학교 수학 교과의 사교육비는 다른 여타 교과와 비교해서 외부 변인에 크게 영향을 받지 않는 공고한 추세를 보였고, 학교 급별, 지역별, 유형별 추세에서도 일관된 변화 형태를 보이고 있었다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 1986

The study attempts to estimate and evaluate the rates of return on graduate degree holders who major in science and engineering. The model of this study adopts the rate of return method considering unemployment as well as mortality rate. The data are collected by questionnaires and interviews. The results show that the social rate of return(SROR) of bachelors is lower than the rate of return on investment in physical capital which is assumed as a decision criterion of public investment in Korea, but the SROR of Ph.D. holders is balanced. The results also show that the private rates of return (PROR) of all the levels in postgraduate science and engineering education are higher than the private discount rate which is a decision criterion of private investment in Korea. It also indicates that the PROR on investment in graduate education is not likely higher than the SROR because an individual bears high share of the educational costs.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2013

Since the amendment of the law on the private sector investment in social infrastructure in January of 2005, the government has been actively promoting Build-Transfer-Lease (BTL) projects. Notably, most new educational facilities have been built as BTL projects. For these facilities, the unit cost per unit area has been applied to predict construction costs. However, since construction costs are mostly managed after the detailed design phase, the costs can be estimated incorrectly. For this reason, cost management is needed in the planning phase, with a sound approximate estimate to prevent the wasteful use of funds. To address this shortcoming, this study aims to develop a quantity prediction model for education facilities using regression analysis in the planning phase. The developed model is focused on the required quantities of reinforced concrete and bricks. In order to achieve the objective, the data of 44 educational facility projects collected from Gyeonggi-do was used in the regression model. This study can be utilized by major stakeholders to accurately predict construction costs by estimating the appropriate quantities of reinforced concrete and bricks in the planning design phase.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.132-143
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• 2019

본 연구는 교육대학의 입시 제도가 사교육과 어떤 관련성이 있는지를 알아보고, 사교육 경감을 위한 교육대학 입시 제도의 개선 방향에 대해서 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 현장에서 대학 입시를 담당하는 대구·경북 지역의 고등학교 3학년 담임교사들과 교육대학 입시를 실제적으로 경험한 D 교육대학 1학년 재학생을 대상으로 교육대학 입학 전형 요소와 사교육과의 관련성에 대한 인식을 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 교육대학 입시에서 내신 강화가 공교육을 강화하는 효과도 있지만, 내신이 중요하다는 인식이 강하게 작용하여 오히려 사교육을 강화하는 역작용이 발생할 여지가 있다는 의견이 많았다. 농촌 지역인 경상북도와 대도시인 대구 지역의 전형 요소별 인식 차이가 커서 지역 사회의 특성을 고려한 전형과 각 교육대학이 위치한 지역별 특성을 반영한 입시 제도의 도입이 필요하다. 정시 전형의 요소별 점수 반영 비율에 대해서 3학년 담임교사들은 수능 점수 반영 비율을 낮추어야 한다는 의견을 제시했으며, 이와 함께 면접 반영 비율의 상향을 주장하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 사교육 감소를 위한 교육대학 입시제도의 개선 방향에 대한 시사점은 서류 평가의 공정성 확보가 요구되며, 면접의 강화와 함께 나타날 수 있는 사교육 문제의 해결을 위해서 면접의 방향 및 문항에 대한 공개가 뒤따라야 한다는 것이다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2018

공교육의 STEAM과 S/W 교육은 융합 인재와 4차산업혁명 시대의 인재 양성에 효과적이며 이를 위한 전담교사의 확충과 다양한 학습자료의 발굴 및 적용, 융합인재 교육을 위한 교육환경 개선이 필요하다. 그리고, 개방형 학습 플랫폼은 사교육비 절감과 공교육의 보완에 효과적이다. 특히 교실 수업(오프라인)과 결합된 플립러닝에 유용하며 이럴 경우 교사의 역할이 능동적인 교수활동과 연구 활동으로 전환되어 공교육의 정상화를 앞당기고 사교육을 줄일 수 있다. 특히, 초등교육을 위한 MOOC 플랫폼 운영의 핵심 기능으로 '창의적 교수설계와 콘텐츠 개발 기능', '디지털 교수 학습 큐레이션 기능', '빅데이터 기반 학습자 맞춤화 기능', '학습 참여 촉진 플립러닝 및 소셜러닝 기능'을 제시한다. 본 연구를 통해 초등교육을 포함한 청소년의 진로 및 입시교육 MOOC의 도입에 대한 논의의 장이 마련되고 한국형 청소년 MOOC 플랫폼이 구축되어 교육민주화의 세계적 선진 모델로 발전될 수 있기를 기대한다.