• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze Sumjin River Basin water environment system. It was necessary to improve the water quality. The data were collected from 2010 January to 2012 December including Water Temperature, pH, DO, EC, $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P. The data were used to study were required to; Correlation Analysis; Principle Component Analysis; Factor Analysis. The results were as followed. According to correlation analysis on $BOD_5$ against COD, TOC it revealed that the each value of correlation coefficient were 0.715 and 0.719; this means the strength of the relationship is strong. The same analysis on T-P against $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS has revealed that the range of the correlation coefficient value fell between 0.482 and 0.608 which means strength of the relationship between them remained normal. Through correlation analysis, it has been found that all elements except T-N have high correlation. The results of principal component analysis to target the overall water quality was extracted to three main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 68.990%. In the case of seasonal water quality, Spring and Summer are extracted to each of four main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 81.515% and 73.550% respectively. Fall and Winter are extracted to each of three main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 65.072% and 72.721% respectively. There is no seasonality in the case of factor analysis. The first common factor is $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS, T-P, which were classified. Totally speaking, Sumjin River Basin water system gets highly affected by the nutrient salts, organic matter and suspended solid at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.600-605
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• 2003

PCA(Principle Component Analysis) has emerged as a useful tool for process monitoring and fault diagnosis. The general approach requires the user to identify the root cause by interpreting the residual or principle components. This could be tedious and often impossible for a large process. In this paper, PCA scheme is combined with the FCM-based fault diagnostic algorithm to enhance the diagnostic results. The implementation of the FCM-based fault diagnostic system by using PCA is done and its application is illustrated on the two-tank system.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.814-821
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• 2007

This study was estimated water quality to raw water quality management of the Maeri intake station in the Nakdong River using Multivariate Analysis. The results of Principle Component Analysis was explained up to 76.9% of total water quality by three principle components. The 1st, 2nd was explained 44.7%, 17.9% and third was explained 14.3%. Also, the three factors was derived from Factor Analysis. The 1st factor was estimated as the matabolism and organic matter pattern related to algal growth. The 2nd factor was judged as the pollution of pattern related to the discharge from stream of the Nakdong River and 3rd factor was viewed as the hydrological variation pattern related to particle matter. The results of Cluster Analysis were classified into three groups.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1C
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

We improved the MLLR speaker adaptation algorithm with reduction of the order of HMM parameters using PCA(Principle Component Analysis) or ICA(Independent Component Analysis). To find a smaller set of variables with less redundancy, we adapt PCA(principal component analysis) and ICA(independent component analysis) that would give as good a representation as possible, minimize the correlations between data elements, and remove the axis with less covariance or higher-order statistical independencies. Ordinary MLLR algorithm needs more than 30 seconds adaptation data to represent higher word recognition rate of SD(Speaker Dependent) models than of SI(Speaker Independent) models, whereas proposed algorithm needs just more than 10 seconds adaptation data. 10 components for ICA and PCA represent similar performance with 36 components for ordinary MLLR framework. So, compared with ordinary MLLR algorithm, the amount of total computation requested in speaker adaptation is reduced by about 1/167 in proposed MLLR algorithm.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.190-196
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• 2004

Thick composite laminated plates is considered in 3D finite-element. To consider continuity of transverse stresses and displacement field, mixed finite-element has been developed by using layerwise theory and the minimum potential energy principle. Mixed finite-element has been enforced through the thick direction, Z, of a laminated plate by considering six degree-of-freedoms per node. Six degree-of-freedoms are three displacement components in the coordinate axes directions and three transverse stress components ${\sigma}_z,\;{\tau}_{xz},\;{\tau}_{yz}$. The model maintain the fundamental elasticity relations that are stress-strain relation and displacement-strain relation, because the transverse stress components invoked as nodal degrees of freedom by using the fundamental elasticity relationship between th components of stress and displacement. Random vibration analysis of the model is performed by computing consistent mass matrix and computing covariance in frequency domain technique.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.74 no.4
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• pp.533-545
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• 2020

An optimal design method for a spoke double-layer cable-net structure (SDLC) is proposed in this study. Simplified calculation models of the SDLC are put forward to reveal the static responses under vertical loads and wind loads. Next, based on an energy principle, the relationship among the initial prestress level, cross-sectional areas of the components, rise height, sag height, overall displacement, and relative deformation is proposed. Moreover, a calculation model of the Foshan Center SDLC is built and optimized. Given the limited loading cases, material properties of the components, and variation ranges of the rise height and sag height, the self-weight and initial prestress level of the entire structure can be obtained. Because the self-weight of the cables decreases with increasing of the rise height and sag height, while the self-weight of the inner strut increases, the total weight of the entire structure successively exhibits a sharp reduction, a gradual decrease, a slow increase, and a sharp increase during the optimization process. For the simplified model, the optimal design corresponds to the combination of rise height and sag height that results in an appropriate prestress level of the entire structure with the minimum total weight.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2019

The effect of galleries on the earthquake behavior of dams should be investigated to obtain more realistic results. Therefore, a roller compacted concrete (RCC) dam with and without galleries are examined under ground motion effects. For this purpose, Cine RCC dam constructed in Aydın, Turkey, is selected in applications. The optimal mesh around galleries is investigated to obtain the most realistic results. Two-dimensional finite element models of Cine RCC dam with and without galleries are prepared by using ANSYS software. Empty and full reservoir conditions were taken into account in the time-history analyses. Hydrodynamic effect of the reservoir water was taken into account considering two-dimensional fluid finite elements based on the Lagrangian approach. It is examined that how principle stresses and displacements change by height and during earthquake. The dam-foundation-reservoir interaction was taken into consideration with contact-target element pairs. The displacements and principle stress components obtained from the linear analyses are compared each other for various cases of reservoir water and galleries. According to numerical analyses, the effect of galleries is clear on the response of RCC dam. Besides, hydrodynamic water effect obviously increases the principle stress components and horizontal displacements of the dam.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.382-387
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• 2011

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from aerial parts in spearmint, apple mint and chocolate mint, was investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. (-)-Carvone (33.0%) was quantitatively major compound in spearmint, followed by R-(+)-limonene (11.7%) and ${\beta}$-phellandrene (9.7%); (-)-carvone (37.4%) and germacrene D (11.9%) in apple mint; and (-)-menthol (34.3%), p-menthone (18.4%) and menthofuran (9.8%) in chocolate mint. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principle components analysis showed the clear difference in chemical composition of the three mint oils.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.267-270
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• 1997

Oxygen saturation is an important parameter in clinical fields; fetal monitoring, apnea, emergency medicine etc. Because of monitoring patients continuously, pulse oximeter that measures oxigen saturation non-invasively is regarded attentively. But, though research about accuracy of signal extraction has been developed, it actually plays a supplementary part in hospital for not trusting the principle of measurement by clinicians. In this paper focusing on these things, first we suggested simple mathematical modelling on separating do components, ac components andnoise components in optical signal transmitted from fingertip or earlobe, and then we considered oxygen saturation computing algorithm using integral ratio of pulsating components. Last, we analyzed its effect by comparing received data.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2004

This study was described for measuring clinically relevant levels of glucose in undiluted plasma and whole blood by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Result from an initial measurement of major blood components powder was over-lapped the absorption bands of glucose at 1500-1600 nm. However, the NIR data of blood components were clearly separated by principle component analysis (PCA) space. By the use of partial least squares (PLS) regression, glucose concentrations in undiluted plasma and whole blood could be determined with standard errors of prediction (SEP) of 15 mg/dl and 76 mg/dl, respectively. Although these blood components possessed strong absorption bands that overlapped with the absorption bands of glucose, successful calibration models could be carried out.