• Educational Technology International
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-137
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• 2021

Embracing the important roles of presence, this study focused on exploring how to enhance online learners' learning engagement and learning achievement in distance higher education settings. More specifically, this study examined the structural relationships among university students' teaching presence, social presence, learning engagement, and perceived learning achievement in online learning environments using structural equation modeling. Data were collected from 206 university students enrolled in online courses in the second semester of 2020 at two large universities. According to the results of the data analysis, there was a significant relationship between teaching and social presence. Teaching presence and social presence predicted learning engagement that positively affected perceived learning achievement. Teaching presence was strongly associated with perceived learning achievement while social presence had a negative impact on that. Additionally, learning engagement had a mediating effect on the relationship between teaching presence and perceived learning achievement. This study found that students who perceived higher levels of teaching and social presences tend to more engage in learning, leading to perceiving better learning achievement. The findings suggest that the design, development, and implementation of effective online instruction should be needed to promote learning engagement, which can be linked to enhancing students' learning achievement. Implications and discussion are addressed in this article.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2015

This study is for understanding differences of satisfaction followed by learning and teaching presence perceived by learners and participation motivation on learning in a distance education. General characteristics of learner are classified as an entrance type, sex, age, new/transfer of distance university learners. Perceived presence is classified with learning presence and teaching presence. Participation motivation on learning is classified with the directivity of activity, goal, and study based on the reason of participating in classes in a distance university. And this research tried out to find the effects of learner's characteristics, perceived presence, and participation motivation on learning satisfaction. The results are as follows. First, there was no meaningful difference of general characteristic on satisfaction. It means sex, age, and entrance type did not have an effect on satisfaction. Second, with the level of presence perceived by learner, satisfaction has meaningful differences. It means that students who had higher learning presence perceived of distance university showed higher satisfaction, and so as in teaching presence perceived on satisfaction. Third, factors effecting satisfaction based on participation motivation on learning differ with types of motivation. There was no meaningful difference of the level of activity directivity study participant on satisfaction, but was a meaningful difference of goal directivity and of study directivity in participation motivation on learning satisfaction. It was the learning presence that had a significant effect on learning satisfaction of adult learning.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2016

The purpose of this study are to examine the educational use of the Facebook and to examine the effects of the learners perceived usefulness, attitude and self-efficacy on learning flow and learning presence at university classes using social network service. The subjects of this study are 155 university students attending a class at a 4-year university in Seoul, and certain questions verified in the existing studies were modified, complemented, and used as a tool for measurement. The details of the purpose are as follows. First, it turned out that there were significant differences in learning flow and learning presence in accordance with the levels of the usefulness that learners perceived. It can be said that the higher the perceived level of usefulness, the higher the learning flow and learning presence. Second, it turned out that there were significant differences in learning flow and learning presence in accordance with the levels of learners' perceived attitudes. We can interpret such a result as suggesting that the higher a learner's perceived attitude, the higher the learning flow and learning presence.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.721-728
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• 2024

본 연구의 목적은 메타버스의 사회적 실재감이 이용의도에 미치는 직·간접적 영향력을 확인하는 것이다. 이때 사회적 실재감의 직접 효과 외에 지각된 가치를 매개하여 사용의도에 미치는 간접효과를 함께 살펴보고자 하였다. 지각된 가치는 선행연구를 기반으로 하여 지각된 즐거움과 지각된 유용성을 긍정적 가치로 활용하였으며, 메타버스의 이용에서 지각되는 불안이나 걱정을 지각된 위험으로 정의하여 함께 적용하였다. 메타버스의 주이용자인 대학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 메타버스의 사회적 실재감은 이용의도에 직접적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 지각된 즐거움과 지각된 유용성의 매개효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 지각된 위험은 유의미한 매개효과가 나타나지 않았다. 메타버스의 사회적 실재감을 높이는 것이 메타버스의 가치를 높임으로써 이용의도를 강화할 수 있다는 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 전략적 함의를 제공하였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.451-462
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• 2012

Drawing on the literature on TAM and presence, this study proposes a model of the extended TAM by identifying factors that affect the motivations to enhance our understanding of online consumers' acceptance of an e-tail website. This study conceptualizes that consumers' perceived presence variables such as telepresence and social presence are the antecedents to the motivations of TAM. Empirical tests using regression analyses generally supported the proposed model. The overall conclusion from the current data is that our integrated model is useful in understanding consumers' acceptance of an apparel e-tail website. The findings show that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived interest motivations act as strong determinants of consumers' attitude toward an e-tailer, which leads to their behavioral intentions about the e-tailer. This suggests that apparel e-tailers should consider these three motivations when they design their websites. As one way to influence these three factors, this study showed the role of perceived presence in the usage of an apparel e-tail website. The findings suggest that online consumers' perceptions of "being there" and "socialness" stimulate their perceptions of usefulness and interest in the website use. Thus, e-tailers should consider effective ways to increase consumers' perceived presence.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2016

This study investigates perceived social presence, perceived interactivity, perceived enjoyment, and perceived trust as antecedents of consumer engagement. We measured the attitudinal and behavioral brand loyalty as consequences of consumer engagement in social media. Our findings suggest that perceptions of social presence, enjoyment, and trust are significantly related to consumer engagement. Conversely, perceived interactivity has no positive influence on consumer engagement. In addition, consumer engagement is found to have a significant impact on both attitudinal and behavioral brand loyalty. The study revealed that, in the modified model, covariance paths among the proposed antecedents of consumer engagement (namely the perceived social presence, interactivity, enjoyment, and trust) are statistically significant. In this paper, we also discuss limitations of the study and future research.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2011

본 연구는 사이버대학생의 과제가치, 지각된 유용성이 학습성과(학습몰입, 학습지속의향)에 미치는 영향과 교수실재감의 매개효과를 분석하기 위해, H 사이버대학생 137명을 대상으로 수행되었다. 그 결과, 과제가치와 지각된 유용성은 학습몰입과 학습지속의향에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 확인되었으며, 교수실재감은 과제 가치와 지각된 유용성이 학습성과(학습몰입, 학습지속의향)을 예측하는 데 있어 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 사이버대학생의 학습성과(학습몰입, 학습지속의향)를 높이기 위해서는 과제가치, 지각된 유용성 향상을 위한 학습과정 설계 전략과 함께 교수자의 역할과 행동, 촉진을 제공하기 위한 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.164-174
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• 2013

스마트폰의 급속한 보급과 함께 카카오톡, 페이스북, 문자메시지와 같은 문자기반 매체의 활용도가 증가하여 대인간의 주요 의사소통 매체로서 자리 잡고 있다. 본 연구에서는 문자기반 매체들에서 사회적 현존감이 서로 다르게 인지되고 있다는 점에 착안하여 각 매체별로 인지되는 사회적 현존감을 비교 분석하기 위해 설문을 구성하여 데이터를 수집하였다. 분석 결과 사용자는 자신이 가장 많이 사용하는 매체가 사회적 현존감이 높다고 인식하고 있었으며, 매체별로는 카카오톡, 페이스북, 문자메시지 순으로 사회적 현존감이 높게 인식되고 있었고, 각 매체별 사회적 현존감에는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 사용자가 사회성이 높고, 20대 이하이며, 학생일수록 다른 그룹들보다 사회적 현존감을 상대적으로 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 현존감이 실제 사용에 있어 영향을 미치고 있음을 찾아낸 본 연구에 후속으로는 어떠한 매체적 특성이 사회적 현존감의 차이를 불러일으키는지 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.249-274
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• 2022

This study is to focuses on users' attitudes toward augmented reality games. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Flow theory, continuous usage intention was set as a dependent variable, and immersion was set as a mediating variable. As independent variables, spatial presence, perceived interactivity, perceived pleasure, and sickness were set. Besides, this study strived to compare and analyze Korean and Chinese Data. The results of this study were as follows. First of all, Korean users significantly affected spatial presence, perceived pleasure, and immersion. Spatial presence and perceived pleasure had also mediated effects on continuous usage intention through immersion. However, perceived interactivity and sickness did not affect immersion and even no mediating effect to continuous usage intention. In the case of Chinese users, spatial presence, perceived interactivity, and perceived pleasure were grouped into one variable. This variable influenced immersion and also had mediated effect on continuous usage intention. However, sickness, like Korean users, did not affect the set path. This study had implications for analyzing user perspective using immersion, a significant variable in previous research. In addition, this study found similarities and characteristics through a comparative analysis between Korean and Chinese users indirectly.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2020

VR technology has become a game changer in the game industry. VR game market has increased exponentially worldwide. The current study is designed to examine effects of VR game players' gender (male vs. female), types of VR games (solo game vs. multiplayer game), and the level of perceived virtual presence (low virtual presence vs. high virtual presence) on enjoyment and intention to replay. Study findings suggest that male players, after playing VR games, showed higher enjoyment and intention to replay VR games. In terms of types of VR games, multiplayer VR games lead to higher enjoyment intention to replay than solo play games. Finally, this study found that the high level of perceived virtual presence incur higher enjoyment and intention to replay than the low level of perceived virtual presence in playing VR games. Practical implications were discussed in the last section of this paper.