• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effects of prenatal breast self-massage education on first-time mothers' breastfeeding self-efficacy, breastfeeding adaptation, and breastfeeding practice. Method: The experimental group (n=26) received prenatal breast self-massage education focused on self mamma care (SMC) at 34-36 weeks gestation and 2 weeks later face-to-face. The control group (n=25) was recruited immediately following birth and received usual care. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured 4 hours after childbirth and 3 days later, and breastfeeding practice, breastfeeding adaptation, and breastfeeding-related characteristics were measured 2 weeks and 4 weeks after childbirth through online survey. The data were analyzed by $x^2$ test and t-test using SPSS/WIN 24.0. Results: There was no significant difference in breastfeeding self-efficacy of the experimental group at 4 hours after childbirth (t=0.83, p=.410) whereas it was statistically significantly higher at 3 days postpartum (t=2.86, p=.006). There were no significant differences in breastfeeding adaptation between the two groups at both 2 weeks (t=1.76, p=.084) and 4 weeks postpartum (t=0.87, p=.388). For breastfeeding practice a statistically significant difference was found at 4 weeks for the experimental group ($x^2=4.77$, p=.036). Conclusion: This antenatal SMC intervention was found to be a feasible intervention for use in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.475-483
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to determine factors associated with infant feeding practices among highly educated Korean mothers living in Texas, USA and local populations. In both groups, infant's birth order, maternal age, prenatal education, husband's attitude, mother's attitude and infant's taking a bottle to bed were not associated with infant's feeding patterns significantly. However, there was a significant difference in initiating time for introduction of supplementary foods between Koreans and Americans. Thus Korean mothers introduced supplementary foods earlier than American counterparts. Furthermore the infant's feeding method among all participants affected the time for introducing supplementary foods significantly. Though attitude of Korean mothers toward breastfeeding was slightly more positive than that of American mothers, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Koreans was much lower than that in Americans. It might be suggested that effective nutrition education program for Korean subjects should be developed to practice breastfeeding from positive attitude and knowledge. It might be also suggested that participation of prenatal nutrition education involving fathers should be encouraged for promotion of rates of initiation and duration of exclusive breastfeeding of mothers.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyse the principles and methods of Taegyo-Singi with regard to emotion and to review basic informations on Taegyo programs for promoting prenatal development. Taegyo-Singi was analyzed as follows. First, the contents of Taegyo-Singi were classified into principles and methods of Taegyo. Second, the domains of emotion were categorized into emotional perception, emotional expression, emotional understanding, and emotional regulation based on the classification of Mayer and Salovey, and Moon. Third, the contents of Taegyo-Singi were classified into the four domains of emotion. Finally, the reliability and validity of the classification were obtained through inter-rater agreement and analysis of content validity. The results indicated that first, the principles of Taegyo presuppose parental influence on temperament formation, and that the emotional states of the mother in the prenatal and prepregnancy period is the most influential variable in a child's temperament formation. Second, the methods of Taegyo presuppose that the human mind interacts with their behavior. Therefore, through emotional support of family members, 'jon-sim (the serene mind)' and 'chung-sim (the mind from rectitude)' are the key methods of Taegyo. This means that the Korean tradition of Taegyo focused on the emotional domain of development, especially emotional regulation. This coincides with the emotion-focused temperament theory that individual differences in temperament reflect individual differences in emotion.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-101
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• 2005

The present study applied Bayley Scales of Infant Development to Infants with High Risk to investigate the effects of determinants such as variables related to demographic variable, prenatal and perinatal and postpartal environments, and developmental indices in infancy. First, mental and motor development index were high in infants whose mothers had high in education, mothers had not had a disease during the pregnancy, mothers had not taken medicine during the pregnancy. Second, mental and motor development index were high in infants who had used an oxygen inhaler, incubator, and in infants who had been given a timely birth. Third, mental and motor development index were higher in infants whose mumbling and the initial speaking was normal than in infants whose development was late.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2004

This study investigates the history and principles of Korean traditional Taekyo by literary research. Taekyo is compared with prenatal care of modern western medicine, and its principles turn out to be just as scientific. Suggestions are made for a nurse to apply Taekyo principles to nursing care. Traditional Taekyo is an antenatal training which emphasizes how an expectant mother should carry herself (behavior) and a frame of mind she should have (her attitude) in order to produce a child with sound mind and body, as well as good personality. Though Taekyo has been originated in China 2,800 years ago, it has been recorded comprehensively in Korea in a series of publications such as Taekyoshingi, and Kyuhapchongseo, and passed on in a various verbal transitions like Samtaedo, Oliltaedo, etc. Taekyo principles can be explained by yin and yang theory, quantum theory, chaos theory, fetal programming, and social support theory. Some part of Taekyo shares the same scientific ground with prenatal care advocated by modern nursing care for women, where it emphasizes the role of a father, and participation of the whole family in helping an expectant mother. Applying Taekyo principles to nursing care is being done through Taekyo programs, which combine traditional Taekyo with modern prenatal care, in classes for child birth and many pregnant women participate. On the other hand, some internet Taekyo programs appear to be rather distorted and overzealous. A nurse has a responsibility to present a guideline and to monitor internet sites, so that pregnant women can understand the correct concept of traditional Taekyo before they practice it.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to investigate the healthy lifestyle of women during pregnant. Method: This study reviewed the preceding researches related to pregnant women's healthy lifestyle through websites, articles, and books. Result: To promote healthy and pleased pregnancies, pregnant women were encouraged to get early and regular prenatal care. It included information, education, and counseling about how to handle special arrangements for pregnancy: weight gain, drug, smoking, alcohol, exercise, air travel, dental care, maternity clothes, vaccination, sex during pregnancy, workplace, hair treatment, hot tubs & saunas. Conclusion: Prenatal visits gave expected woman and partner chances to increase self-care and performance of a healthy lifestyle and then reduced the risk of having pregnancy-related complications.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program for mothers who were at an advanced maternal age (AMA) and to verify the effects of the program on pregnancy health care. Methods: This program was developed using a web-based teaching-learning system design model and composed of 10 subject areas. This research was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest time serial design and data were collected from April 2 to May 3, 2014. To verify the effects of the program, it was used for 2 weeks with 30 AMA mothers (experimental group). For the control group, a classroom education booklet for pregnant women used with 31 AMA mothers. Results: The experimental group having participated in program had statistically significantly higher scores for knowledge (t=3.76, p <.001), self-efficacy (t=8.54, p <.001), and practice behavior (t=4.88, p <.001) of pregnancy health care, compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the program indicate that a Mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program is effective in meeting the needs of AMA mothers and can be used as the prenatal educational program for AMA mothers and is appropriate as an educational media for theses mothers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.733-741
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing maternal identity of Korean primiparas. Methods: The data were collected by a self-report questionnaire in 2006. The participants were 210 healthy primiparous women who delivered at one of three medical centers and revisited the outpatient department for follow up between 4 to 6 weeks after childbirth. Data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 17.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Maternal identity was significantly correlated with Taekyo accomplishment, the culturally based prenatal preparation (p<.001). Transitional gratification to motherhood (p<.001), postpartum depression (p<.001), childcare stress (p<.001), infant temperament (p<.001), and social support (p<.001) were also significantly correlated with maternal identity. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that maternal identity was significantly predicted by transitional gratification to motherhood, infant temperament, childcare stress, and Taekyo accomplishment. These variables explained 31.0% of the variance of maternal identity. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that postpartum nursing interventions to promote maternal identity should focus on reinforcing education and support for reducing childcare stress and infant difficulty, and increasing transitional gratification to motherhood. Also, prenatal encouragement and education for improving Taekyo accomplishment may be helpful to promote maternal identity after birth.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 2011

Objective: This study aimed to introduce Health Impact Assessment using the case of a HIA on 2008 Dream Start Project in Cheongju. Methods: We followed the typical procedure of HIA recommended by the Merseyside Guidelines on HIA. In scoping, the steering committee decided 5 key domains of child health to be assessed: prenatal care, vaccination, nutrition, access to health care, and child abuse and also the methods of collecting the evidence. The HIA appraisal team collected information from various sources including literature, community survey, and focus group interviews. The HIA appraisal team also synthesized the collected information in terms of the nature of health impacts and equity and made recommendations accordingly. Results: Positive impacts were expected in prenatal care, vaccination, and nutrition, while negative impacts were expected in access to health care. The impact of Dream Start on child abuse was uncertain. Several recommendations were made and submitted to the Dream Start team for their consideration. About 2 years later, we found many of them were implemented in 2009 Dream Start project. Conclusion: HIA was found to be applicable and effective to make decision makers in the welfare sector consider health in their work.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relations among supports during childbirth, attitudes toward childbirth presence, and the childbirth experiences in husbands. Methods: The participants in this study were 178 husbands whose wives were within 2 days after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. Data were collected from September 1st to September 30th, 2013. Results: The significant factors affected on the childbirth experiences in husbands were attitudes toward childbirth presence (${\beta}=.61$), satisfaction for the nurse's cares during childbirth (${\beta}=.19$), psychological preparation for childbirth (${\beta}=.16$), baby weight (${\beta}=.09$), and prenatal education related to pregnancy (${\beta}=.09$). These variables explained 66% of the childbirth experiences in husbands. Conclusion: It would be necessary to develop nursing intervention programs that increasing positive attitudes toward childbirth presence, psychological preparation for childbirth, and prenatal education to increase positive childbirth experiences in husbands. Nurses should also provide husbands with satisfactory cares during childbirth.