• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2022

To screen antagonistic fungi against plant pathogens, dual culture assay (DCA) and culture filtrate assay (CFA) were performed with unknown soil-born fungi. Among the different fungi isolated and screened from the soil, fungal isolate ANU-301 successfully inhibited growth of different plant pathogenic fungi, Colletotrichum acutatum, Alternaria alternata, and Fusarium oxysporum, in DCA and CFA. Morphological characteristics and rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis identified ANU-301 as Aspergillus terreus. Inoculation of tomato plants with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) induced severe wilting symptom; however, co-inoculation with ANU-301 significantly enhanced resistance of tomato plants against FOL. In addition, culture filtrate (CF) of ANU-301 not only showed bacterial growth inhibition activity against Dickeya chrysanthemi (Dc), but also demonstrated protective effect in potato tuber against soft rot disease. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of CF of ANU-301 identified 2,4-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-phenol (MPP) as the most abundant compound. MPP inhibited growth of Dc, but not of FOL, in a dose-dependent manner, and protected potato tuber from the soft rot disease induced by Dc. In conclusion, Aspergillus terreus ANU-301 could be used and further tested as a potential biological control agent.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.14 no.2 s.23
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• pp.59-63
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• 1975

A total of 40 virus infected tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) with various symptom types Were collected from Bucheon and Jeonju area by its symptoms were investigated on the incidence of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), potato virus X (PVX) and potato virus Y (PVY) by serological methods. van Slogteren's microprecipitin test was applied for the testing of PVX and PVY from infected plants and Ouchterlony agar double diffusion test was used for CMV, TMV and AMV. Results obtained are as follows: 1. TMV, CMV, AMV, PVX and PVY wcre found to occur on the tobacco plants growing in Korea. 2. The prevalence of each of these viruses among the 40 tobacco plants investigated was in the order of AMV: $(67.5\%)>CMV:(60.0\%)>TMY:(47.5\%)>PVY:(17.5\%)>PVX: (10.0\%).$ 3. In Burley variety, the percentage of infection by TMV was $15\%$, whereas it was as high as $80\%$ in Hicks variety. 4. Among the 40 tobacco plants investigated, $37.5\%$ showed infection with one kind of virus whereas the remaining $62.5\%$, revealed mixed infection with more than two different viruses.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.390-399
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to introduce PAT (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, non-selective herbicide bialaphos resistant gene) gene into potato (Solanum tuberosum. cv. Desiree). Optimal shoot regeneration from leaf discs and stem segments was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L BA, and the frequency of shoot regeneration was 54% in left discs and 46% in stem segments. In this condition, leaf discs and stem segments of potato were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens MP90 which contained binary vector with GUS: :NPTII gene and PAT gene. Transgenic shoots were regenerated from leaf and stem-derived calli on selection medium with 100mg/L kanamycin. The 100${\mu}M$ acetosyringone treatment during the co-cultivation highly enhanced(4 times than the control) the shoot regeneration on selection medium. When the putative transgenic plants were transferred to medium with 10mg/L basta, all of them were survived. After PCR. GUS test, and Southern blot analysis of the survived plant, we confirmed that the gene was stably integrated into the potato genome and expressed. After the transgenic plants were transplanted in soil, and the transgenic plants were sprayed with the herbicide basta (300ml/10a), the transgenic plants remained green but control plants were died.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2001

In recent, non virus-induced mosaic symptoms(NVMS) on potato leaves were observed in the seed potato fields, and its incidence rate was $5{\sim}20%$ nationwide. It made difficult to rogue out virus-infected plants, and caused much arguments between seed potato production farmers and seed potato inspectors. The objectives of these experiments were to find out the causes of NVMS, and also to induce mosaic symptom(phytotoxicity) on potato plants by treatment of several herbicides. No significant correlations were found between incidence rates of NVMS and values from soil analyses; soil pH, soil EC, organic matter content, and contents of inorganic constituents($P_2O_5,\;NO_3$, Ca, Mg, K) in the soil around the potato planted. The examinations by ELISA, virus indicator plants, and TEM showed that NVMS on potato leaves was not caused by the viruses infection. But, the use of herbicides could induced the NVMS on potato leaves. The incidence rates of potato treated with pendimethalin linuron of 400 mL/10 a, pendimethalin of 200 mL/10 a, pendimethalin.oxadiazon of 300 mL/10 a, and control were 61.1%, 47.2%, 19.4%, and 1.4%, respectively. Based on these results, we confirmed that the treatment of pendimethalin alone and in mixture with other herbicides were the reason of NVMS on potato leaves. The yields among test plots were similar except dicamba treated plot, which decreased by about 23% compared to control plot. When their progenies harvested in 1999 were planted in the following season, no symptoms of mosaic were observed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 1985

The experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a compound fertilizer for application of potato plants (Sumi) which were prepared by the Kyonggj Chemical LTD. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Comparing with the plot of 12kg/10a muriate of potash plot, the potato yield of compound fertilizer, double rate of potassium sulfate and normal rate of potassium sulfate plots were increased in order to 44%, 7% and 6% respectively. The yield of potato at the compound fertilizer were significantly higher than that of double rate of potassium sulfate, but the latter yield was lower that of control. 2. The yield of potato were to exeeding of final tuber on June 25, which was twelve day earlier than the actual harvest the application of the compound fertilizer may make possible to harvest potato eariler than normal season and benefit fammers which better economic return. 3. Manufacturing it with granular form at diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate as majour source materials and having little urea contents, the compound fertilizer raised higher the emergence rate of potato plant than the other fertilizer were promoted the early plant growth, and kept potato plants comparatively healthier than the other fertilizer even at later stage of plant growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1983

Potato virus Y (PVY) distribution, areas where the virus occurred, and incidence, Percentage of plants infected, on burley tobacco in Korea was surveyed in 1982. Most of the fields Investigated were infected with PVY. The virus incidence was 12.5%. District)union and incidence generally were sporadic, but Onyang, Hongseung and Iksan area virus incidence was higher than that of other areas. For strain identification, approximately 95% was nonnecrotic (PVY-VB) and 5olo necrotic strain (PVY-VN) .

• Mycobiology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2002

Two-hundred two yeast strains were isolated from rhizosphere(87 strains) and nonrhizosphere(115 strains) areas of potato, maize, vegetable marrow, and cabbage plants. On the basis of 26 morphological and physiological properties, the isolated yeast strains were assigned to 9 genera and 15 species. Trichosporon beigelii, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Torulaspora delbrueckii were the dominant species. Cryptococcus humicolus and Candida tropicalis were represented by considerable numbers of strains. Of low occurrence were Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida blankii. Other yeast species were represented by single or two strains. Total counts of yeast cells per gram dry soil ranged from $1.1{\times}10^3$ to $6.6{\times}10^3$ in soil samples of rhizosphere areas and from $6.5{\times}10^2$ to $5.6{\times}10^3$ in soil samples of nonrhizosphere areas. Types of the tested plants affected not only the total counts of yeast cells but also spectra of yeast species. Relationships of age of potato plant, moisture contests of soil samples, and its pH values and total counts of yeast cells were discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.498-511
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• 2024

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive disease that affects potato production, leading to severe yield losses. Currently, little is known about the changes in the assembly and functional adaptation of potato rhizosphere microbial communities during different stages of R. solanacearum infection. In this study, using amplicon and metagenomic sequencing approaches, we analyzed the changes in the composition and functions of bacterial and fungal communities in the potato rhizosphere across four stages of R. solanacearum infection. The results showed that R. solanacearum infection led to significant changes in the composition and functions of bacterial and fungal communities in the potato rhizosphere, with various microbial properties (including α,β-diversity, species composition, and community ecological functions) all being driven by R. solanacearum infection. The relative abundance of some beneficial microorganisms in the potato rhizosphere, including Firmicutes, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Mortierella, decreased as the duration of infection increased. Moreover, the related microbial communities played a significant role in basic metabolism and signal transduction; however, the functions involved in soil C, N, and P transformation weakened. This study provides new insights into the dynamic changes in the composition and functions of potato rhizosphere microbial communities at different stages of R. solanacearum infection to adapt to the growth promotion or disease suppression strategies of host plants, which may provide guidance for formulating future strategies to regulate microbial communities for the integrated control of soil-borne plant diseases.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.77-90
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• 2023

Today, crops face many characteristics/diseases. Insect damage is one of the main characteristics/diseases. Insecticides are not always effective because they can be toxic to some birds. It will also disrupt the natural food chain for animals. A common practice of plant scientists is to visually assess plant damage (leaves, stems) due to disease based on the percentage of disease. Plants suffer from various diseases at any stage of their development. For farmers and agricultural professionals, disease management is a critical issue that requires immediate attention. It requires urgent diagnosis and preventive measures to maintain quality and minimize losses. Many researchers have provided plant disease detection techniques to support rapid disease diagnosis. In this review paper, we mainly focus on artificial intelligence (AI) technology, image processing technology (IP), deep learning technology (DL), vector machine (SVM) technology, the network Convergent neuronal (CNN) content Detailed description of the identification of different types of diseases in tomato and potato plants based on image retrieval technology (CBIR). It also includes the various types of diseases that typically exist in tomato and potato. Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) technologies should be used as a supplementary tool to enhance search accuracy by encouraging you to access collections of extra knowledge so that it can be useful. CBIR systems mainly use colour, form, and texture as core features, such that they work on the first level of the lowest level. This is the most sophisticated methods used to diagnose diseases of tomato plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.172-173
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• 1998

A research collection of Pseudomons solanacearum bacteria, a pathogen causing ‘bacteria wilt’ disease of more than 265 plant species, represented for northern provinces of Vietnam has recently been established and was saved for examination of antifungal activity in their culture fluids. All strains used in this work have been isolated from infected tomato, potato, and groundnut collected from production fields and they express different levels of virulence on their host plants. Cell-free culture fluids of these strains were tested for antifungal activity (to inhibit growth of mycelium and to destroy germination tube of fungal spores) on a number of fungi that either infect or associate with vegetable crops of Solanaceae family (tomato, potato, pepers...), fruit plants (banana), and even well-known by Vietnamese traditional medicine herbal plants belonging to Trifoliatus, Schefflera, Homalomena and Panax genera (Araliaceae family) of which roots are used as a resource of the herbal material. The antifungal activity was found in nearly all strains tested. Result of study on chitin, CMC, tween 80 and casein degradation abilities of the latter suggested that antifungal activity of positively-found strains may be due to their ability of extracelluar chitinase's excretion that destroy fungal cell wall.