• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.335-351
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was twofold; one was to investigate the elderly people's educational needs on successful aging(Study 1), and the other was to construct the educational program for successful aging and evaluate its effectiveness(Study 2). For Study 1, data were collected with structured questionnaires from the 166 elderly people participating in the government job creation projects for the aged in Gwangju and analyzed using frequency analysis and means-of-different tests. It was found that most of the elderly people strongly desired the education successful aging in terms of health care, finance, social participation, leasure, social network and self acceptance. In Study 2, the educational program for successful aging was constructed based on the results of Study 1 and the effectiveness of the program was evaluated using one-group pretest-posttest experimental design. Data were collected from 34 voluntary participants in the program before and after the implementation of the program and analyzed using the paired samples t-test technique. It was found that the program had a positive effect on the improvement of the elderly people's understanding of successful aging in terms of health care, finance, social participation, leasure, social network and self acceptance. Based on these results, the implementation of the educational program designed in this study was recommended to improve the elderly people's quality of life and the directions for future research were advanced. successful aging, educational needs, educational program, effectiveness.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.97-125
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• 2020

This case study examined the effects of synchronization-based group music therapy for improving peer interaction of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The participants were five children between the ages of 6 and 10 with ASD. A total of eight 30-minute music therapy sessions were conducted two times a week. During sessions, target behaviors (i.e., engagement in joint action, synchronized movements, eye contact, and initiation of social interaction) were observed and analyzed. Also, the PIPPS-P was completed by parents to identify behavioral changes in real-life environments from pretest to posttest. Following the intervention, all of the participants showed increases in synchronized movements with peers and attempts to initiate social interaction. In addition, parents rated their children's play behavior as being improved in their everyday living environment. These results support that synchronous movements between children with ASD, which were facilitated with rhythmic cueing, led to enhanced engagement in joint action. Considering that those movements are the basis for further social skills (e.g., play behavior), this study also indicates that synchronization-based group music therapy could be an effective therapeutic approach for improving the peer interaction of this population.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ear reflexotherapy on back pain of working women in middle age. Methods: The quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for the study. Total of 56 participants composed of experimental group (n=26) and control group (n=30), who were working in four hospitals in urban area. The degree of back pain after ear reflexotherapy was measured by VAS. The data were analyzed by frequency, percent, t-test and $X^2$-test. Results: The degree of back pain after ear reflexotherapy in the experimental group was significantly reduced, while there was no difference in control group. There was a significant difference between the experimental group and control group in the degree of back pain after ear reflexotherapy (t=3.702, p=.001). Conclusion: Application of ear reflexotherapy was effective for employed women in middle age and it needs to be further evaluated among the other population.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to confirm that how the support type of the assistant teacher changes the students' creativity and self-efficacy in the Robot Education, particularly Robot Edu-Camp. The study objects are 72 elementary students for 8 groups; each group has 9 students, and 4 groups of them have the assistant teachers and others are supported by giving some feedbacks for their questions or some information if they need. The assumption of this study sets up as in the following; there are no differences for the students' creativity and self-efficacy between the supporting of the assistant teachers with making robots and programing together and the giving feedbacks and information if students need. To verify this assumption, we use the nonequivalent control group in the pretest-posttest designs. The result is as in the following. There's no meaningful differences of the students' creativity by the support type of the assistant teachers. But in the self-efficacy, the groups which are giving feedbacks and information if they need have more higher level of achievement than others. The result shows that if the assistant teachers help the students directly, the students' levels of the self-direction, and control are low because they lean on the teachers. This will give you some implications to the follow-up studies about the support type of the assistant teachers in the Robot Education.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-40
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• 2002

Cancer is the second leading cause of the death in Korea. Family caregivers of dying patients manifest many psychological and physical symptoms of stress, and they often seek for informational support from health care providers. Unfortunately, however, few systematic studies identify the actual effect of such support on family caregivers. This study, thus, intends to evaluate the effect of informational support for hospice care. One group pretest-posttest design was used, employing the stress-coping model by Cohen and Wills as a conceptual framework. This research was conducted from July 1 to November 15, 1998, initially with 32 subjects sampled from hemato-oncology department of two general hospitals in Seoul, but reduced to 18 at the end due to the untimely death of patients or caregiver's refusal during the course of study. Informational supports were programmed to provide the family caregivers with 8 times of education and counseling as well as 24-hour hot-line for 4 weeks. A booklet that explains the various problems of hospice care was also prepared and distributed to all subjects. Data were collected by using self-report questionnaires and reviewing medical records. The tools used in this study were based on the Weinert's PRQ-II(scale of perceived social support), Spielberger's state anxiety inventory, and CES-D. Also included in the data collection were the general characteristics of family caregivers and patients, and the pain intensity and the performance status of patients. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon sign rank test and paired t-test using SPSSWIN program. The results of the study were as follows: 1.The perceived social support of family caregivers was not significantly increased with informational support for hospice care(t=1.64, one tailed p=.060). 2.The anxiety of family caregivers was significantly reduced following informational support for hospice care(t=3.48, one tailed p=.002). 3.The depression of family caregivers was significantly reduced following informational support for hospice care(t=-2.18, one tailed=.022). 4.The pain intensity of patients with terminal cancer was significantly reduced following informational support for hospice care(t=-2.41, two tailed p=.027). The results suggest that the informational support provided to family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer reduced not only their anxiety and depression but also the pain intensity of patients. Further study is necessary to consolidate the conceptual framework of this study with expanded number of subjects. Nevertheless, it was certain that the informational support program for hospice care was very helpful to both caregivers and patients. Thus, the informational support program is strongly recommended for the hospitals which have no hospice unit yet.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on spiritual well-being and depression level of the hospice patients. Method: The subjects for this study were collected from 62 patients who were admitted in the hospice care unit from July 28, 2002 to October 31, 2002 in D city K hospital. Subjects were 31 members of the experimental group and 31 members of the control group. It was devised with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The spiritual nursing intervention was given by using the therapeutic use of self, Scripture, prayer, Hymn and music, use of church community involvement and refer to pastors according to assessment of patients' spiritual need for 3 weeks(total 12 times and 1 hour per each intervention). Sangsoon Choi(1990) and Jungho Kang(1996)'s spiritual well-being scale, which was modified from Palautzian and Ellison(1982)'s spiritual well-being scale, was used to investigate patients' spiritual well-being. To investigate level of depression, OkHyun Song(1977)'s Depression Scale, which was modified from Zung(1965)'s Depression Inventory, was used. Data were analyzed by x2-test, t-test, Repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS/Win 10.0 program. Results: 1.The 1st hypothesis, 'total spiritual well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.28, p=0.015, Interaction: p=0.000). 2.The 1-1st sub-hypothesis, 'religious well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=12.75, p=0.001, Interaction: p=0.000). 3.The 1-2nd sub-hypothesis, 'existential well-being score in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be higher than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=6.87, p=0.016, Interaction: p=0.000). 4.The 2nd hypothesis, 'depression level in the experimental group, who received the spiritual nursing intervention, will be lower than the control group who did not receive the spiritual nursing intervention' was supported(F=10.45, p=0.002, Interaction: p=0.000). Conclusion: From the above results, spiritual nursing intervention was an effective program to improve spiritual well-being state and decrease depression level for the hospice patients. In the future, when the spiritual intervention, which the researcher developed, applied on nursing field, the hospice patients can have comprehensive well being including spiritual well being and peaceful dying life.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.126-133
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• 2020

This study was conducted with a randomized control group pretest-posttest study design to investigate the effects of a combined arts education program combining choral and respiratory training on the respiratory function, stress, and quality of life of university students. Twenty-five university students were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=13) who participated in the combined arts education program and the control group (n=12) who participated in the general arts education program. As a result, there was a significant difference in the lung capacity, respiratory strength, stress and quality of life scale before and after the experiment in the experimental group (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the rest of the tests showed significant differences (p<0.05), except for the result FEV1. Through the results of this study, the combined art education program that combines chorus and breathing training will be beneficial as a program to improve stress reduction, breathing function and quality of life of university students.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Death Education Program which had been provided to family caregivers of disabled individuals. A single group pretest-posttest design was employed for this study, which was conducted at a community rehabilitation center located in Ulsan, South Korea. Methods: Death Education Program was conducted for 16 family caregivers of disabled individuals who agreed to participate in this study. A 2.5-hour session was conducted once a week for 10 weeks. To investigate the effects of the education program, structured questionnaires, which assessed the patients and their family member's conceptions on the meaning of life, and their resilience, burden, and attitude towards death, were administered before and after the program. Results: The subjects' conception of the meaning of life and resilience did not significantly change. The median scores for the burden of family caregivers declined, while those for the subjects' attitude towards death increased, after attending the education program. Conclusion: The findings showed that Death Education Program has an affirmative effect on the burden of family caregivers of disabled individuals and their attitude towards death.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2017

This study is a research based on the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design whose purpose is to examine the effects of music therapy on the anxiety of patients who take the Intravenous Urography test and their feeling of discomfort during the test. "The first hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be lower in score for anxiety during the Intravenous UrographyI test than the control group who do not was supported because after the therapy, the experimental group was found significantly decreased in that score in comparison to the control group. "The second hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be fewer in vital signs after the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was rejected in terms of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. But the same hypothesis was partially supported because the two groups showed a significant difference in pulse rate after the test. "The third hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be less in the feeling of subjective discomfort during the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was verified to find that the two groups were significantly different from each other in the feeling. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the two groups in only one sub-area of that These findings suggest that music therapy could be an alternative method which can effectively reduce the state anxiety of patients during the Intravenous Urography test.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: This study is a quasi-experimental research with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design study to compare and verify the educational effects between CPR Song.Video Self-Instruction and CPR VSI. Method: We selected total 58 subjects who were freshmen at the Dept of Emergency Medical technology, G College in G Metropolitan City and 28 of them were experimental group which had no experience to have CPR instruction and consented to take part in this research and 30 students were control group. Data were collected from Apr. 27 to 29, 2009. Data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+(version 14.0). and all significance level was set as p<0.05. Results: 1. In the knowledge of CPR, the knowledge level before CPR instruction was 2.17 out of 10 in experimental group and 1.86 in control group. After CPR instruction, experimental group got 9.07 and it meant the increase of 6.89 and control group showed increase to 7.16(p=0.000). 2. Self-efficacy of CPR showed 2.61 out of 10 in both experimental and control groups, and after CPR instruction, experimental group showed increase of 3.93 as 6.55 and control group showed increase of 3.91 as 6.52(p=0.000). 3. Accuracy of CPR performance was 0.32 out of 10 in experimental group and 0.40 in control group. After CPR instruction, experimental group got 9.25 and showed increase of 8.92 and control group got 9.20 and showed increase of 8.80(p=0.000). 4. Study satisfaction was 4.22 out of 5 in experimental group and 3.04 in control group, and experimental group was higher than control group. there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: This study found that CPR Song；Video Self-Instruction achieved better results than CPR VSI. With these results, it is considered that CPR instruction for college students through mass communication or video will be very helpful.