• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 1993

This study was attempted to investigate the processes of regression of the corpus luteum and uterus after parturition in 2∼3 multiparous Korean native goats. The concentrations of LH, prolactin and progesterone in blood plasma of native goats were measured at 5 day intervals from 10 days prepartum to 35 days postpartum. The pregnancy corpus luteum from goats at Days(D) 1, 10, 20 and 30 days of postpartum were examined by light microscopy. Changes in the uterus fo goats were studies by macroscopic and light microscopic observations during the postpartum period. Mean concentrations of plasma LH were low after parturition and the levels of plasma LH were similar during late gestation and throughout the postpartum period. Mean plasma concentrations of prolactin were 0.30 0.06 and 0.38 0.13ng/ml at Day 5 and Day 10 prepartum, respectively, but PRL levels remained slightly high for 5 weeks after kidding. Mean levels of progesterone in plasma were 0.33 0.05ng/ml on Day 1 postpartum(P<0.01). Through light microscopic survey, pregnancy corpora lutea were quite degeneration by day 10 pospartum. Microscopic changes of CL regression consisted of cytoplasmic eosinophilia and vacuolation, and pyknosis and karyorrhexis of the nucleus of luteal cells. Vascular changes were distended at the periphery ofthe CL. From macroscopic measurements of the uterus, the uteri were returned to their initial non-pregnant stage within a period of 21 dyas after parturition. Following partuition the intercaruncular epithelium was reparied by 20 days. The uterine epithelium was partially recovered in the carucle by 30 days postpartum.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.307-309
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• 2017

A postpartum total uterine prolapse in a 2-years old Korean black goat was presented. This paper reports the clinical management of the case. The everted uterus was carefully assessed and gross debris were gently removed and disinfected with dilute povidone iodine solution. The prolapsed uterus was replaced with epidural anesthesia and retention suture was placed on the vulva. Broad spectrum antibiotics, calcium gluconate, and supportive therapy were administered. The patient made complete recovery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.693-699
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• 2021

The inferior mesenteric artery is a rare source of postpartum hemorrhage. We report two cases of primary postpartum hemorrhage that originated from the inferior mesenteric artery after vaginal delivery. Both patients showed signs of hypovolemic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation was suspected. The bleeding continued even after embolization of the uterine artery, a typical source of postpartum hemorrhage. Inferior mesenteric arteriography confirmed contrast extravasation from the superior rectal artery, and selective embolization was performed using N-butyl cyanoacrylate. This report highlights that the inferior mesenteric artery can be a source of bleeding in patients with intractable and persistent postpartum hemorrhage due to birth canal injury.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.819-827
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• 1995

An attempt to reproduce pyometra by means of experimental uterine infection was conducted with the 10 mongrel hitches of the anestrus, proestrus, metestrus, and postpartum uterine involution stages. Organism used was hemoltic E. coli. origially isolated from uterine pus of a bitch that had the canine pyometra. One ml of broth culture containing $2{\times}10^6$ CFU was inoculated into the uterine horn with the uterine cervix ligated. Aか bitches were ovariohysterectomized at the 7th or 14th day after inoculation and the uterus was provided for macroscopic and microscopic observations. An experimental production of pyometra was successful in 7(70%) of 10 mongrel bitches, and the incidence of pyometra was seen 100% in the stage of anestrus, 100% in the stage of metestrus, 50.0% in the stage of pyomestrus, and 33.359 in the stage of uterine involution. Histologically, these uteri were characterized by the presence of cystic. endomeetrial hyperplasia(CEH) and acute endometritis superimposed on the cystic hyperplasia. And the pyometra with CEH could be seen 66.7% in metestrus 50% in anestrus, 33.3% in involution and in 0% in proestrus stage. Blood progesterone concentrations were showed as a normal range of the each stage of sexual cycle and any relationships between the progesterone concentrations and the incidence of pyometra were not observed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1406-1415
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• 2013

The study was conducted to correlate the periparturient immune status in terms of neutrophil functions and cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture with impending postpartum reproductive disorders in buffaloes. Forty pregnant buffaloes were observed for occurrence of postpartum reproductive disorders (PRD), i.e., metritis, endometritis and delayed uterine involution etc., during one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period. A representative number (n = 6) of buffaloes that did not develop any PRD were included in group I (healthy, control), while the animals which experienced PRD were assigned into group II (PRD, n = 8). The blood samples were collected at weekly interval from one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period considering the day of calving as 'd 0'. Differential leucocytes counts, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production activity in isolated neutrophils and the mRNA expression profile of cytokines i.e., IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in PBMC culture were studied in all the samples. A higher total leucocytes, neutrophil and band cells count along with impaired neutrophil functions i.e., lowered level of production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide before parturition and during early postpartum period were observed in buffaloes developing PRD. Further, a lower expression of IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 mRNA in PBMC culture was observed at calving in buffaloes that subsequently developed PRD at later postpartum. Thus, suppression in neutrophil function and cytokine expression at prepartum to early postpartum period predisposes the buffaloes to develop postpartum reproductive disorders. Hence, monitoring of neutrophils function and cytokine expression profile would be effective to predict certain reproductive disorders at late pregnancy or immediately after parturition in buffaloes. In future, this may be a novel approach for determining suitable management and therapeutic decisions for prevention of commonly occurring reproductive disorders in farm animals.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.427-430
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• 2012

An infertile, three-year-old primiparous cow was diagnosed preliminarily with pyometra by rectal palpation at 180 days postpartum. Ultrasonography showed that the cranial portion of the right uterine horn was distended with fluid, while the base portion of the horn was missing. A dense band of tissue connected the cranial portion of the uterine horn to the uterine body. However, the left uterine horn was normal. Gross postmortem analysis of the reproductive organs confirmed the ultrasonographic observations. Histopathological observations also showed that dark red-brown mucus filled the thin-walled right uterine horn, where neither caruncles nor uterine glands were observed. Finally, this primiparous Holstein cow was diagnosed with segmental aplasia of the right uterine horn.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of intra-uterine infusion of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on uterine involution in dairy cows with retained placenta. The LPS isolated from Bacteroides helcogenes and Fusobaoterium varium was infused at the rate of 100 ug (n=11) and 200 ug (n=11) with 30 ml of phosphate buffer saline in each cow at 20 days post-partum. The cows in conrol group (n=11) with retained placenta were infused with 30 ml phosphate buffer saline in each cow at 20 days postpartum. Cross-sectional ultrasonography was performed at days 40 postpartum to examine uterine involution and exudate in the all dairy cows in study. The cows in control group have shown 45.5, 27.3 and 27.3% gravid horn with less than 30 mm (normal), $31{\sim}50mm$ (medium) and more than 51 mm (large) in diameter. Respective average values of gravid horn diameter in cows treated with LPS 200 ug were noticed 72.7, 18.2 and 9.1%. However, the gravid horn diameter in all the cows treated with 100 ug of LPS was less than 30 mm. The 18.2, 63.6 and 54.6% cows in the control, LPS 100 ug and LPS 200 ug, respectively, have shown no exudate in uterine cavity. However, the respective rates of small amount of exudate retention in uterine cavity were 45.5, 0.0, and 9.1%. Approximately 36.4% cows in all 3 treated groups have shown minute quantity of exudate. In conclusion, the LPS intra-uterine infusion promoted postpartum uterine involution in dairy cows with retained placenta.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.258-265
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• 2018

We aimed to identify the relationships between puerperal metritis (PM) and serum metabolites, uterine health, milk yield, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Blood samples from 150 Holstein dairy cows were collected just after calving, and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postpartum to measure serum concentrations of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), urea nitrogen, total cholesterol (TCH), albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), calcium, and magnesium. PM was diagnosed by the presence of fever (${\geq}39.5^{\circ}C$) and a watery, fetid uterine discharge during the first 14 days after calving. Cows were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of the disease: a control group (n = 83) and a PM group (n = 67). The cows diagnosed with PM were subcutaneously administered with 2.2 mg/kg ceftiofur for 3-5 days. The serum concentrations of BHBA tended to be higher (P = 0.06) and AST was higher (P < 0.05) in the PM group than in the control group 1 week after calving, whereas serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, TCH, albumin, calcium, and magnesium were lower (P < 0.05-0.0001) after calving in the PM group than in the control group. The probability of clinical endometritis was higher (odds ratio = 5.40, P < 0.001) in the PM group than in the control group. Moreover, the proportion of neutrophils in the uterus was also higher in the PM group than in the control group 4, 6, and 8 weeks after calving (P < 0.001). The mean milk yield 1 and 2 months after calving was lower (P = 0.05) in the PM group than in the control group. The hazard of pregnancy by 180 days after calving tended to be lower (hazard ratio = 0.60, P = 0.07) in the PM group than in the control group, which led to an extended mean interval between calving and pregnancy (19 days) in the PM group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, PM is associated with higher postpartum concentrations of BHBA and AST, and lower concentrations of urea nitrogen, TCH, albumin, calcium, and magnesium. Moreover, PM is associated with subsequent poor uterine health, lower milk yield, and poorer reproductive performance in dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.930-935
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• 2004

The present study was aimed to study the effect of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia and autologous plasma on uterine infections. Buffaloes in estrus, 40 days and above postpartum were checked for uterine infections. Animals having uterine infections were randomly divided into three groups of six animals each. Buffaloes in group I, II and III (control) were given intrauterine infusion of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (3,000 mg total dose), autologous plasma (150 ml) and phosphate buffer saline (150 ml) respectively, in three divided doses, once daily for three consecutive days, starting from the day of estrus. A fourth group (IV) comprising of six buffaloes having no uterine infection was also included in the present study. Buffaloes were inseminated artificially on next estrus following treatment and confirmed for pregnancy 60 days later. Bacterial population in CVM of buffaloes in group I, II and III was significantly (p<0.05) higher than group IV. After treatment there was a significant (p<0.01) reduction in bacterial population in group I (83.496$\pm$7.755%) and group II 80.233$\pm$5.799%) than group in III 7.557$\pm$33.551%) at next estrus. There was non-significant improvement in first service conception rate (CR, 33.33%) and overall conception rate (OCR, 27.27%) in group I, in comparison to group III (first service CR-16.67%; OCR-20.0%). No significant improvement was seen in OCR (22.22%) in-group II also in comparison to group III. The improvement in group I was however, nonsignificantly lower than normal animals of group IV (First service CR-16.67%; OCR-36.33%).

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2005

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to verify the effects of aromatherapy on labor pain and perception of the childbirth experience. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this experiment consisted of forty eight primiparas without problems during the gestation period. Twenty four primiparas in the experimental group were given general obstetric nursing care with aromatherapy every two hours. Twenty four primiparas in the control group were given general obstetric nursing care only. Data was collected for labor pain measured by a labor pain expression scale, uterine contraction activity measured by Montevideo units in the latent phase, active phase, and transition phase and the perception of childbirth experience 24hours after birth. Data was analyzed by t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA with an SPSS program. Results: No significant group effects were found, but significant time effects were found for labor pain, and uterine contraction activity. There was no significant difference in postpartum mothers' perception about childbirth. Conclusion: In this study, effects of aromtherapy decreasing labor pain expression, and increasing the perception of childbirth was not found.