• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제24권1_2호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2007

In this paper, we investigate optimal policies for three age-dependent populations in a competition system, which is controlled by fertility. By using Dubovitskii-Milyutin's general theory, the maximum principles are obtained for problems with free terminal states, infinite horizon and target sets, respectively.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2023

본 연구는 인구 감소로 인한 지역의 인구통계학적 구조 변화와 범죄 발생 간의 영향 관계에 있어서 인구 감소의 조절효과를 실증적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 인구통계학적 구조 변화를 구성하는 요인으로 청년층 인구의 변화, 남성 인구의 변화, 노인 인구의 변화, 외국인 인구의 변화, 인구이동의 변화를 선정하였으며, 통제변수로 도시의 유형을 연구모형에 투입하였다. 조절변수로는 인구 감소율을 그리고 종속변수로는 범죄 발생 변화율을 각각 활용하였다. 본 연구는 2010년부터 2022년까지 인구가 감소한 155개 지역을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 자료는 KOSIS 국가통계포털과 정보공개 신청을 통해 수집되었으며, 수집된 자료는 조절회귀분석에 의해 분석되었다. 청년층인구 변화율, 남성 인구 변화율, 노인 인구 변화율, 외국인 인구 변화율, 인구이동 변화율, 인구감소율, 그리고 통제변수인 지역의 유형을 독립변수로 투입한 1단계와 2단계 분석에서 청년층 인구 변화율, 외국인 인구 변화율, 인구이동변화율, 인구감소율, 그리고 지역의 유형이 범죄 발생 변화율에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 인구 감소의 조절효과를 검증하기 위해 조절회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 청년층 인구 변화율, 인구이동 변화율, 그리고 외국인 인구 변화율과 인구 감소율의 상호작용항이 통계학적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2727-2732
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Jiangsu Province of China. Methods: Incidence and mortality data for female breast cancer and corresponding population statistics from eligible cancer registries in Jiangsu from 2006 to 2010 were collected and analyzed. Crude rates, age-specific rates and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality were calculated, and annual present changes (APCs) were estimated to describe the time trends. Results: From 2006 to 2010, 11,013 new cases and 3,068 deaths of female breast cancer were identified in selected cancer registry areas of Jiangsu. The annual average crude incidence and age-standardized incidence by world population (ASW) were 25.2/ and 17.9/100,000 respectively. The annual average crude and ASW for mortality rates were 7.03/ and 4.81/100,000. The incidence was higher in urban areas than that in rural areas, and this was consistent in all age groups. No significant difference was observed in mortality between urban and rural areas. Two peaks were observed when looking at age-specific rates, one at 50-59 years and another at over 85 years. During the 5 years, incidence and mortality increased with APCs of 4.47% and 6.89%, respectively. Compared to the national level, Jiangsu is an area with relatively low risk of female breast cancer. Conclusion: Breast cancer has become a main public health problem among Chinese females. More prevention and control activities should be conducted to reduce the burden of this disease, even in relatively low risk areas like Jiangsu.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.509-517
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• 2010

The paper proposes the misuse types of statistical quality tools according to the kind of data and the number of population in DMAIC process of six sigma. The result presented in this paper can be extended to the QC story 15 steps of QC circle. The study also provides the improvement methods about control chart, measurement system analysis, statistical difference, and practical equivalence.

• 한국인구학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.182-227
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• 1998

정부는 1960년대 초기의 높은 인구증가율이 경제개발의 저해 요인임을 인식하여 1962년부터 시작되는 5개년 단우의 경제개발 장기계획의 일환으로 가족계획사업을 출산조절정책 수단으로 수용하였다. 초창기부터 가족계획사업은 정부의 보건조직망을 통하여 가족계획요원에 의한 피임보급 활동과 지정시술의사에 의한 자궁내장치 및 불임시술 서비스 등이 무료로 제공되었고 특히 피임방법별 목표량 제도와 규제 및 보상 등 사회제도적 지원시책으로 1980년대까지 지속적으로 사업이 강화되었다. 민간단체의 지원활동으로는 대한가족계획협회에 의한 계몽교육사업과 한국 보건사회연구원(초창기에는 가족계획연구원)에 의한 사업평가 및 조사연구사업이 활발히 이루어 졌다. 결과적으로 1960년에 6명 수준이던 합계출산율이 1980년대 중반에 대치수준(2.1)으로 저하되어 30년도 못되는 단기간에 인구전환을 이룩하는 획기적인 성과를 갖게 되었다. 그후 합계출산율은 1.6에서 1.7 범위의 저출산을 유지하고 있으며 이러한 수준이 지속된다면 현 1% 미만인 인구성장률은 2028년에 총인구가 5,060만 수준에서 그 성장을 멈추고 그 후로는 인구의 감소가 초래될 것으로 예상된다. 이에 정부는 1996년 6월에 기존의 인구억제정책을 전면적으로 폐지하고 인구자질향상에 역점을 두는 방향으로 공식적인 정책전환을 이룩하였다. 한편 남아선호사상 등 영향으로 태아의 성감별에 의한 성선별적 인공임신중절로 인하여 출생성비의 불균형이 심화되고 유배우 부인의 인공임신중절도 아직 상당수준으로 높게 지속되고 있어 삶의질 차원에서의 새로운 인구자질향상 정책이 특히 모자보건과 노인보건을 포함하는 전반적인 국민건강증진 프로그램과 함께 더욱 효과적으로 추진되어 복지사회 구현에 기여할 수 있는 사업으로 발전되는 것이 바람직할 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2000

Objective: The effects of cryopreservation with or without coculture on the in vitro development of blastomere-biopsied 8-cell mouse embryos were investigated. This experimental study was originally designed for the setup of a preclinical mouse model for the preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in human. Methods: Eight-cell embryos were obtained after in vitro fertilization (IVF) from F1 hybrid mice (C57BL(표현불가)/CBA(표현불가)). Using micromanipulation, one to four blastomeres were aspirated through a hole made in the zona pellucida by zona drilling (ZD) with acid Tyrode's solution (ATS). A slow-freezing and rapid-thawing protocol with 1.5M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 0.1M sucrose as cryoprotectant was used for the cryopreservation of blastomere- biopsied 8-cell mouse embryos. After thawing, embryos were cultured for 110 hours in Ham's F-10 supplemented with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the coculture group, embryos were cultured for 110 hours on the monolayer of Vero cells in the same medium. The blastocyst formation was recorded, and the embryos developed beyond blastocyst stage were stained with 10% Giemsa to count the total number of nuclei in each embryo. Results: The survival rate of embryos after cryopreservation was significantly lower in the blastomere-biopsied (7/8, 6/8, 5/8, and 4/8 embryos) groups than in the non-biopsied, zona intact (ZI) group. Without the coculture, the blastocyst formation rate of embryos after cryopreservation was not significantly different among ZI, the zona drilling only (ZD), and the balstomere-biopsied groups, but it was significantly lower than in the non-cryopreserved control group. The mean number of cells in embryos beyond blastocyst stage was significantly higher in the control group ($50.2{\pm}14.0$) than in 6/8 ($26.5{\pm}6.2$), 5/8 ($25.0{\pm}5.5$), and 4/8 ($17.8{\pm}7.8$) groups. With the coculture using Vero cells, the blastocyst formation rate of embryos after cryopreservation was significantly lower in 5/8 and 4/8 groups, compared with the control, 7/8, and 6/8 groups. The mean number of cells in embryos beyond blastocyst stage was also significantly lower in 4/8 group ($25.9{\pm}10.2$), compared with the control ($50.2{\pm}14.0$), 7/8 ($56.0{\pm}22.2$), and 6/8 ($55.3{\pm}25.5$) groups. Conclusion: After cryopreservation, blastomere-biopsied mouse embryos have a significantly impaired developmental competence in vitro, but this detrimental effect might be prevented by the coculture with Vero cells in 8-cell mouse embryos biopsied one or two blastomeres. Biopsy of mouse embryos after ZD with ATS is a safe and highly efficient preclinical model for PGD of human embryos.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.5019-5022
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• 2014

Recently, mutations in the genes involved in cell cycle control, including CHEK2, are being considered as etiological factors in different kinds of cancers. The CHEK2 protein plays an important role in protecting damaged DNA from entering mitosis. In this study the potential effects of two common mutations $IVS2+1G{\rightarrow}A$ and Ile157Thr of CHEK2 gene in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) were evaluated. A total of 100 patients admitted to the Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine were diagnosed with DTC based on pathology reports of surgery samples. An additional 100 people were selected as a control group with no cancer history. PCR-HRM (high resolution melting) analysis was performed to deal with each of mutations in all case and control samples separately. During the analysis of $IVS2+1G{\rightarrow}A$ and Ile157Thr mutations of CHEK2 gene in the case and control groups, all the samples were identified as wild homozygote type. The finding suggests that $IVS2+1G{\rightarrow}A$ and Ile157Thr mutations of CHEK2 gene do not constitute a risk factor for DTC in the Iranian population. However, further studies with larger population are required to confirm the outcome.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2002

Stink bug, Canthecona furcellatta (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an important predator of silkworm larvae. Nymphs and adult attack the early stage silkworm larvae and causes about 10-15 per cent loss to silk industry. Synthetic organic pesticides has tremendous impact on minimizing the pest population but repeated and frequent use has created problems of residual toxicity, development of resistance to insecticides, pest resurgence and out break, phyto-toxicity and hazards to non target species and beneficial organism. Silkworms are very sensitive to pesticides; therefore, attempt has made to control the bug population through introduction of its native natural enemies in the silkworm-rearing field. Biological control has tremendous scope in sericulture because it is eco-friendly in nature and non-harmful farmers. Native natural enemies have been screened. Psix striaticeps, Trissolcus spp. and Telenomus spp. have been recorded as the most potential parasitoid against pentatomid bug. Life cycle, sex ratio and other various attributes of the par-asitoids have been recorded. The parasitization potential of the parasitoid is very high and they have the ability to discriminate between parasitized and unpar-asitized host. Mass propopagation technique under laboratory condition has been standaydized.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.123-126
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• 1998

The theoretical foundations of GA are the Schema Theorem and the Building Block Hypothesis. In the Meaning of these foundational concepts, simple genetic algorithm(SGA) allocate more trials to the schemata whose average fitness remains above average. Although SGA does well in many applications as an optimization method, still it does not guarantee the convergence of a global optimum. Therefore as an alternative scheme, there is a growing interest in a co-evolutionary system, where two populations constantly interact and co-evolve in contrast with traditional single population evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new design method of an optimal fuzzy logic controller using co-evolutionary concept. In general, it is very difficult to find optimal fuzzy rules by experience when the input and/or output variables are going to increase. So we propose a co-evolutionary method finding optimal fuzzy rules. Our algorithm is that after constructing two population groups m de up of rule vase and its schema, by co-evolving these two populations, we find optimal fuzzy logic controller. By applying the proposed method to a path planning problem of autonomous mobile robots when moving objects exist, we show the validity of the proposed method.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.163-166
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• 1982

The pine needle gall midge, Therodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye, is the most important insect pest. It requires two different habitats for the development; on trees and under the ground. The habitat specific mortality rates ere $30\~40\%,\;and\;50\~60\%$ for the respective habitats. The key developmental stage is the prepupa, and the key mortality factor is the moisture contents of the soil and its variability. Since the insect is an exotic, the population status is the periphery and in the source of infestation are considerably different. Such a difference in habitats and the population status of the insect should be considered in relation to suppression of the insect. The control strategies should be directional and rational based on the reality of the pest status. There have been substantial information on the control methods of the pine needle gall midge, and each control method has an important place, but none has always provided a satisfactory solution to the many problems associated by this insect. These methods should be applied to a system based on the ecology of the insect. There should be continued support for directed effort on the development of operational management systems for the insect: specifically, estmation of the critical economic injury level, and of the absolute density of the insect.