• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1270-1277
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• 2011

제약산업은 연구개발 비중이 높은 지식기반산업으로 우수한 연구개발 인력에 기초한 연구 역량이 국가경쟁력의 핵심요소로 작용한다. 연구개발 역량이 우수한 국가가 세계시장을 선도하고, 높은 기술력만 있으면 세계 시장지배를 통해 고도성장이 가능한 분야다. 특히 제약분야의 연구개발 역량 강화를 위해서는 적정 규모의 연구인력 확보가 선결되어야할 과제다. 본 연구는 전문가 델파이 기법을 이용하여 제약분야의 연구개발 인력 수급 현황(2007년)과 함께 미래(2017년)의 인력수급 현황에 대해서 조사 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2007년 현재 제약 산업 분야의 연구개발 인력은 적정규모에 비해 약 5,600명 부족한 것으로 평가된다(부족률: 약 18.1%). 둘째, 향후 2017년에는 필요 연구개발 인력 대비 공급이 약 13,500명 부족할 것으로 전망되어 연구인력 수급 불균형은 향후 더 심화될 것으로 전망된다. 본 연구결과는 정부의 제약 분야에 대한 R&D 인력수급 정책의 변화가 없을 경우 향후 인력 수급에 심각한 차질(부족 현상)이 예상됨을 보여주는 만큼 합리적이고 체계적인 연구인력 수급 정책마련이 시급하게 필요함을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2017

본 연구는 농촌흡인요인, 귀농준비정도, 귀농지 주거환경, 귀농 지원정책이 귀농만족도에 미치는 영향에 관해 가족요인을 조절효과로 반영하여 연구하였다. 이는 농촌으로 이주율이 증가하고, 귀농에 대한 관심이 증대 되는 시점에 농촌흡인요인, 귀농준비정도, 귀농지 주거환경, 귀농 지원정책이 귀농만족도에 유익한 영향을 미치는지와 독립변수로 제시된 농촌흡인요인, 귀농준비정도, 귀농지 주거환경, 귀농 지원정책과 종속변수인 귀농만족도 간에 가족요인 조절효과를 분석하여, 귀농만족도에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해서 귀농인을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 진행하였고, 최종적으로 237개의 유효한 설문지를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 인구통계학적 특성을 통제변인으로 하는 다중회귀분석을 진행하였고 가족요인 조절효과는 조절회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 농촌흡인 요인 중 경제적 요인이 높을수록 귀농 만족도가 높아지는 것으로 나타났고, 귀농준비정도에서는 작목준비가, 귀농지 주거환경에서는 안전성, 귀농지원정책에서는 창농지원이 귀농만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 가족요인의 조절효과 분석결과 경제적 요인, 작목준비, 편리성과 귀농만족도 간에 가족요인의 조절 효과가 나타났다. 이러한 연구를 통해, 귀농만족을 높이고 도시로의 재 이주율을 줄이기 위해 귀농정책의 적극적인 지원과 귀농지의 안정성 그리고 귀농흡인 요소에서 경제적인 이익이 증대시키는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다는 결론을 도출하였다.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.61-81
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• 2007

농산물에 대한 시장수요는 가격탄력성이 작기 때문에 기술진보나 여타 생산성 향상요인에 의해 공급이 확대되면 시장가격이 크게 하락하고 농가의 이윤은 감소한다. 일반적인 경쟁시장 작동원리에 따르면 농업 부문에 투입된 부존자원은 다른 산업으로 조정될 것이다. 하지만 농업부문의 경우 다른 산업으로의 신축적인 자원조정(resource adjustment)이 이루어지지 않기 때문에 농산물의 과다 생산과 낮은 소득수준이 지속된다. 정부가 농업부문 보호를 위해 다양한 정책수단을 도입하는 근본적인 이유는 농업부문이 다른 산업에 비해 취약한 수익구조를 가지고 있어 경쟁시장에서는 식량안보라는 편익을 사회적으로 적절한 수준에서 제공하지 못하기 때문이다. 농업부문 보호를 위해 정부가 취하는 대표적인 정책은 가격지지정책과 소득보조정책이다. 직접지불제는 정부가 농가의 소득을 직접적으로 지지하는 보조금의 한 형태로 농산물의 가격과 교역조건에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않아 WTO농업협정의 감축대상 보조금에서 제외되어 최근 새로운 농업보호 수단으로 운용되고 있다. 친환경직불제는 환경보전형 농업에 대한 직접지불제로 농약이나 화학비료를 사용하지 않고 생산하는 농가에 대해 일정 보조금을 지급하는 제도이다. 국내에서 1999년부터 시행되고 있는 친환경직불제는 유기농산물의 공급을 확대시키고 농업시장 개방에 대응한 농업부문의 경쟁력 제고방안을 제시하였다는 점에서 긍정적으로 평가되고 있다. 하지만 실제 공급되는 친환경농산물이 저농약이나 무농약농산물이라는 점과 유기질비료 사용을 적절하게 조절하지 못하고 있다는 점에서 '환경보전형 농업'인지에 대해서는 장담할 수 없는 실정이다. 현행 친환경직불제하에서 농약과 화학비료의 투입량이 감소하는 것은 명확하다. 하지만 유기질비료의 투입이 증가한다는 것도 명확하다. 따라서 농약과 화학비료의 감소에 따른 환경질 개선정도가 유기질비료 투입 증가에 의해 상쇄된다면 친환경직불제의 '친환경성'은 보장되지 않는다. 만약 비료에 대한 수요가 큰 농가를 중심으로 친환경농업이 이루어진다면 친환경직불제의 환경오염 저감잠재력은 더욱 취약해질 것이다. 본 논문은 친환경농업으로의 전환에 대한 유인을 정의하고 낮은 토양질의 농가들이 전환에 더 큰 유인을 갖게 됨을 보이고 있다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.199-223
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• 2013

최근 공공연구기관에서 창출된 연구성과의 활용을 통한 경제적 부가가치의 창출이 R&D 정책의 핵심이슈로 등장하고 있다. 따라서 우리나라도 국가 R&D 성과의 활용 촉진을 위해 다양한 정책을 추진 중에 있으나, 연구성과가 효과적으로 활용 확산되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 공공연구기관의 성과관리 활용 역량 및 활동이 기술이전 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 국내 주요 R&D 수행 대학과 과학기술분야 출연(연) 등 총 84개 기관을 대상으로 2011년 성과관리 활용 역량 및 활동과 기술이전 성과에 관한 자료를 수집해 분석에 활용하였다. 성과관리 활용 역량은 전담조직 운영 유무, 연구자 대비 전담인력 비율, 기술이전 및 사업화 예산으로 측정하였으며, 성과관리 활용 활동은 3P 분석의 정규적 수행, 사전심의의 정규적 수행, 사후관리의 정규적 수행으로 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 성과관리 활용 역량과 관련해 전담조직 운영과 기술이전 및 사업화 예산은 기술이전 성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 성과관리 활용 활동과 관련해 3P 분석의 정규적 수행, 사전심의의 정규적 수행, 사후관리의 정규적 수행은 모두 기술이전 성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 기술이전 등 성과활용 촉진을 위해 요구되는 성과관리 활용 역량 및 활동에 대한 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 향후 국가 R&D의 성과활용 촉진을 위한 정책 수립, 특히 성과관리 활용 전담조직 및 예산 확보뿐만 아니라 연구자의 성과관리 활용 촉진을 위한 인식 제고와 함께 적극적인 활동을 견인할 수 있는 지침을 마련하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2007

Relative value scales introduced in 2001 remarkably improved health insurance fee schedule, but current relative value scales have many problems. In the beginning the government intended to introduce 'resource based relative value scales(RBRVSs)' like USA, but political adjustment of RBRVS studied in 19.17 weakened the relationship between relative value scale and resource consumption. So unbalance of health insurance fees are existing till now. Also relative value was not divided to physician work and practice expense, and malpractice fee was not divided separately. To correct the unbalance of current relative value scales, the refinement project of health insurance relative value scales started in 2003. The project team divided relative value scales into three components, which are physician work, practice expense, malpractice fee. Physician work was studied by professional organizations like Korean medical association. To develop the practice expense relative value, project team organized clinical practice expert panels(CPEPs) composed of physicians, nurses, and medical technicians. CPEPs constructed direct expense data like labor costs, material costs, equipment costs about each medical procedures. The practice expense relative values of medical procedures were developed by the allocation of the institution level direct & indirect costs according to CPEPs direct costs. Institution level direct & indirect costs were collected in 21 hospitals, 98 medical clinics, 53 dental clinics, 78 oriental clinics, and 46 pharmacies. The malpractice fee relative values were developed through the survey of malpractice related costs of hospitals, clinics, pharmacies. Putting together three components of relative values in one scale, the final relative values were made. The final relative values were calculated under budget neutrality by medical departments, that is, total relative value score of a department was same before and after the revision. but malpractice fee relative value scores were added to total scores of relative values. So total score of a department was increased by the malpractice fee relative value score of that department This project failed in making 'resource based' relative value scales in the true sense of the word, because the total relative value scores of medical departments were fixed. However the project team constructed the objective basis of relative value scale like physician's work, direct practice expense, malpractice fee. So step by step making process of the basis, the fixation of total scores by the departments will be resolved and the resource based relative value scale will be introduced in true sense.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2020

본 연구는 사회복지 담당공무원과 일반행정직 공무원의 직무스트레스의 수준에 대한 선행연구가 충분하지 않은 점을 고려하여 직무스트레스에 대한 실증분석의 연구결과에 따른 이론적 시사점과 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 하는 데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해서 G광역시 시청과 5개 자치구청(동 주민센터 포함)에서 근무하고 있는 사회복지직과 일반행정직 공무원을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 통계프로그램을 사용하여 직무스트레스의 하위변수에 대한 평균을 통한 기술적 통계를 구하였다. 분석결과, 직무요구도, 직무자율성인 직무내적 요인과, 직무불안정, 조직체계, 관계 갈등, 보상 부적절, 직장문화인 직무외적 요인 모두에서 사회복지 담당공무원과 일반행정직 공무원의 주관적인 인식 수준에는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 사회복지 전담공무원의 자존감 부여와 담당업무의 개선과 업무량을 적정한 수준으로의 조정이 필요한 정책적 방안을 제시하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.273-275
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• 2017

It has been forty years since the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) in South Korea. Following the 1977 legislature mandating medical insurance for employees and dependents in firms with more than 500 employees, South Korea expanded its health insurance to urban residents in 1989. Resultantly, total expenses of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) have greatly increased from 4.5 billion won in 1977 to 50.89 trillion won in 2016. With multiple insurers merging into the NHI system in 2000, a single-payer healthcare system emerged, along with separation policy of prescribing and dispensing. Following such reform, an emerging financial crisis required injections from the National Health Promotion Fund. Forty years following the introduction of the NHI system, both praise and criticism have been drawn. In just 12 years, the NHI achieved the fastest health population coverage in the world. Current medical expenditure is not high relative to the rest of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The quality of acute care in Korea is one of the best in the world. There is no sign of delayed diagnosis and/or treatment for most diseases. However, the NHI has been under-insured, requiring high-levels of out-of-pocket money from patients and often causing catastrophic medical expenses. Furthermore, the current environmental circumstances of the NHI are threatening its sustainability. Low birth rate decline, as well as slow economic growth, will make sustainment of the current healthcare system difficult in the near future. An aging population will increase the amount of medical expenditure required, especially with the baby-boomer generation of those born between 1955 and 1965. Meanwhile, there is always the problem of unification for the Korean Peninsula, and what role the health insurance system will have to play when it occurs. In the presidential election, health insurance is a main issue; however, there is greater focus on expansion and expenditure than revenue. Many aspects of Korea's NHI system (1977) were modeled after the German (1883) and Japanese (1922) systems. Such systems were created during an era where infections disease control was most urgent and thus, in the current non-communicable disease (NCD) era, must be redesigned. The Korean system, which is already forty years old, must be redesigned completely. Although health insurance benefit expansion is necessary, financial measures, as well as moral hazard control measures, must also be considered. Ultimately, there are three aspects that we must consider when attempting redesign of the system. First, the health security system must be reformed. NHI and Medical Aid must be amalgamated into one system for increased effectiveness and efficiency of the system. Within the single insurer system of the NHI must be an internal market for maximum efficiency. The NHIS must be separated into regions so that regional organizers have greater responsibility over their actions. Although insurance must continue to be imposed nationally, risk-adjustment must be distributed regionally and assessed by different regional systems. Second, as a solution for the decreasing flow of insurance revenue, low premium level must be increased to an appropriate level. Likewise, the national reserve fund (No. 36, National Health Insurance Act) must be enlarged for re-unification preparation. Third, there must be revolutionary reform of benefit package. The current system built a focus on communicable diseases which is inappropriate in this NCD era. Medical benefits must not be one-time events but provide chronic disease management. Chronic care models, accountable care organization, patient-centered medical homes, and other systems that introduce various benefit packages for beneficiaries must be implemented. The reimbursement system of medical costs should be introduced to various systems for different types of care, as is the case with part C (Medicare Advantage Program) of America's Medicare system that substitutes part A and part B. Pay for performance must be expanded so that there is not only improvement in quality of care but also medical costs. Moreover, beneficiaries of the NHI system must be aware of the amount of their expenditure through a deductible payment system so that spending can be profiled and monitored. The Moon Jae-in Government has announced its plans to expand the NHI system; however, it is important that a discussion forum is created so that more accurate analysis of the NHI, its environments, and current status of health care system, can take place for reforming NHI.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권10B호
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• pp.946-961
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• 2008

본 연구는, IT중소기업에 대한 기술혁신 지원사업이 본래의 정책목표에 맞게 운용되고 있는지를 확인하고, 개선된 사업구조로의 재구축을 위한 정책적 제안을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 첫째, 기술혁신 지원사업의 수혜대상 IT중소기업군과 비수혜기업군의 대응표본을 비교하여, 정책목표에 부합된 맞춤형 지원의 실시여부를 검토한다. 둘째, 사업년도 경과에 따른 IT중소기업 기술혁신 지원사업별 포지셔닝 (positioning)의 추이를 사업 포트폴리오분석 (business portfolio analysis)을 응용하여 조사한다. 셋째, 기술혁신 지원사업간 '공동참여연결망' (affiliation network) 행렬을 정의 작성한 후, 다차원척도법 (multidimensional scaling method)을 활용한 IT중소기업 기술혁신 지원사업간 연관성에 대한 분석을 시도한다. '07년 정보통신부 (MIC)의 IT중소기업 기술혁신 지원사업으로서 14개 관리기관이 보유한 31개 지원사업의 '03-'06년 4개 사업년도 수혜기업 8,994개 및 한국정보통신산업협회 (KAIT) IT기업 DB에서 '03-'06년 4개 사업년도중 수혜기록이 전혀 없는 18,354개 비수혜기업중, '03년 기준 2-5년의 기업업력을 갖는 비수혜기업 8,035개가 대응표본으로 추출되어 분석된다. 분석결과; 1) 최근까지 본래의 정책목표에 부합하는 IT중소기업들이 수혜기업으로 적합하게 선정된 것으로 검토되었다; 2) 하지만, 사업년도 경과에 따라 (1) 지원시점 기업업력 및 매출액은 함께 증가하고, (2) 지원시점 무형자산비율 감소 및 영업이익률 증가와 같은 뚜렷한 추이가 감지되기에, 창업 초기 IT중소기업에 대한 '출발기금' (seed money) 제공의 역할은 점진적으로 약화되는 것으로 조사되므로, 이에 대한 적시의 조치가 필요하다; 3) 한편, 다차원척도법의 모형 적합도가 낮긴 했지만, 직접지원사업과 비교할 때 간접지원사업의 경우 상대적으로, 기술혁신 지원사업간 연관성이 더 클 가능성이 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

Despite the enforcement of SSM control laws such as 'the Law of Developing the Distribution Industry (LDDI)' and 'the Law of Promoting Mutual Cooperation between Large and Small/medium Enterprises (LPMC)' stipulating the business adjustment system, the number of super-supermarkets (SSMs) has ever been expanding in Korea. In France, however, Super Centers are being regulated most strongly and directly in the whole Europe viewing that there is not a single SSM in Paris, which is emphasized to be the outcome from French government's regulation exerted on the opening of large scale retail stores. In France, the authority to approve store opening is deeply centralized and the store opening regulation is a socio-economic regulation driven by economic laws whereas EU strongly regulates the distribution industry. To control the French distribution industry, such seven laws and regulations as Commission départementale d'urbanisme commercial guidelines (CDLIC) (1969), the Royer Law (1973), the Doubin Law (1990), the Sapin Law (1993), the Raffarin Law (1996), solidarite et renouvellement urbains (SRU) (2000), and Loi de modernisation de l'économie (LME) (2009) have been promulgated one by one since the amendment of the Fontanet guidelines, through which commercial adjustment laws and regulations have been complemented and reinforced while regulatory measures have been taken. Even in the course of forming such strong regulatory laws, InterMarche, the largest supermarket chain in France, has been in existence as a global enterprise specialized in retail distribution with over 4,000 stores in Europe. InterMarche's business can be divided largely into two segments of food and non-food. As a supermarket chain, InterMarche's food segment has 2,300 stores in Europe and as a hard-discounter store chain in France, Netto has 420 stores. Restaumarch is a chain of traditional family restaurants and the steak house restaurant chain of Poivre Rouge has 4 restaurants currently. In addition, there are others like Ecomarche which is a supermarket chain for small and medium cities. In the non-food segment, the DIY and gardening chain of Bricomarche has a total of 620 stores in Europe. And the car-related chain of Roady has a total of 158 stores in Europe. There is the clothing chain of Veti as well. In view of InterMarche's management strategies, since its distribution strategy is to sell goods at cheap prices, buying goods cheap only is not enough. In other words, in order to sell goods cheap, it is all important to buy goods cheap, manage them cheap, systemize them cheap, and transport them cheap. In quality assurance, InterMarche has guaranteed the purchase safety for consumers by providing its own private brand products. InterMarche has 90 private brands of its own, thus being the retailer with the largest number of distributor brands in France. In view of its IT service strategy, InterMarche is utilizing a high performance IT system so as to obtainas much of the market information as possible and also to find out the best locations for opening stores. In its global expansion strategy of international alliance, InterMarche has established the ALDIS group together with the distribution enterprises of both Spain and Germany in order to expand its food purchase, whereas in the non-food segment, it has established the ARENA group in alliance with 11 international distribution enterprises. Such strategies of InterMarche have been intended to find out the consumer needs for both price and quality of goods and to secure the purchase and supply networks which are closely localized. It is necessary to cope promptly with the constantly changing circumstances through being unified with relevant regions and by providing diversified customer services as well. In view of the InterMarche's positive policy for promoting local partnerships as well as the assistance for enhancing the local economic structure, implications are existing for those retail distributors of our country.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-148
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• 1989

This study attempts of analyze empirically the living status of the elderly in Korea by finding out the problems of it in the family and by clarifying the influences of the family environmental variables and the values on the adjustment of the aged. To carryout the aim of this study, the causes and the patterns of the problems for the aged had been found out through the review of literature. Based on them the questionnaire was prepared including the questions of the values, family environmental vriables as well as the degree of satisfaction of thier liver and the extent of life interchange. The former variables were taken as independent and the latter were taken as dependent variables, so that the relationship between the two variables could be exemplified. The 400 aged over 60 living in Seoul and the other cities were selected through the purposive sampling and interviewed. The answers of the 376 respondents, 94% of the sample, were analyzed for this study. The following results have been found out through the various statistical analysis such as frequency distribution, chi-square test, pearson's correlation, analysis of variance and cluster analysis. At first, the results from the examination of the frequency distribution regarding the living status of the aged are; I) sixteen percent of the respondents living with their married offspring were receiving economical support, though they pointed out the problems of the extended family are the inconveniences with their children (60%) and simpleness (20%) of their livers. It seems that the aged in Korea are poor and have negative opinion on the relationship with their offspring even if they live in the same house. Secondly, it has been found out that the family environmental variables, especially such as sex, occupation, residence, education, level, living ability and the family type, play and important role not only on the degree of satisfaction of their liver but also on the extent of interchange of their lives. However, the variables such as religion and whether the spouse is alive or not do not play and important role. Thirdly, the reported main reasons of their delightness were healthy life (1.87%), the well-being of their offspring (2.08%), the spouse's long life (3.38%), religious activity (5.05%), the hobby activity (4.31%) and the participation in the social activity (5.05%). While, they mainly concern about the illness (1.98%), offspring (2.00%), econmic difficulties (3.39%), inharmonious home (3.81%) and the despicable treatment (3.81%). The respondents wer classified into two groups, they are dependent and independent, using cluster analysis. Health, social activity, offspiring, religion, couple's long life among the factors which lead them to be delighted were turned out to be statistically signhificant at 0.01 significance level between the two groups. As far as their worrisome matters are concerned, health and economic difficulties were significantly different between the two groups. Fourthly, regarding the life interchange, it has been proved that there is a statistically significant differences betwwen the two groups in the economic and the emotional satisfaction, help for ordinary life, status in the family, subjective and objective relationship with offspring, but not in economic dependency and the activity status. Fifthly, it has been noted that there is a high correlation between the degree of life's satisfaction and the extent of life interchange. On the basis of the results mentioned above, it could be concluded taht; i) The majority of the aged in Korea are not economically active, and thus they live with their married offspring even of they have a negative opinion on the subjective relationship with them. This can be pointed out as the main problem of the aged and thus it needs to be studied further. ii) the environmental variables such as age, sex education level, family type and occuption (which can not be changed by their effrot) turned out to give an important effect on the extent of the life interchange among the aged. iii) The respondents who are identified as independent group have a higher degree of life satisfaction and family status than the group identified as defendent. Thus, it can be inferred that it is possible for them to adjust their life by making an effort to modify themselves. iv) The high correlation between the extent of life interchange and the degree of life satisfaction indicates that the elderly themselves can adjust in order to obtain the higher degree of life satisfaction. Therefore, the following suggestions are derived from this study. First of all, the aged should try to be psychologically independent. Second, they need to control themselves in order to achieve self-assurance. Third, the community have to prepare a program of self-development for the aged. Fourth, the social welfare policy that can solve the problem of illness and poverty of the elderly should be introduced, so that their minimum requirements can be satisfied.