• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate gait factor and muscle activity depending on hiking poles-using. Eight healthy men volunteered for this experiment. Each of them performed down-hill walking with hiking poles-using and without poles at speed of 3.5km/h for 45 minutes on a treadmill. The treadmill was set 25% down-hill inclination. Kinematic data collected in 60Hz were recorded and analyzed by using 2D motion capture system to measure step time and step length so on. And the lower extremity muscle activities were simultaneously recorded in 1500Hz and assessed by using EMG. The statistical analysis was the paired t-test with repeated measures to compare between hiking poles-using and without poles. The level of statistical significance for all tests was .05. The results of this study were following : Step time was showed statistically different according to pole conditions. That is, the case of poles-using was longer than without poles in step time. Also, step length was showed statistically different between two conditions. Step length about trials with poles was longer than trials without poles. In the muscle activity, the case of all muscles was not showed statistical significance about pole conditions. However, in most muscles IEMG, there were some decreasing-trend relatively when hiking polesusing.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.4C no.6
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• pp.268-271
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• 2004

An analytic design formula is proposed for a TEM mode dielectric bandpass filter with attenuation poles at desired frequencies in the stop band. In order to sustain the constant ripple in the passband due to attenuation poles, the initial resonant frequencies of the various resonators adopted in a filter with attenuation poles are newly calculated. The proposed design theory is verified by designing various bandpass filters with attenuation poles in the stop band.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.219-226
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• 2022

The seismic responses of traffic light poles are investigated using a finite element analysis. Among the traffic light poles, single- and bi-directional traffic light poles are considered since such poles are frequently installed on vehicle roads. For a more detailed investigation, three different lengths of the mast arm are considered for each directional pole. For a time-history analysis, six actual and two artificial earthquakes are considered and applied to each direction of the poles (x and y) to investigate which direction input provides more significant responses due to the unsymmetrical structural shape. Herein, the x and y directions are respectively parallel and perpendicular based on the single mast pole case. From the analysis results, the average maximum displacement response is developed with the x-direction input case for both types of light poles. Also, the bi-directional traffic light poles show a 13% larger response than the single-directional traffic light poles. Even though the y-direction input case produces a smaller response, the response difference between the single- and bi-directional light poles considerably increases by about 60%. The average maximum acceleration responses are almost similar for both types of light poles.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.237-244
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• 2023

This study analyzes the seismic response of traffic light poles, considering soil-foundation effects through nonlinear static and time history analyses. Two poles are investigated, uni-directional and bi-directional, each with 9 m mast arms. Finite element models incorporate the poles, soil, and concrete foundations for analysis. Results show that the initial stiffness of the traffic light poles decreases by approximately 38% due to soil effects, and the drift ratio at which their nonlinear behavior occurs is 77% of scenarios without considering soil effects. The maximum acceleration response increases by about 82% for uni-directional poles and 73% for bi-directional poles, while displacement response increases by approximately 10% for uni-directional and 16% for bi-directional poles when considering soil-foundation effects. Additionally, increasing ground motion intensity reduces soil restraints, making significant rotational displacement the dominant response mechanism over flexural displacement for the traffic light poles. These findings underscore the importance of considering soil-foundation interactions in analyzing the seismic behavior of traffic light poles and provide valuable insights to enhance their seismic resilience and safety.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.208-211
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• 2007

In a recently proposed method of model reduction for discrete interval systems, the denominator polynomial of a reduced model is computed by applying interval arithmetic to dominant poles of the original system. However, the denominator polynomial obtained via interval arithmetic usually has poles with larger intervals than desired ones. Hence an unstable polynomial can be derived from the stable polynomial. In this paper a simple technique is presented to partially overcome such a stability problem by accurately preserving desired real dominant poles.

• Clean Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

We have introduced switching poles in the conventional electrolysis for the removal of ammonia in aquaculture wastewater to prevent the fouling on the electrode surface by the deposition of insoluble metallic compounds. We have also tried to locate the optimal period of switching poles considering the effect of the current loss during switching poles on the free chlorine generation. First, we have observed the decrease of free chlorine generation with the decrease of the period of switching poles due to the expected current loss, and this would lead to the decrease of ammonia removal efficiency. Meanwhile, the measurement of calcium and magnesium concentration in wastewater vs. the period of switching poles have demonstrated that a properly low level of fouling on the electrode surface could be retained with a period of switching poles of less than 60 sec by the decomposition of metallic compounds during switching poles. In a summary, we have optimized the period of switching poles to gain a high level of free chlorine generation and a high level of fouling prevention on the electrode at the same time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.608-616
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• 2018

If a general nonlinear system is linearized by the successive multiplication of the 1st and 2nd order systems, then there are four types of poles in this linearized system: the pole of the 1st order system and the equal poles, two distinct real poles, and complex conjugate pair of poles of the 2nd order system. Linear Quadratic (LQ) control is a method of designing a control law that minimizes the quadratic performance index. It has the advantage of ensuring the stability of the system and the pole placement of the root of the system by weighted matrix adjustment. LQ control by the weighted matrix can move the position of the pole of the system arbitrarily, but it is difficult to set the weighting matrix by the trial and error method. This problem can be solved using the characteristic equations of the Hamiltonian system, and if the control weighting matrix is a symmetric matrix of constants, it is possible to move several poles of the system to the desired closed loop poles by applying the control law repeatedly. The paper presents a method of calculating the state weighting matrix and the control law for moving the equal poles with Jordan blocks to two real poles using the characteristic equation of the Hamiltonian system. We express this characteristic equation with a state weighting matrix by means of a trigonometric function, and we derive the relation function (${\rho},\;{\theta}$) between the equal poles and the state weighting matrix under the condition that the two real poles are the roots of the characteristic equation. Then, we obtain the moving-range of the two real poles under the condition that the state weighting matrix becomes a positive semi-finite matrix. We calculate the state weighting matrix and the control law by substituting the two real roots selected in the moving-range into the relational function. As an example, we apply the proposed method to a simple example 3rd order system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2011

This paper presents a novel bearingless switched reluctance motor (BLSRM) with decoupled torque and suspending stator poles. BLSRM is different from conventional bearingless switched reluctance motors (SRMs) because its suspending poles are separated from the torque poles. Perpendicularly placed suspending poles are designed to produce a continuous radial force to suspend the rotor. Due to the independent suspending and torque poles, BLSRM produces a suspending force with excellent linearity according to the rotor position and independent characteristics of the torque current. The air-gap is easier to control than in conventional SRMs with their linear and independent characteristics. Furthermore, to verify the proposed structure, a mathematical model for the suspending force is derived. Finite element analysis is also employed to compare BLSRM and conventional SRMs expressions of suspending force. A prototype motoris designed and manufactured to verify the effectiveness of the proposed bearingless structure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.35-44
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• 2014

This study was to secure the safety of poor appearance distribution concrete poles effectively and to reduce the replacement costs of them by developing a soundness evaluation index. The researcher of this study investigated poor appearance types of concrete pole, collected 53 of test samples, and tested pole strength. As a result of strength test, only 17 percent of poor appearance concrete poles were below 2.0 of safety factor spec. As results of multiple regression analysis, it is verified that surface air void, horizontal crack, net-shaped crack, elapsed year, vertical crack, and deterioration in concrete compressive strength have statistically negative effects on safety factor of concrete poles in a significant level. The researcher set up a soundness evaluation index by using multiple regression equation, and suggested that poor appearance concrete poles should be replaced or reinforced only in case of soundness evaluation score of 150 or above.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2009

This paper studies the problem of pole placement by an LQ controller for system having two distinct real poles. Using the so-called Pole's Moving Range (PMR) drawn in the s-plane and relational equations between closed-loop system poles and weighting matrices, we calculate the state weighting matrix to move two distinct real poles to a pair of complex poles. By numerical examples, we show that the proposed method is applied to improve system performance.