• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the degradability and digestibility of crude protein (CP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and individual amino acids (AA) on six by-product feedstuffs (BPF) (rice bran, RB; wheat bran, WB; corn gluten feed, CGF; tofu residue, TR; spent mushroom substrate from Pleurotus ostreatus, SMSP; brewers grain, BG) as ruminants feed. Three Hanwoo steers (40 months old, $520{\pm}20.20kg$ of body weight) fitted with a permanent rumen cannula and T-shaped duodenal cannula were used to examine of the BPF using in situ nylon bag and mobile bag technique. The bran CGF (19.2%) and food-processing residue BG (19.7%) had the highest CP contents than other feeds. The RUP value of bran RB (39.7%) and food-processing residues SMSP (81.1%) were higher than other feeds. The intestinal digestion of CP was higher in bran RB (44.2%) and food-processing residues BG (40.5%) than other feeds. In addition, intestinal digestion of Met was higher in bran RB (55.7%) and food-processing residues BG (44.0%) than other feeds. Overall, these results suggest that RB and BG might be useful as main raw ingredients in feed for ruminants. Our results can be used as baseline data for ruminant ration formulation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.225-227
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• 2004

Hukbaek oyster mushroom were bred and cultivated one after mating spores from Aenutari 1-ho irradiated to X-ray and Byungnutari 1-ho. The major charateristics of the mushroom are showing that pileus is black-brown and stems are pure-white and straight. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was around $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and that for the pinheading and growth of fruitbody was around $14{\sim}16^{\circ}C$. Around 20 days at $20^{\circ}C$ were required for incubation time and the yield was shown high by 142.8g/bottle. When the cultivating temperature is over $17^{\circ}C$ the color of pileus becomes gray-brown.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2015

'Daejang 3ho' is a new cultivar of oyster mushroom for high productivity than that of Chunchu 2ho. This cultivar was bred by Di-mon mating between monokaryotic strains isolated from 'Daejang 1ho' and dikaryotic strain 'Jangan 5ho'. The color of pileus and the shape of pileus of new cultivar were dark gray and deeply funnel shape, respectively. The length and thickness of stipe were longer and thicker than those of Chunchu 2ho. It took 4~5 days to formation of primordia, that was a similar to Chunchu 2ho. The optical temperature of fruit body was $14-17^{\circ}C$. Yield of 'Daejang 3ho' was 13.9% higher than that of Chunchu 2ho. Analysis of RAPD by URP-primer of #03, #08, #10 and #11 showed that different band pattern those of other strains. There were no significant differences between the texture properties of 'Daejang 3ho' and Chunchu 2ho.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2007

A new variety of oyster mushroom 'Choengsan' was developed with crossing between monokaryotic strains derived from Suhan and Wonhyoung #3. It was developed by Agriproduct Processing Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2006. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was around $27{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ and that of fruiting body was $14{\sim}17^{\circ}C$. The color of pileus was dark-gray color. The period of primordial occurrence was about 20 days in bed cultivation using cotton waste and the yields were $38kg/3.3m^2$.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.244-248
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• 2016

In order to isolate thermophilic bacteria with high activity of CMCase and xylanase, spent mushroom substrates was collected from an oyster mushroom cultivation farm in Jinju, Gyeongnam, Korea. Among the isolates, one strain designated as YJ09 was selected by agar diffusion method. The isolate YJ09 was identified as a member of Bacillus licheniformis based on biochemical characteristics using Bacillus ID kit and MicroLog system. Comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that isolate YJ09 formed a distinct phylogenetic tree within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis with sequence similarity of 98.9%. Based on its physiological properties, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, the isolate YJ09 was classified as Bacillus licheniformis. The CMCase and xylanase activity of B. licheniformis YJ09 was slightly increased corresponding to the bacterial population from exponential phase to stationary phase in the growth curve of B. licheniformis YJ09.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 1984

Culture conditions for yeast production from the acid hydrolyzate of the 2nd waste composts of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) were determined. Among the yeast strains tested, Candida quilliermondii JAFM 215, which was culture at $30^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0, showed good culture yield. Yeast production was the highest yield with the medium composition of 0.3% $NH_4Cl$, 0.15% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.02% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 0.05% $CaCl_2$. Yeast growth was increased at the concentration of 0.001 to 0.01% furfural, but at the higher concentration the yeast growth was inhibited. Utilization rate of sugar was 86.2%, and yield of yeast from sugar was 50.45%. Crude protein of yeast ranged from 50 to 52%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 1987

Twelve species of fungi were isolated from rice straw media for oyster mushroom cultivation. Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Rhizopus were the predominant fungi. Seven species of Trichoderma were isolated and identified from the rice straw media and the order of their frequency in the media was pseudokonigii, aureoviride, viride, harzianum and koningii. Occurrence of harmful fungi in mushroom houses become more severe as the number of cultivation times increased, and that was more severe in spring culture than in autumn culture. Mycelial growth and sporulation of Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Rhizopus were fovorable on the media appended with extracts of rice straws and oyster mushrooms. This results indicate that the rice straw media and mushrooms give favorable conditions for the occurrence of the fungi in the mushroom houses. Mycelial growth of Trichoderma spp. was favorable on saw­dust extraction media and rice bran extraction media, and the spawns inoculated at the mushroom beds present media of the fungi.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the effects of the number of air exchanges (NAE) on shape fruit body in two oyster mushrooms, Chunchu 2# and Suhan 2#. The suitable NAEs of Chunchu 2# were $1/10h^{-1}$ at primordial induction, $1/6h^{-1}$ at early stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at middle stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at late stage of growth and those of Suhan 2# were $1/6h^{-1}$ at primordial induction, $1/6h^{-1}$ at early stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at middle stage of growth, and $1/2h^{-1}$ at late stage of growth. In those conditions, the fruit bodies grew well. $CO_2$ concentration hardly affected the primordial formation of both mushrooms. However there were ventilation disturbances over 1500ppm. For instance, the end of pileus rolled up etc. As a result, Suhan 2# required higher ventilation compared with Chunchu 2# and the lower NAE was favorable for growth.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.947-952
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mushrooms on the growth of intestinal lactic acid bacteria. Bifidobacterium breve and the total intestinal flora of human and rats were inoculated in the general anaerobic medium which contained each mushroom water extract. Except Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes, the mushroom extracts induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria by decreasing pH of the broth. The pH decreasing effect was excellent especially with Lentinus edodes, Agarocus bisporus and Coriorus versicolor. This effect was due to the increase in the number of Bifidobacterium in the intestinal bacterid. This growth of lactic acid bacteria effectively inhibited the bacterial enzymes, ${\beta}-glucosidase,\;{\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase, of intestinal bactetria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1573-1578
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diets that contained different levels of fungal treated wheat straw on the intake, digestibility and performance of lactating cows. Eight primiparous Holstein cows, in late lactation ranging from $170{\pm}10$ days in milk and yielding $14.3{\pm}1.3$ kg/d of fat corrected milk (FCM) were allocated into four diets with 0, 10, 20 and 30% fungal (Pleurotus ostreatus coded P-41) treated wheat straw in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square experiment. The daily intake of DM, OM, DOM, CP and TDN were not affected by substitution of alfalfa hay with fungal treated wheat straw. Inclusion of the treated straw at different levels in the diet did not affect the digestibility of nutrients, except for the ADF that was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the diet contained 30% treated straw. The types of the diet did not significantly affect daily milk and FCM production. The milk composition including fat, protein, lactose, solid non-fat (SNF) and total solid (TS) were not statistically (p>0.05) different among the diets. All cows gained weight, but the inclusion of treated straw to the diet significantly (p<0.05) increased the body weight gain and the highest amount was obtained in the diet containing 20% treated. Inclusion of fungal treated wheat straw up to 30% of the diet of lactating cows supplemented with a protein source such as cottonseed meal had not affected the nutrients intake and lactation performance.