• Title/Summary/Keyword: platinum resistance

Search Result 110, Processing Time 0.035 seconds

Eloctrostatic Electrification Properties of Silicone Rubber in the Presence of Pt Flame Retardant (백금 난연제에 의한 실리콘 고무의 정전기 대전 특성)

  • Lee, Sung Ill
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
    • /
    • v.35 no.5
    • /
    • pp.494-498
    • /
    • 2022
  • In this study, SiO2 20 phr, ATH 70 phr, and platinum flame retardant were mixed with raw silicone rubber and -10 kV was applied to measure electrostatic charge attenuation voltage, surface resistance, and volume resistance, and the following conclusions were obtained. When the platinum flame retardant was 0 phr, the humidity 74.6% and the temperature was 21.8℃, the potential was half-reduced to 0.63 kV, 0.57 kV, and 0.44 kV when the applied voltage was changed from -10 kV to -8 kV, and the time halved to 50% was increased to 2.40 seconds, 2.47 seconds, and 2.61 seconds. It was confirmed that as the platinum flame retardant increased from 0.1 to 0.3 phr, the potential half-reduced to 0.67 kV, 0.60 kV, and 0.595 kV decreased, and the charge potential attenuation time half-reduced to 50% decreased to 3.44 seconds, 1.78 seconds, and 1.60 seconds. It was confirmed that the surface resistance increased as the humidity decreased, and the volume resistance decreased as the platinum flame retardant increased.

Platinum Transporters and Drug Resistance

  • Choi, Min-Koo;Kim, Dae-Duk
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
    • /
    • v.29 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1067-1073
    • /
    • 2006
  • Cisplatin, a platinum coordinated complex, is a widely used antineoplastic agent for the treatment of metastatic tumors of the testis, metastatic ovarian tumors, lung cancer, advanced bladder cancer and many other solid tumors. The cytotoxic action of the drug is often thought to be associated with its ability to bind DNA to form cisplatin-DNA adducts. The development of resistance to cisplatin during treatment is common and constitutes a major obstacle to the cure of sensitive tumors. Although to understand the clinically relevant mechanisms of resistance, many studies have been aimed at clarifying the biochemical/molecular alterations of cisplatin-resistance cells, these studies did not conclusively identify the basis of cellular resistance to cisplatin. In this review, cisplatin resistance was discussed in terms of the relevant transporters, such as copper transporters (CTRs), organic cation transporters (OCTs) and multi-drug resistance related transporters (MDRs). These transporters seem to be contributed to cisplatin resistance through the reduction of drug accumulation in the cell. Better understanding the mechanism of cisplatin resistance associated with transporters will provide the useful informations for overcoming the cisplatin resistance.

Uncertainty assessment of industrial platinum resistance thermometers for different lead-wire connection methods (산업용 백금저항온도센서의 결선방식에 따른 측정불확도 평가방법)

  • Kim, Yong-Gyoo;Gam, Kee-Sool;Yang, In-Seok
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.18 no.4
    • /
    • pp.322-326
    • /
    • 2009
  • To estimate the measurement uncertainty for industrial platinum resistance thermometers(IPRTs) made with 3-wire connection, the immersion temperature profile was investigated using a liquid bath. Two types of IPRTs having lead wires made of silver and nickel were constructed and the immersion profiles were measured at temperatures from -50 $^{\circ}C$ to 250 $^{\circ}C$ using 3-wire and 4-wire method. As immersion depth and temperature increased, the resistances measured by 3-wire method increased linearly but not for 4-wire method. To calibrate a 3-wire IPRT, the immersion effect must be accounted for. We propose a linear equation to assess correctly the measurement uncertainty.

Improved Interpolating Equation for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometer (산업용 백금저항온도계를 위한 향상된 내삽식)

  • Yang, In-Seok;Kim, Yong-Gyoo;Gam, Kee-Sool;Lee, Young-Hee
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.21 no.2
    • /
    • pp.109-113
    • /
    • 2012
  • We propose an improved interpolating equation to express temperature-resistance characteristics for modern industrial platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs). Callendar-van Dusen equation which has been widely used for platinum resistance thermometer fails to fully describe temperature characteristics of high quality PRTs and leaves systematic residual when the calibration point include temperatures above $300^{\circ}C$. Expanding Callendar-van Dusen to higher-order polynomial drastically improves the uncertainty of the fitting even with reduced degrees of freedom of the fitting. We found that in the fourth-order polynomial fitting, the third-order and fourth-order coefficients have a strong correlation. Using the correlation, we suggest an improved interpolating equation in the form of fourth-order polynomial, but with three fitting parameters. Applying this interpolating equation reduced the uncertainty of the fitting to 32 % of that resulted from the traditional Callendar-van Dusen. This improvement was better than that from a simple third-order polynomial despite that the degrees of the freedom of the fitting was the same.

제3세대 백금착체 항암제 신약개발 1. Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of 3rd generation platinum complexes.

  • 김대기;김강혁;김종식;주상섭;김기협;김노경
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
    • /
    • 1993.04a
    • /
    • pp.73-73
    • /
    • 1993
  • As part of a research program to develope 3rd generation anti tumor platinum complexes, a series of platinum complexes which have 4, 5-bis-(aminomethyl)- 1, 3-dioxolane derivatives as bidenate amine ligands, represented by the general structual formula was prepared. The R$_1$ and/or R$_2$ substituents in this series of platinum complexes can be hydrogen. alkyl, of jointly formed cyclohexane. Two Xs can be a bidenate leaving ligand such as 1, 1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate, malonate, dimethylmalonate, ethylmalonate, glycolate, L-lactate, or N-methyliminodiacetate. From based on the pharmacological and toxicological studies, we have chosen SKI 2053R, cis-malonato[(4R, 5R)-4, 5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1, 3-dioxolane] platinum(II) complex (NSC D644591) as a candidate for clinical evaluation. The antitumor activity of a new anti tumor platinum complex, cis-malonato [(4R, 5R)-4, 5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1, 3-dioxolane] platinum(II) (SKI 2053R, NSC D644591), was compared with those of cisplatin and carboplatin using murine tumors. We evaluated three platinum complexes against L1210/CPR, a subline of L1210 leukemia resistant to cisplatin for their abilities to overcome tumor resistance to cisplatin. The in vitro cytotoxicity of SKI 2053R to L1210 cell line was 2.5-fold less potent thann that of cisplatin, and was 10-fold more cytotoxic than that of carboplatin. SKI 2053R retained similar cytotoxic effect and anti tumor activity to L1210/CPR cell line, like the cytotoxicity of SKI 2053R to L1210 cell line, while either cisplatin or carboplatin had not property to overcome the acquired cisplatin-resistance. SKI 2053R exhibited greater or comparable antitumor activity than cisplatin or carboplatin in murine tumor models.

  • PDF

Impact of the Copper Transporter Protein 1 (CTR1) Polymorphism on Adverse Events among Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Carboplatin-Gemcitabine Regimen

  • Kumpiro, Siriluk;Sriuranpong, Virote;Areepium, Nutthada
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • v.17 no.9
    • /
    • pp.4391-4394
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: Platinum-based regimens are effective treatments for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the five-year survival rate is still less than 20%. One possible factor appears to be resistance involving polymorphisms in the CTR1 gene which plays an importance role in accumulation of platinum in the cytoplasm. Purpose: To establish both prevalence of CTR1 polymorphism and its impact on treatment related toxicity in Thai advanced NSCLC patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two advanced NSCLC participants received carboplatin and gemcitabine during January to June 2016 at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) were recruited for analysis of the CTR1 rs12686377 genotype. These participants were planning to be treated with platinum-based chemotherapy for at least two cycles. Results: Allele frequency of CTR1 polymorphism $G{\rightarrow}T$ was found to be 25%. The results showed that genetic polymorphism at CTR1 rs12686377 was associated with emesis side effects (P = 0.020) and neuropathic symptoms (P = 0.010). In addition, hematologic side effects in terms of anemia also tended to be related to this polymorphism. Conclusions: This is the first study suggesting that polymorphism at CTR1 rs12686377 may be associated with toxicity from platinum-based regimens. Therefore, it could be a factor to aid in treatment decision-making.

A Study on the Flame Temperature Measurement of the Transiently Propagating Flame by using Platinum-Hot-Wire-Resistance-Thermometry (열선백금저항선을 이용한 과도적 전파화염의 화염온도측정에 관한 연구)

  • 정인석;조경국;황상순
    • Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
    • /
    • v.7 no.3
    • /
    • pp.94-101
    • /
    • 1985
  • The flame temperature of LPG-air premixture flame was measured by extrapolation of limiting case corresponding to the infinitely thin diameter of Platinum-resistance-hot-wire. LPG-air premixture flame, initially under atmospheric pressure and room temperature, propagates downward from top of the model combustion chamber maintained at constant pressure through the whole combustion process. Analytical calculation technique was also applied to determine full temperature history or spatial temperature distribution from flame reaction zone to burnt gas region.

  • PDF

Performance Assessment on Temperature Calibration Capability of the Calibration Laboratories Using High-Precision Platinum Resistance Thermometers (고정밀 백금저항온도계를 이용한 교정기관의 온도교정능력 수행평가)

  • Gam, Kee Sool;Lee, Young Hee;Yang, Inseok
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.22 no.6
    • /
    • pp.415-420
    • /
    • 2013
  • Calibration capabilities for thermometer calibration by comparison method were assessed using high-precision industrial platinum resistance thermometers (IPRT). It was found in the performance assessment that out of 31 laboratories who participated, 28 laboratories resulted magnitude of En number less than 1 at every calibration points they submitted results in the range from 50 to $500^{\circ}C$. The results of about 75% of the laboratories showed the difference from the assigned values less than 1/10 of the tolerance level of the class B IPRT. This indicates that the participating calibration laboratories performed with satisfactory level that was enough to calibrate IPRTs to significant precision. The sensors used in this work were manufactured and chosen by the criteria of long-term instability less than 4 mK and hysteresis less than 8 mK in the temperature range used in this work. Furthermore, the change in the resistance of the sensors in the calibration temperature range were less than the uncertainty of the calibration, 25 mK (k=2).

The Development of Platinum Thin Film RTD Temperature Sensors (백금박막 측온저항체 온도센서의 개발)

  • 노상수;최영규;정귀상
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 1996.11a
    • /
    • pp.152-155
    • /
    • 1996
  • Platinum thin films were deposited on $Al_2$O$_3$substrate by DC magnetron sputtering for RTD(Resistance Thermometer Devices) temperature sensors. We made Pt resistance pattern on $Al_2$O$_3$substrate by lift-off method and fabricated Pt-RTD temperature sensors by using W-wire, silver epoxy and SOG(spin-on-glass). In the temperature range of 25~40$0^{\circ}C$, we investigated TCR(temperature coefficient of resistance) and resistance ratio of Pt-RTD temperature sensors. TCR values were increased with increasing the annealing temperature, time and the thickness of Pt thin films. Resistance values were varied lineally within the range of measurement temperature. At annealing temperature of 100$0^{\circ}C$, annealing time of 240min and thin film thickness of 1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, we obtained Pt-RDT TCR value of 3825ppm/$^{\circ}C$ closed to the Pt bulk value.

  • PDF

Characterization of Ionic-Polymer Metal Composite Actuators Varying Electroless Plating Method of Platinum (백금 무전해 도금 방법의 변화에 따른 이온성 고분자 및 금속 복합체 액추에이터의 특성 분석)

  • 차승은;김병목;조성환;이승기;박정호;김병규
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
    • /
    • v.51 no.12
    • /
    • pp.601-607
    • /
    • 2002
  • IPMC(Ionic Polymer Metal Composite)actuators were optimized for producing improved forces by changing multiple parameters including repetition of number of plating, surface electroding and additive(PVP)-treatment on reduction. The platinum electrode is deposited on the surface of the material where platinum particle stay in a dense form that appears to introduce a significant level of surface electrode resistance. Actuation tests were performed for such IPMC actuators under a low voltage. The test results show that the lower surface-electrode resistance generates higher actuation capability in the IPMC actuators. In order to investigate relaxation behavior of bending and repeatability in dry condition, the IPMC was coated by$rubber(KRATON^{TM})$to minimize the effect of water evaporation from IPMC. This actuator can be used in air with surface coating to avoid membrane drying.