• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.8.1-8.8
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• 2017

Background: For an effective bone graft for reconstruction of the maxillofacial region, an adequate vascular network will be required to supply blood, osteoprogenitor cells, and growth factors. We previously reported that the secretomes of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) contain numerous growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, transforming growth factor $(TGF)-{\beta}1$, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which can affect the cellular characteristics and behavior of regenerating bone cells. We hypothesized that angiogenesis is an important step for bone regeneration, and VEGF is one of the crucial factors in MSC-CM that would enhance its osteogenic potential. In the present study, we focused on VEGF in MSC-CM and evaluated the angiogenic and osteogenic potentials of MSC-CM for bone regeneration. Methods: Cytokines in MSC-CM were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with MSC-CM or MSC-CM with anti-VEGF antibody (MSC-CM + anti-VEGF) for neutralization, and tube formation was evaluated. For the evaluation of bone and blood vessel formation with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and for the histological and immunohistochemical analyses, a rat calvarial bone defect model was used. Results: The concentrations of IGF-1, VEGF, and $TGF-{\beta}1$ in MSC-CM were $1515.6{\pm}211.8pg/mL$, $465.8{\pm}108.8pg/mL$, and $339.8{\pm}14.4pg/mL$, respectively. Tube formation of HUVECs, bone formation, and blood vessel formation were increased in the MSC-CM group but decreased in the MSC-CM + anti-VEGF group. Histological findings suggested that new bone formation in the entire defect was observed in the MSC-CM group although it was decreased in the MSC-CM + anti-VEGF group. Immunohistochemistry indicated that angiogenesis and migration of endogenous stem cells were much more abundant in the MSC-CM group than in the MSC-CM + anti-VEGF group. Conclusions: VEGF is considered a crucial factor in MSC-CM, and MSC-CM is proposed to be an adequate therapeutic agent for bone regeneration with angiogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.825-835
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between body satisfaction and appearance enhancement behavior of college students. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 234 college students in Cheong-ju area, Korea. Frequency, descriptive analysis, $x^2$ and t-tests were used for data analysis. Male students were generally satisfied with their height but not with their weight, while female students were not satisfied with their height and weight. There were significant gender differences in satisfaction with their skin color: male students were mostly satisfied with their skin color other than female students. The body satisfaction degree of college students depended on gender: the male students showed more satisfaction with their physical condition than the female students. Of the college student's improving-appearance behaviors such as face-lifting by plastic surgery, make-up by cosmetics and skin care, their preferable choice depended on their gender. When purchasing clothes, they considered if the clothes could cover their defects of their body line and improve their physical appearance. The levels of body satisfaction were significantly different according to their appearance enhancement behaviors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.194-204
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate appearance management behavior of Koreans in their 40s and 50s according to Shangri-La Syndrome'. Shangri-La Syndrome means a social phenomena which people in their 40s and 50s want to live as young as people in their 20s and 30s. The questionnaires were distributed to 500 people in their 40s and 50s living in Ulsan, Dague, and Seoul. Of 500 questionnaires, 368 of them were used in data analysis. Descriptives, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 12.0. The degree of Shangri-La Syndrome was evaluated by a cognitive age. As a result, first, people in their 40s and 50s showed to recognize themselves about 9.1 years younger than actual ages. Second, the attitude to appearance management behavior revealed to be generally positive and the correlation between the cognitive age and the attitude to appearance management behavior was presented to be low and negative. Third, types of appearance management behavior were classified skin care and clothing, figure management, plastic surgery, hair. The smaller cognitive ages were, in other words, the larger the degree of Shangri-La Syndrome of respondents were, the more positive their opinions to the types of appearance management behavior were. Among the types of appearance management behavior, figure management was shown to be the most effective means for appearance management but, clothing the most frequent usable one. In conclusion, it was found out that the relationship between Shangri-La Syndrome and appearance management behavior was low but positive.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.897-907
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• 2014

The purposes of this study are to classify consumption values and to examine the effects of consumption values on appearance management behaviors. Questionnaires data was obtained through adults over 20 years old of age (N=478) in Gyeonggi-do, Daegu and Kyungpook regions. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, t-test and ANOVA were applied. The results of this study are as follows. First, consumption values are composed of three factors such as differential value, material value and practical value. Appearance management behaviors are identified such as surgery/skin care, clothing care, weight training and hair care. The weight training in appearance management behaviors is the most preferred behavior. Second, the results of regression analysis are like as follows: The effects of consumption on plastic surgery/skin care are explained by the differential value, material value and practical value(-). On weight training and hair care, the differential value and material value have positively significant effects. The differential value has significant effects on all over appearance management behaviors. Third, there are signigicant differences in consumption values and appearance management behaviors according to demographic variables. The single, females in 20s and 30s with higher monthly income and payment have higher differential value and lower practical value. The single and female in 20s and 30s were more involved in appearance management behavior.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.165-182
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• 2013

This study conducts a survey based on 425 Chinese females in their twenties to thirties in order to examine the relevance between the cognitions of appearance effectiveness, ideal appearance seeking behavior and clothing image preference which have effects on their self-identity and interpersonal relations. The results of this study are as follows ; First, from the factor analysis for cognition of appearance effectiveness, and ideal appearance seeking behavior, a total of 4 factors such as psychological benefits, social benefits factors, pursuit of plastic surgery and pursuit of beauty treatment are being were drawn. As a result, there are significant correlations between heights of demographic variables and the cognition of appearance effectiveness, together with the ideal appearance seeking behavior. Respondents with higher heights represent the higher cognitions of appearance effectiveness, while the respondents with lower heights show more pursuits of beauty treatment behavior to reach the ideal image. Second, factor analysis of the clothing images are 4 factors such as classic-trendy, natural-dynamic, casual-formal, and masculine-feminine images. There are significant correlations between the four factors from clothing preference images and four factors from the cognition of appearance effectiveness, and ideal appearance seeking behavior. This suggests that higher social status such as job, income, residential district, and age among the demographic factors has greater effects on the clothing image preference.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 1989

Ossifying fibroma is a relatively slow growing tumor, and likely to have presented for some years before its clinical diognosis. The usually well circumscribed nature of ossifying fibroma in jaws lends itself to relative ease of excision and hence the favorable therapeutic results. On occasion, however, particulary in juvenile patient, if maxilla the tumor assumes an aggressive behavior. In that case, because the tumor grows invasively, resection with a margin of healthy tissue is indicated. The case presented is 34 - year old female. The patient had noticed a gradual swelling of the right side of the face approximately 2 months in duration correlation with a intermittent pain on the right maxillary molar area. Palpation disclosed firm swelling on the right anterior and lateral walls of the maxillary sinus extended to the maxillary tuberosity area. The radiographic examination revealed soft tissue mass with multiple dense round calcifications with destruction of anterior and posterolateral wall of the right maxillary sinus and right alveolar process, and hard palate. The mass totally obliterated maxillary sinus and extended to the pterygopalatine fossa. The histologic diagnosis from the biopsied specimen revealed ossifying fibroma. The tumor mass was resected by subtotal maxillectomy procedure due to a recent rapid infiltrative growth. In 5 months of postoperative follow - up period, the patient has favorable prognosis.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.168-182
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to classify students' attitudes towards uniform modification and analyze their subjective experience regarding appearance, and body satisfaction. Questionnaires were administered to 369 middle and high school girls living in Deagu Metropolitan City. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test are all used for data analysis. Our findings are as follows. Two hundred thirty students (62.3%) agreed to modify their school uniforms to express their personalities and follow fashion trends. Motives for uniform modification had to do with social life, physical attractiveness, and practicality. Attitudes toward appearance are found to be shaped by appearance internalization, active management of appearance, appearance needs, social recognition, and conformity. The motives for uniform modification reveal a significant correlation with attitudes toward appearance. Uniform modification satisfaction differed depending on sub-variables of attitude toward appearance(active management of appearance, personalized appearance needs, social recognition, and body satisfaction, such as satisfaction with height and BMI). There was a significant difference in expression of intention for future plastic surgery depending on body image.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor in salivary glands, and occurred in frequency of 60% in parotid gland tumors, and 50% in submandibular gland tumors, and 25% in sublingual gland tumors. Histopathologically, pleomorphic adenoma is composed of epithelial cells and mesenchymal tissues, and called 'mixed tumor' because of morphological divergency. The cell structures of luminal area are composed of polyhedral and cuboidal secretory epithelial cells and modified myoepithelial cells around it, and mesenchymal tissue is composed of some myoepithelial cells and stromal tissue. In stromal tissue, myxoid change, chondroid change, or hyalinization can be seen even if bone tissue. In many studies, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. In this study, tissue sample of pleomorphic adenoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 20 surgical specimens, and all specimens were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial 4-8${\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. The histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, with immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. And, for biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and immuno-blot analysis were carried out. With transmission electromicroscopy, tumor cells and biologic behavior of pleomorphic adenoma were observed with distribution and expression of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results were obtained as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin 4-sulfate is highly postively stained in myxoid stromal tissue, and chondroitin 6-sulfate is highly positively stained in chondroid mesenchymal tissue, both glycosaminoglycans are positively stained in non-luminal cell of ductal area. 2. Dermatan sulfate and keratan sulfate is positively stained in periductal non-luminal tumor cells. 3. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is weakly stained in luminal cells and non-luminal cells around duct, and chondroid mesenchymal tissue. 4. In transmission electromicroscopic view, the tumor cells are composed of modified myoepithelial cells, and contain many microfilaments and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum. 5. In Immuno-Blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycans is expressed mostly in chondroitin 6-sulfate and chondroitin 4-sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma are composed of modified myoepithelial cells, and glycosaminoglycans of chondroitin 4-sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate mostly participate in the development of pleomorphic adenoma, but dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans were expressed variably.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.107-124
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify types in sense of gender role identity and to figure out the difference among sociocultural attitude, benefits of clothing pursuit, and appearance management behaviors by sense of gender role identity types. Questionnaires were administered to 455 people in their twenties and thirties living in Daegu and Kyoungbuk area. Data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, credibility, $X^2$-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and t-test. The findings are as follows. First, Men of androgyny group showed the highest rate of 38.5% followed by undifferentiation(22.9%), masculineness(21.0%), and feminineness(17.6%). Women of undifferentiation group showed the highest rate of 33.2% followed by feminineness (25.2%), androgyny(22.0%), and masculineness(19.6%). Second, factors of sociocultural attitude were internalization and recognition. Benefits of clothing pursuit consists of the factors such as consciousness of others, personality, and vogue pursuit. Factors of appearance management behaviors were dressing, skin management, plastic surgery management, weight management, health management, and hair management. Third, the result from the difference between sociocultural attitude and benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity types, men of androgyny and feminineness showed highest in recognition while women of androgyny showed highest in internalization and recognition. The result of the difference in benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity shows that both men and women of androgyny group have high tendency for being conscious of others, personality pursuit, and vogue pursuit while men of undifferentiation and masculineness have low interest in dressing in relationship with others. Fourth, the examination of the difference in appearance management behavior by sense of gender role identity types found men of androgyny group managed dressing, skin, weight, health and hair most while women dress and health most. Men of undifferentiation group managed dressing and weight least, while men of masculineness health, and men of feminineness hair least.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6484-6491
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• 2014

The human's basic desire for aesthetics, which has existed along with human history, has been more individualized and diversified according to the progress of modern economic social change. In the case of men, who have a relatively higher connection and experience of mass media compared to women, there is a characteristic to apply and utilize information acquisition and share appearance management quickly on the media. This paper classified and arranged the image and characteristics of the modern male image analyzed the relationship between men's appearance management and information exploration. In addition, exploration relation per information medium was considered by dividing the men's appearance management behavior and characteristics into make-up, hair management, skin care, hands and feet care, and plastic surgery. This appears to be useful for the industrial group, e.g. beauty treatment, cosmetics, hospital, etc. as advertisement marketing information.