• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2002

This study analyzed the characteristic of basic river structure, a flood level, the tree planting recommendation and syn thetic design, in order to establish a basic plan for preparing a natural practical area of environmental ecosystem at Bukchun and its surroundings. It was also investigated based on the opinion of citizens, geographical condition and the equipment/utilization examination of Bukchun which were included ecological circumstances, and thus provided a composite item for managing the natural river. This study also considered the development of the river in terms of culture, environment and ecology concept. The results were summarized as followed. Bukchun showed that the speed of a funning fluid is very fast on a period of flood. but very slow in a period of water shortage about 0.02 m/s. To prevent the speed change of a running fluid by a steep slope in a riverbed, there established Dongchun sluice gates under a bridge, including three sluice gates under a bridge, but there occurred extremely a riverbed erosion and corrosion section. The result of comparison between real flood degree and prediction flood data, there should perform a countermeasure the riverbed structure regulation of this area. Also, it was needed an exhaustive flood management in summer. According to the Bukchun and Hyungsangang riverbed investigation, there were needed preparation for natural/practical area and ecology Park development in the future. This study was investigated tree Planting/flower/blossom around the Bukchun and its surroundings. It was recommended willow, Italian poplar, bamboos and cherry blossoms in the Hyungsangang and Bukchun. There exist together historical space, environment space iud have enough possibility both natural learning space and civil rest space. And, it is possible to compose ecology natural learning and experimental area.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose an evaluation method to assess green environments of streetscapes to improve urban street green spaces in Jeonju City. Through a rapid assessment of urban street green spaces, we suggest an objective basis for expanding street green space as well as for adopting sustainable maintenance and improvement measures. We choose 12 sections of streetscapes (roads and sidewalks) to investigate existing street conditions which have more than four lanes and function as major road axes. Six large roads and six medium roads of Jeonju City center area are investigated as pilot assessment study sites. Site inventory checklists consist of environmental characteristics of streetscape, street tree status, and planting condition evaluation. Environmental characteristics of streetscapes are composed of physical and neighborhood factors. For instance, items for physical factors are types and width of road/sidewalks, paving materials, tree protection materials, and green strip. And surrounding landuse is a neighborhood factor. Assessment items for street tree status are street plant names (tree/shrubs/ground cover), size, and planting intervals. Planting condition evaluation items are tree shape, damage, canopy density, and planting types with existence of adjacent green space. Evaluation results are classified into three levels such as A(maintain or repair), B(greening enhancement), and C(structural improvement). In case of grade A, streetscapes have enough sidewalk width for maintaining green strip and a multi-layered planting(in large road only) with fairly good growing conditions of street trees. For grade B and C, streetscapes have a moderate level of sidewalk width with a single street tree planting. In addition, street tree growing conditions are appeared poor so that green enhancement or maintenance measures are needed. For median, only grade B and C are found as its planting growing foundations are very limited in space. As a result, acquiring enough sidewalk space is essential to enhance ecological quality of urban street green. Especially, it is necessary to have green strip with reasonable widths for plant growing conditions in sidewalks. In addition, we need to consider native species with multi-layer plant compositions while designing street green.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.801-811
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• 2012

본 연구는 도시공원의 토지피복 및 식재구조에 따른 온도 영향요인을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 성남시 분당구 중앙공원을 대상으로 전 지역에 대한 토지피복 및 식재현황을 파악하였으며 30개의 조사구를 설정하여 정밀 토지피복 및 식재구조를 파악하고 온도는 10회 반복 측정하였다. 온도 영향요인은 토지피복유형, 식재유형, 층위구조, 녹지량(녹피율, 녹지용적계수)을 선정하여 실측 온도와의 통계분석을 실시하였다. 토지피복유형, 식재유형, 층위구조와 실측 온도와의 분산분석 결과, 토지피복유형에서 목본 식재지는 저온역으로 초지와 포장지는 고온역으로 구분되었다. 식재유형은 침엽수 및 활엽수 식재지는 저온역으로, 초지와 포장지는 고온역으로 구분되었다. 층위구조는 교목층과 교목층+하부식재 유형은 저온역으로, 초지와 포장지는 고온역으로 구분되었다. 녹지량과 실측 온도와의 상관관계 분석 결과 녹피율과 녹지용적계수는 모두 실측 온도값과 고도의 음(-)의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 녹지량과 실측 온도와의 회귀모형에 의하면 녹피율은 1% 증가할 때마다 $-0.002^{\circ}C$, 녹지용적계수는 $1m^3/m^2$ 증가할 때마다 $-0.122^{\circ}C$의 온도저감 효과가 있을 것으로 예측되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

Purpose: In order to ensure that vegetable seedlings (with a soil block around their roots) are planted in an upright orientation after metering in a vegetable transplanter, they need to be dropped freely from a certain height. The walk-behind hand-tractor-powered machines do not have sufficient space to drop the seedlings from that height. In the present work, a hopper-type planting device was developed for the walk-behind hand-tractor-powered vegetable transplanter to ensure that the soil block seedlings are planted in an upright orientation. Methods: Various dimensionless terms were developed based on the dimensional analysis approach, and their effect on the planting of soil block seedlings in an upright orientation (planting efficiency) was studied. The optimum design dimensions of the hopper-type planting device were identified by the Taguchi method of optimization. Results: The ratio of the height of free fall to the sliding distance of the seedling on the surface of the hopper had the highest influence on planting efficiency. The planting efficiency was highest for plants with a height $15{\pm}2cm$. The plant handling Froude number, in interaction with the design of the hopper-type planting device, also significantly affected the planting efficiency. Of the hopper design factors, the length of the slide of the seedlings on the surface of the hopper was most important, and induced sufficient velocity and rotation to cause the seedling to fall in an upright orientation. An evaluation of the performance of the planting device under actual field conditions revealed that the planting efficiency of the developed planting device was more than 97.5%. Conclusions: As the seedlings were fed to the metering device manually, an increase in planting rate increased missed plantings. The planting device can be adopted for any vegetable transplanter in which the seedlings are allowed to drop freely from the metering device.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate vegetation structure and present management planning of mountain type green space using the green space changes during the 20 years, actual vegetation, and plant community structure in land area of Inchon, Korea. The actual vegetation area in survey sites was consisted of Quercus acutissima community, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pinus rigida forest, Q. mongolica-Pinus rigida community, P. rigida-Q. mongolica community, Q. monogolica community and so on. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, 61 survey plots were divided into 9 groups; Q. mongolica-Alnus japonica-R. pseudoacacia-P. densiflora, R. pseudoacacia-Styrax japonica, P. rigida-R. pseudoacacia-Q. mongolica, R. pseudoacacia-P. rigida-Q. mongolica-A. hirusta, Q. mongolica-P. thunbergii, and prunus sargentii-Zelkova serrata community. From this result, ecological succession trend of vegetation seems to be change from artificial result, ecological succession trend of vegetation seems to be change from artificial planting forest to native plant community which was dominated by Quercus spp.. This study area need to manage for the increase of biodiversity through the restoration of naturalness by ecological management of artificial planting forest and ecological planting of injured green space.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.457-471
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• 2014

본 연구는 인천광역시 송도 해돋이공원의 공간기능에 따른 식재개념 적정성 검토, 식재구조 현황, 공간별 식재된 수목에 대해 형태평가와 생육평가를 통해 현재 식재되고 있는 조경수목의 형태 및 생육상태 문제점을 도출하고, 이를 개선하기 위한 평가 적용 체계를 제안하고자 수행하였다. 공간기능에 따른 식재개념 적정성 평가 결과 녹음기능이 필요한 공간 중 29.5%만 녹음식재지이었고, 58.7%는 시각적 경관식재지, 11.8%는 완충식재지이었다. 이는 시설물 중심 공간구성에 따른 식재면적 부족과 녹음기능을 수행할 수 없는 어린 수목을 식재하였기 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. 식재구조 현황에서는 식재기능 향상을 위해서는 각 식재개념에 따른 적정한 식재종, 식재 구조, 밀도, 규격, 생육상태 등을 고려한 식재가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 조경수목 평가 조사는 완충공간에서 22종 209주, 녹음공간에서 8종 71주, 시각적 경관공간에서 16종 266주, 생태적 경관공간에서 4종 54주로 총 28종 600주의 조경수목을 대상으로 수목평가를 실시하였다. 수목평가 결과 수목 형태평가 점수는 평균 56.6점, 수목 생육평가 점수는 평균 76.0점으로 평가되었다. 수목평가 점수는 모두 점수별로 등급화하였고 공간별, 수종별로 통계처리하여 유의성을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 수목평가 결과를 활용하여 공간기능별 수목 기준 도출 및 적정 식재개념을 적용하였다. 공간별 수목 형태평가 결과를 식재개념에 적용하면 완충식재는 기능성이 강조되므로 형태평가 등급이 가장 낮은 E등급, 생태적 경관식재는 다양성과 자연성이 강조되므로 D등급, 녹음식재는 이용성이 강조되므로 주간에서 분지된 가지의 높이를 고려한 수종 선택으로 C등급, 시각적 경관식재는 미적가치성이 강조되므로 A등급과 B등급을 각각 적용할 수 있었다. 공간별 수목 생육평가 결과를 식재개념에 적용해 보면 식재기반을 기준으로 양호와 불량으로 구분하여 완충식재, 시각적 경관식재, 생태적 경관식재에서는 생육평가 A등급부터 E등급까지 식재가 가능하였고, 녹음식재에서는 A등급부터 C등급까지 식재가 가능하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.297-311
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• 1998

Landscaping on artificial ground is currently served as a means to imposing a greenery benefit on high-density and high-rise apartment sites. It functions as a sub-hierarchy in apartment planning such as ornamental element from the past. Major parking space tends to be allocated on the basement area in response to the required parking regulation. Therefore, competitive relatioinship between the parking and greenery space I limited outdoor of apartments leads to the development planning strategy and technology of artificial ground. This study aims at evaluating landscape planning on artificial ground of apartment complex through several approaches such as site survey, plan drawing analysis, and interview with related field experts. 15 survey apartment sites including Bundang Model, Shindaebang-dong, Pyoungchon Hyundai Apartments have been selected for conducting the research. Main results of this study are summarized below : First, scattering allocation of artificial ground between apartment building units is a dominant plan layout type among the survey sites. Even though unifying allocation type has an advantage to maximize underground parking space, it has a difficulty in maintaining proper soil ground base for nurturing plants. Therefore, underground parking space should be planned by unifying allocation type placed separately from apartment units. This plan type can provide a balanced planting between soil and artificial ground on surface level. Second, It is strongly recommended to integrate the whole planting base which involves architectural structure, drainage, and water proofing above the planting design. When considering that process as a professional subject dealing with natural material such as trees and shrubs, those tasks should be directed by landscape architectural divison and landscape architect. And planting area for artificial ground has to be specified in initial phase of architectural design. This step provides an opportunity to make a proper decision on structural load, drainage, and water proof design as an integrated part of the management.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2019

With the diversification of research using UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)s, the possibility of remote sensing research for urban green spaces is increasing. UAVs can be used as an investigation method to monitor the successful construction of the park and the planting of vegetation since its creation. This study was carried out to investigate UAVs utilization of urban green space monitoring in Dosol Square. It was photographed three times on May 21, July 13, and September 16, 2018 using DJI Phantom3 pro, Inspire2, and Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera. Orthographic images were overlaid on the planting plan of the site and the construction results were checked, the change of vitality of the plantation area was analyzed by NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and SAVI(Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index). As a result, it was confirmed that the UAVs are very effective for surveying the view of the urban green space after the construction and recording the results, which can be grasped quantitatively by overlaying the planting plan map. UAVs are more likely to be used in terms of monitoring vegetation vitality. It is interpreted that SAVI is better than NDVI in the green space just after composition. Chionanthus retusus and Pinus strobus were analyzed for their low level of vitality, and partially damaged and their vitality was lowered. In addition, there was difficulty in grass planting area and flower garden due to drainage and summer drought problems. In the future, it is expected that orthoimage and multispectral data using UAVs will be useful in the early vegetation monitoring and management field of urban green spaces.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1995

본 실험은 단마의 번식기관별 재식거리 및 시비량이 마의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명코져 1992년부터 1993년까지 경북농림진흥원 북부시험장에서 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출아일수는 절편묘 42~56일, 여두묘 37~46일, 영여자묘 50~56일로 나타나 여두묘가 가장 빨랐으며, 시비량이 많을 수록 출아가 지연되는 경향이었다. 2. 지상부 생육은 사용한 종묘가 절편묘, 여두묘, 영여자묘 순으로 아장이 길었으며, 밀식하면 마디수가 다소 적은 경향을 보였고, 전체적인 지상부의 생육은 절편묘를 종근으로 하여 재식거리 60${\times}$20cm에 N$P_2O_2K_2O$를 56-56-64kg/10a로 시용하는 것이 가장 양호하였다. 3. 지하부의 생육은 괴근장, 괴근폭, 괴근수 및 괴근중 모두 절편묘, 여두묘, 영여자묘의 순으로 양호하였고, 재식거리에 따른 괴근생장은 밀식할수록 괴근장, 괴근폭, 괴근중이 적어지는 경향이었고, 시비량이 많을 수록 개체당 무게가 증가하였다. 4. 수량은 절편묘를 30${\times}$20cm로 밀식하면 60${\times}$20cm에 비해 평균적으로 19%의 증수효과가 있었고, 여두묘는 45${\times}$15cm에 비해 30${\times}$15cm가 10% 증수되었으며, 영여자묘는 30${\times}$10cm에 비해 10${\times}$10cm가 10%정도 증수되었다. 적품성은 절편묘, 여두묘, 영여자묘 순으로 우수하였으며 시비량에 있어서는 N-$P_2O_2K_2O$＝28-28-32kg/10a에 비해 56-56-64kg/10a 처리가 37~47%감수되었다. 따라서 단마 재배시 다식밀식으로 재배하는 것이 수량증수의 효과가 있었으나 적품성을 고려할 때 절편묘는 45${\times}$20cm, 여두묘는 30${\times}$15cm, 영여자묘는 20${\times}$10cm로 재배하는 것이 유리하다고 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1995

중부(中部) 내륙지방(內陸地方)에서 백하수오(白何首烏) 재배시(栽培時) 적정(適正) 재식밀도(栽植密度)를 구명(究明)하고자 충북(忠北) 지방(地方) 재래종(在來種)을 공시(供試)하여 10a당(當) 시비(施肥)는 웅비(施肥) 1,000kg, N-P-K=8-4-4kg을 전량(全量) 기비(基肥)로 시용(施用)하였다. 처리(處理)는 휴폭(畦幅)을 주구(주구)로, 주간(株間)을 세구(細區)로 하여, 휴폭(畦幅)은 40, 50, 60cm, 주간(株間)은 10, 15, 20cm로 하여 분류구배치(分劉區配置) 3반복(反復)으로 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였던 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출현기(出現期)는 5월(月) 25일(日)로 처리간(處理間)에 차이가 없이 균일(均一)하였다. 2. 위장(萎長)은 휴폭간(畦幅間)에서 40cm는 219cm, 50cm는 220cm, 60cm는 225cm 였으나, 주간(株間)에는 10cm에서 225cm, 15cm는 219cm, 20cm는 218cm로 주간(株間)이 좁을수록 길었으며, 엽수(葉數)는 양장(養長)과 같은 경향(傾向)으로, 주간(株間)이 좁으면 엽수(葉數)는 증가(增加)되었다. 3. 근장(根長)은 휴폭(畦幅) 40cm에서 24.5cm, 50cm는 24.6cm, 60cm는 24.2cm로 큰 차이가 없으나, 주간(株間) 10cm에서 23.5cm, 24.4cm, 20cm는 24.9cm로, 주간(株間)이 넓을수록 $0.9\sim1.4cm$가 길었으며, 근수(根數)는 $1.2\siml.4$ 개(個)로 처리간(處理間)에 큰 차이가 없는 경향(傾向)이었다. 4, 10a당(當) 수양(收量)은 휴폭(畦幅) 40cm의 395kg/10a에 비(比)하여 50cm는 11%, 60cm는 4%가 각각(各各) 증수(增收)되었으나, 주간(株間) 10cm의 495kg/10a에 비(比)하여, 15cm는 17%, 20cm는 32%가 각각(各各) 감수(減收)되어, 중부(中部) 내륙지방(內陸地方)에서 백하수오(白何首烏) 재배시(栽培時) 재식밀도(栽植密度)는 휴폭(畦幅) 50cm, 주간(株間) l0cm로 재배(栽培)하는 것이 효과적(效果的)이었다.