• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2013

Two medium-leaf ecotypes (CY6069, CY6097) belonging to one species (Zoysia japonica) of Korean lawngrasses were selected in sod production fields in Jang Seong, Korea. They were reported to have distinct morphological and growth rate characteristics different from the preferred medium-leaf type zoysiagrass in Korea. This study was conducted to define further the genotypic difference at the molecular level and to develop DNA marker based on the specific DNA fragment. Polymorphic DNA fragments were first explored by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, which were then converted into PCR-based sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The CY6069-specific primer set amplified about 550 bp successfully, while the CY6097 marker produced the expected 690 bp band, by which those markers were nominated by CY6069_550 and CY6069_690 SCARs, respectively. Together with the reported morphological and other phenotypic features, the SCAR markers confirmed in this study will be useful to identify those medium-leaf zoysiagrass genotypes when they are cultivated with other vegetatively propagated warm-season turfgrasses in sod farms.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2011

In this study, 22 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae including Citrobacterfreundii (6 strains), Enterobacter cloacae (5 strains), Enterobacter aerogenes (3 strains), Serratia marcescens (7 strains) and Pantoea spp. (1 strain) were investigated for the biofilm forming ability and biosynthesis of curli and cellulose. Biofilm forming ability was the highest among the isolates of E. cloacae and the lowest among the isolates of E. aerogenes. The expression of the biofilm-forming extracellular matrix components, cellulose and curli fimbriae, was examined by Congo-red (CR) staining and calcofluor staining methods. PCR screening for the presence of curli gene (csgA) revealed that 4 strains of E. cloacae and 1 strain of C. freundii carried the csgA, showing a good correlation between the phenotypic detection of curli fimbriae by CR staining method and the genotypic detection of curli gene by PCR in E. cloacae.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2011

Aquaporin is a water channel protein, which is classified as Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP), found in almost all organisms from bacteria to human. To date, more than 200 members of this family were identified. There are two major categories of MIP channels, orthodox aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins, which facilitate the diffusion across biological membranes of water or glycerol and other uncharged compounds, respectively. The full genome sequencing of various fungal species revealed 3 to 5 aquaporins in their genome. Although some functions of aquaporins found in yeast were characterized, however, no functional characteristics were studied so far in filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus sp. In this study, one orthodox aquaporin homolog gene, aqpA, and four aquaglyceroporin homologs, aqpB-E, in a model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans were identified and the function of the aqpA gene was characterized. Knock-out of the aqpA gene didn't show any obvious phenotypic change under the osmotic stress, indicating that the function of the gene does not involved in the osmotic stress response or the function could be redundant. However, the mutant showed antifungal susceptibility resistance phenotype, suggesting that the function of the aqpA gene could be involved in sensing the antifungal substances rather than the osmotic stress response.

• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2017

The red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla, a species native to the waters of Korea and Japan, has invaded marine coastal areas of Europe and the Americas, thriving in conditions that differ from those of its native habitat. In recent years, G. vermiculophylla has been discovered in the Long Island Sound (LIS) estuary growing alongside the native congener Gracilaria tikvahiae. The goal of this study was to determine whether the two strains of G. vermiculophylla from different regions of the world have evolved genetic differences (i.e., ecotypic differentiation) or if the physiological performance of the strains simply reflects phenotypic plasticity. Two strains of G. vermiculophylla (isolated in Korea and LIS) and a strain of the LIS native G. tikvahiae were grown for four weeks under temperatures ranging from 20 to $34^{\circ}C$ using a temperature gradient table (all other environmental conditions were kept constant). At the end of each week, wet weight of each sample was recorded, and thalli were reduced to the original stocking density of $1gL^{-1}$ (excess biomass was preserved for tissue carbon and nitrogen analysis). Generally, the growth rates of Korean G. vermiculophylla > LIS G. vermiculophylla > G. tikvahiae. After one week of growth G. tikvahiae grew 9.1, 12.0, 9.4, and 0.2% $d^{-1}$, at temperatures of 20, 24, 29, and $34^{\circ}C$, respectively, while G. vermiculophylla (LIS) grew 6.6, 6.2, 5.7, and 3.6% $d^{-1}$. G. vermiculophylla (Korea) grew 15.4, 22.9, 23.2, and 10.1% $d^{-1}$, much higher than the two strains currently inhabiting the LIS. On average, the LIS G. vermiculophylla strain contained 4-5% DW N, while the Korean strain and G. tikvahiae had more modest levels of 2-3% N DW. However, tissue N content declined as temperature increased in LIS and Korean G. vermiculophylla. The non-native haplotype may have evolved genetic differences resulting in lower growth capacity while concentrating significantly more nitrogen, giving the non-native a competitive advantage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 1998

Anthers of three cross combinations of hot-pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) were cultured on Dumas De Vaulx medium supplemented with some growth regulators. The embryo production efficiency and the diversity for agronomic traits in $A_2$ lines were investigated. The embryo production frequencies of hybrid combinations were ranged from 16.4% to 43.4%, the highest embryo induction combination was DGSH $\times$ C-NH with 43.4% embryogenic efficiency. Among total 275 $A_2$ lines, phenotypic variants were found in six lines, 2.1% variant frequency. The diversity of $A_2$ lines derived from anther culture was different according to the cross combinations. Fruit color was within parental range, no transgressive variation was observed. However leaf color showed transgressive variation. In fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight, one C-HC $\times$ DGSH and DGSH $\times$ C-NH showed great diversity compared with doner parents while Cheokjo 1 $\times$ C-NH crossed with Cheokjo 1 with big fruit shape showed small diversity. Stem length to 1st branch was relatively similer to or longer than donor parents. Stem thick exhibited remarkable diversity. Node number to 1st branch distributed alomost within the range of donor parents in C-HC $\times$ DGSH combination, however great transgressive variations were observed in DGSH $\times$ C-NH and Cheokjo 1 $\times$ C-NH combinations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.402-406
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• 2007

This study was performed to develop the molecular marker for sex determination of hare (Lepus coreanus) distributed in Korea which focused on sexual dimorphism between X and Y chromosomal homologous genes, zinc finger-X (ZFX) and -Y (ZFY). The intron 7 regions of ZFX and ZFY genes exhibited differential amplification patterns between male and female hares. The lengths of intron 7 region of ZFX and ZFY genes were 538 and 233-bp, respectively. Especially, the ZFX intron 7 contained a repetitive sequence identified as member of RNA-mediated transposable elements which was similar to CSINE2 commonly found in the rabbit genome. However, it was not present in intron 7 of ZFY gene. The molecular sex typing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also carried out to determine the sex of hare based on difference in lengths between the intron 7 regions of ZFX and ZFY genes. All DNA samples tested had common band amplified from ZFX. However, the male hare DNAs had two distinct bands which amplified from ZFX and ZFY genes, respectively. The results from ZFX-ZFY PCR sex typing were identical to those from phenotypic investigation and from amplification patterns using male-specific sex determining region Y (SRY) gene as well. Finally, this study suggested that the sexual dimorphism between intron 7 regions of ZFX and ZFY could be useful genetic marker to determine sex of hare.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.156-159
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• 2010

Inversion, one of the balanced rearrangements, usually does not lead to phenotypic abnormalities; all genetic information exists in the proper amount, merely in a different order or in an abnormal location. However, offspring of an inversion carrier is at risk of chromosomal imbalance because an inversion loop can be formed during crossing-over of the paternal and the maternal chromosomes in meiosis. We report a 38-year-old woman with inversion and balanced translocation and her fetus with unusual rearrangement causing chromosomal imbalance. We performed conventional cytogenetic analysis, MLPA, and subtelomeric FISH in the cells of the embryo. The results showed that the distal portion of chromosome 13q was added to the terminal portion of chromosome 9p during crossing-over. Therefore, the final karyotype of the fetus was 46,XY,rec(9)t(9;13)(p22;q32)inv(9)(p12q13)mat, confirmed using molecular-cytogenetic analyzing tools.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 2002

The cloning and expression of Phosphotyrosine Protein Phosphatase into E. coli provides important tools of understanding of its functions and signal transduction mechanisms. The abundant soluble protein of the Phosphotyrosine Protein Phosphatase A (PtpA) and the active site mutant PtpA(C9S) were produced using the expression vector pET26 in E. coli and pIJ6021 with the thiostrepton in S. lividans. The enzyme activity of both proteins extracted by Ni-NTA column had same results from the expression vector pET26 and pIJ6021. The enzyme activity of phosphatase was found in the protein of PtpA, but not in that of C9S. The western blot detected by penta His-tag antibody resulted in the inducer, thiostrepton was not a good trigger to induce a large amount of PtpA protein. The overexpression of both proteins had no significantly different effect on the A factor cascade related to the secondary metabolite and mycelium formation between PtpA and C9S. However, overproduction of PtpA protein using pIJ6021 in S. lividans brought about a dramatic decrease in the amount of phosphotyrosine proteins (p200, p90, and p65), but no significantly phenotypic variation in S. lividans. This indicates that PtpA has an important proteome role in signal transduction mechanism of producing massive amount of phosphotyrosine protein in Streptomyces sp.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2001

This study was carried out to discriminate potato cultivars and breeding lines by specific molecular markers using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The genotypes of potatoes used for analysis were eight cultivars and five breeding lines. Some of those show much phenotypic resemblances among them because 'Jopung', 'Daekwan70', 'Gawon', and 'Daekwan72' have immediate parental relationship with 'Superior', 'Irish Cobbler', 'Namsuh', and 'Atlantic', respectively. So, there are many difficulties to distinguish the varieties by the morphological characteristics. Three URP primers, URP2, URP4, and URP8 were selected for promising primers to discriminate potato genotypes or cultivars. The three URP primers were shown very high reproducibility because of the relatively high annealing temperature and long primer size. Although the results of similarity analyses did not always reflect the genetic relationship between potato varieties, the reproducible pattern of amplified DNA bands by URP primers showed possibility for molecular markers for discrimination of potato genotype or cultivar.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.737-750
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• 2015

This study was carried out to construct a DNA profile database for 102 watermelon cultivars through the comparison of polymorphism level and genetic relatedness using genomic microsatellite (gMS) and expressed sequence tag (EST)-microsatellite (eMS) markers. Sixteen gMS and 10 eMS primers showed hyper-variability and were able to represent the genetic variation within 102 watermelon cultivars. With gMS markers, an average of 3.63 alleles per marker were detected with a polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.479, whereas with eMS markers, the average number of alleles per marker was 2.50 and the PIC value was 0.425, indicating that eMS detects a lower polymorphism level compared to gMS. Cluster analysis and Jaccard's genetic distance coefficients using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) based on the gMS, eMS, and combined data sets showed that 102 commercial watermelon cultivars could be categorized into 6 to 8 major groups corresponding to phenotypic traits. Moreover, this method was sufficient to identify 78 out of 102 cultivars. Correlation analysis with Mantel tests for those clusters using 3 data sets showed high correlation ($r{\geq}0.80$). Therefore, the microsatellite markers used in this study may serve as a useful tool for germplasm evaluation, genetic purity assessment, and fingerprinting of watermelon cultivars.