• 보건행정학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.425-456
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• 2011

Background: Organizations in the pharmaceutical industry are highly dependent on the institutional environment. The introduction of pharmacoeconomics to the decision-making on the price and reimbursement decisions became strong constraints to pharmaceutical companies in Korea. As little is known about the issue on organization-environment interaction in the healthcare field, this study aimed to figure out how pharmaceutical companies adapted to the environmental changes. Methods: A multicase study method was used, selecting eight cases among multi-national pharmaceutical companies in South Korea. In-depth interviews were conducted with the managers of these organizations, and secondary data were reviewed to complement the interviews. Results: Pharmaceutical companies viewed the new policies as a big threat and sought for actions against them. One of the most distinguishing organizational changes was to construct a Market Access department. Other strategies managing the environment such as co-optation, forecasting, and bargaining were also implemented. These changes were consistent with the predictions of Resource Dependency Theory and Institutional Theory. Conclusions: The interactions between pharmaceutical companies and institutional environments in healthcare were first explored. This study presents a new perspective on how organizations change and the motives for the changes. The findings of this case study will form the basis of further empirical studies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 혁신형제약기업 인증 기업을 대상으로, 기술혁신활동에 대한 효율성과 생산성을 분석하여 경쟁력을 진단하고 강화 방안을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 38개 혁신형제약기업에 대한 2017~2019년 동안의 투입(연구개발비, 종업원 수) 및 산출(매출, 영업이익, 특허) 데이터를 수집하여, DEA, Tobit 및 MPI를 실시하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 혁신형제약기업의 DEA 결과는 규모의 효율성을 보여주는 CCR 모형 값과 내부 운영 효율성을 나타내는 BCC 모형 값 간에 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 효율성은 기업의 특성에 따라 다르지 않았다. 셋째, Tobit 모형은 보유특허수가 효율성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 전체 MPI는 0.89로, 이는 TECI가 3%p 감소하고 TCI가 4%p 증가한 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 비효율의 원인을 규명하고 목표값을 제시하여 효율성 향상을 위한 대응전략을 위한 의사결정 자료로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2021

마케팅-영업-인터페이스(MSI) 능력은 영업사원들이 시장에서의 지식과 경험을 보다 효과적으로 조직 내부 자원들과 소통하는 능력으로서 영업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 제약회사 영업사원의 마케팅-영업-인터페이스(MSI) 능력이 직무만족도를 통해 영업성과에 영향을 미치는 매개효과를 분석하였다. 전국 제약회사 5곳의 영업사원을 대상으로 2021년 4월 15일부터 4월 23일까지 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 총 257부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 분석 결과 영업사원이 지각하는 MSI능력은 직무만족도 및 영업성과에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 보였다. 또한 제약회사 영업사원이 지각하는 MSI능력은 직무만족도를 매개하여 영업성과에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 보였다. 분석결과는 제약회사 영업사원의 영업성과 향상을 위해 MSI능력과 직무만족도의 중요성을 시사하며, 직무만족도의 매개효과에 주목하여 영업사원 관리와 관련된 방안 마련이 필요함을 보여준다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2015

Eight isoflavonoid compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of Maackia amurensis which had shown the highest anti-Helicobacter pylori activity among the fractions, using medium pressure liquid chromatography and recrystallization. Based on the spectroscopic data including $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, HMBC and MS data, the chemical structures of the isolates were determined to be (-)-medicarpin (1), afromosin (2), formononetin (3), tectorigenin (4), prunetin (5), wistin (6), tectoridin (7) and ononin (8). Anti-H. pylori activity of each compound was evaluated with broth dilution assay. As a result, (-)-medicarpin (1), tectorigenin (4) and wistin (6) showed anti-H. pylori activity. (-)-Medicarpin (1) exhibited the most potent growth inhibitory activity against H. pylori with the minimal inhibitory concentration $(MIC)_{90}$ of $25{\mu}M$, and tectorigenin (4) with $MIC_{90}$ of $100{\mu}M$ ranked the second. This is the first study to show the anti-H. pylori activity of M. amurensis, and it is suggested that the stem bark of M. amurensis or the EtOAc fraction or the isolated compounds can be a new natural source for the treatment of H. pylori infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7479-7484
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• 2015

Diseases related to water impurities may present as major public health burdens. The present study aimed to assess the mutagenicity of drinking water from different zones of Tehran, and evaluate possible health risks through making tea with tea bags, by Ames mutagenicity test using TA 100, TA 98 and YG1029 strains. For this purpose, 450 water samples were collected over the period of July to December 2014 from 5 different zones of Tehran. Except for one sample, no mutagenic potential was detected during these two seasons and the MI scores were almost normal (${\leq}1-1.6$) in TA 100, TA 98 and YG1029 strains. Although no mutagenic effects were considered in TA 98 and TA 100 in the test samples of our three evaluated tea bag brands, one sample from a local company showed mutagenic effects in the YG1029 strain (MI=1.7-1.9 and 2) after prolonged (10-15 min.) steeping. Despite the mild mutagenic effect discovered for one of the brand, this cross sectional study showed relative safety of water samples and black tea bags in Tehran. According to the sensitivity of YG1029 to the mutagenic potential of water and black tea, even without metabolic activation by s9 fraction, this metabolizer strain could be considered as sensitive and applicable to food samples for quantitative analysis of mutagens.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-76
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• 2003

Background : Aim of this study is focused on the analysis of the needed abilities of medical representatives resulting in building up the market and increasing sales. It is to propose methods to increase this ability ensuring continuous growth in market share and profit. Methods : A survey was conducted between January 6 and May 31, 2003. Using SPSS(Version 10.0), the collected data was analyzed by Hotelling T2, factor analysis. Some hypotheses were selected to include the conclusion. Some questionnaires for physicians working in hospitals or clinics and the medical representatives working in a pharmaceutical company were created and asked to them to either prove or reject those hypotheses. The results were analyzed to find the primary factors that effect the interactions between physician and the medical representatives. These factors were also studied along with the theoretical research based on published references. Results : The results were as follows. The main reasons for the physician to meet with a medical representatives were collection of product informations needed for patient treatment and collection of informations on current medical issue and as well as personal interests. The main parameters by which physicians evaluate the medical representatives are human relationship including sincerity and manners and supply of accurate and unbiased information on products. Overall, the medical representatives' perception on the importance of medical knowledge and ability to deliver it are lower than that expected by physicians. Conclusion : Medical and pharmaceutical companies' environment are changed rapidly. And those changes forced medical representatives to set new roles and competency. In order to drive away from the past 'rule of thumb' and 'adaptation to circumstance', optimal method and systemic development to train and support the medical representatives should be quipped. They will help medical representatives to be specialists in medical knowledge and to understand the exact need of health care professions. Product competitiveness will be increased and eventually successful business can be achieved through it.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.157-157
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• 2002

The toxicity of GX-12, a naked DNA vaccine developed by research team of Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Green Cross Company and Genexine for the treatment of HIV infection, was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In single-dose intramuscular/oral acute toxicity studies, animals were treated 0, 250, 1000 or 4000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/$m\ell$ in sodium phosphate buffer.(omitted)

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.178-179
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• 2002

GX-12 is a naked DNA vaccine developed by Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company, Green Cross Company and Genexine for the treatment of HIV infection. GX-12 consists of four separate plasmids. This study was performed to investigate the autoimmunogenic potential of GX-12 using primary and secondary PLNA method, and to examine the induction of autoantibodies in mice immunized with GX-12.(omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2000

In order to investigate the stereochemical requirements of planar structure at 4-position of 4-phenyl-1-arylsulfonylimidazolidinones (1) for their cytoxicities against human cancer cell lines, the size, the distance from imidazolidinone ring, and the conformation of this moiety were variegated. Replacement of phenyl moiety with naphthyl in compounds 2 and 3 or benzyl moiety in compound 4 sharply reduced activity of 1. Conformational restriction on phenyl ring in compound 5 also resulted in the loss of activity of 1. Therefore, phenyl moiety without any substituents directly attached to imidazolidinone ring of 1 should be considered as an essential pharmacophore for this analog.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.250.2-251
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• 2002

DA-8159 is a new. highly selective. potent cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor developed by Dong-A Pharmaceutical Company(Kyunggi, Korea) as an oral drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. NO- cGMP signal transduction pathway plays a key role for relaxation of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. In this study. the efficacy of DA-8159 was evaluated by measuring the length of uncovered penile mucosa in spinal cord injury(SCI) rabbits. (omitted)