• 농촌계획
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

The purpose of the research is to analyze damages of TYLCV (Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus) in the context of climate changes and to find the spatial distribution of the damages and characteristics of regions. A TYLCV is generally known for a plant disease related to temperature. Its occurrence rate increases when temperature rises. This disease first occurred in 2008 and rapidly spread nationwide. Due to the spread of a TYLCV, a number of Tomato farms in Korea were damaged severely. To analyze damages of the pest in the context of climate changes, this research estimated production loss under the current situation and RCP scenarios. Additionally, Hot Spot Analysis, LISA, and Cluster analysis were conducted to find spatial distribution and properties of largely damaged regions under RCP scenarios. The results explained that additional production loss was estimated differently by regions with the same temperature rising scenario. Also, largely damaged regions are spatially clustered and factors causing large damages were different across regional cluster groups. It means that certain regions can be damaged more than others by diseases and pests. Furthermore, pest management policy should reflect the properties of each region such as climate conditions, cultivate environment and production technologies. The findings from this research can be utilized for developing rural management plans and pest protection policies.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

The protection of silkworm and its host plants from various kinds of pests parasite and predator is a chronic problem in sericulture. Silkworms and its primary food plants are heavily damaged by large number of pest. The major pests of primary tasar food plants (Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia tomentosa) are the gall insect (Trioza fletcheri minor). Various species of aphids (Eutrichosiphum sp.) have been recorded to damage oak tasar food plants whereas muga silkworm host plants (Machilus bombycina and Litsaea polyantha) are generally attacked by stem bores (Zeuzera multistrigata). Castor (Ricinus communis) is one of the primary host plant of eri silkworm and extensive damage is caused by the castor white fly (Trialeurodes ricini). Insects pests are major enemies of silkworms. Parasites (Blepharipa zebina, Exorista bombycis, Apateles glomeratus), predators (Canthecona furcellata, Sycanus collaris, Hierodulla bipapilla), wasps (Vespa orientalix) and ants (Oecophylla smargdina) continues to cause damage to silk industry. It is estimated that the losses due to parasites and predators are to an extent of 15-20 percent and varies from crop to crop. The complexities in the behaviour and life cycle of pest population existing in semi ecosystem warrant a special attention for their effective management specially in changing scenario for our modern sericulture. Though use of synthetic insecticides has provided us with effective control of almost all major pests and predators, yet their undesirable side effects limit their continued use. Biological control is one of the most important method which can be used to control the pests, parasites and predators population in sericulture. Various potential parasitoids, which can be utilized as an agent of biological control in sericulture have been screened. The natural enemies of the uzi fly (E. bombycis and B. zebina ) are already present in the nature. Nesolynx thymus, Trichria sp., Splangia endius, Dirhinus sp., Trichopria sp., Trichomalopsis apanteloctena and Pediobius sp. are the major parasitoids effective against uzi fly pupa. The scelionid Psix striaticeps and Trissolcus sp. are the Potential egg Parasitoids against stink bug (Canthecona furcellata). Various other native natural potential parasitoids have been screened and suitable strategies have been developed to check the population of pest insect in sericulture.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2013

To improve the integrated pest management (IPM) of hot pepper, field study was conducted in Hwasung from 2010 to 2012 and an IPM system was developed to help growers decide when to apply pesticides to control anthracnose, tobacco budworm, Phytophthora blight, bacterial wilt, and bacterial leaf spot. The three field treatments consisted of IPM sprays following the forecast model advisory, a periodic spray at 7-to-10-day intervals, and no spray (control). The number of annual pesticide applications for the IPM treatment ranged from six to eight, whereas the plots subjected to the periodic treatment received pesticide 11 or 12 times annually for three years. Compared to the former strategy, our improved IPM strategy features more intense pest management, with frequent spraying for anthracnose and mixed spraying for tobacco budworm or Phytophthora blight. The incidences for no pesticide control in 2010, 2011, and 2012 were 91, 97.6, and 41.4%, respectively. Conversely, the incidences for the IPM treatment for those years were 7.6, 62.6, and 2%, and the yields from IPM-treated plots were 48.6 kg, 12.1 kg, and 48.8 kg. The incidence and yield in the IPM-treated plots were almost the same as those of the periodic treatment except in 2011, in which no unnecessary sprays were given, meaning that the IPM control was quite successful. From reviewing eight years of field work, sophisticated forecasts that optimize pesticide spray timing reveal that reliance on pesticides can be reduced without compromising yield. Eco-friendly strategies can be implemented in the pest management of hot pepper.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2009

The insecticidal toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most commonly used in the development of genetically modified (GM) crops. In this research, we analyzed Bt rice showing lepidopteran pest-resistance. The Bt gene is a synthetic Cry1Ac composed of optimal codons for plants, and the Bt protein is targeted to the chloroplast by a transit peptide. Three Cry1Ac rice events (C103-3, C127-1, and C7-1) were analyzed for molecular characterization. C103-3 contains two copies of T-DNA where the left border (LB) region is truncated. Both C7-1 and C127-1 have a single copy of T-DNA, but a part of the vector backbone DNA is inserted into the genome of C127-1; thus, only C7-1 had intact T-DNA. Progenies of C7-1 crossed with the original cultivar, Nakdong, and double-haploid lines from anther culture of lines crossed with the elite cultivar, Dongjin, were analyzed for T-DNA flanking genomic DNA and genotyping. Results showed that an intact T-DNA region without the vector backbone was inserted into the genome and was stably inherited through generations. The C7-1 homozygous event could be used as breeding material to develop GM rice with pest resistance.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.34-46
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate disinfection state and effective factors of foodservice facilities and utilities of elementary schools in Busan area. Foodservice facilities and utilities investigated in this study were ceiling, wall, floor, trench, greasetrap, hood, pest and dumb waiter. The questionnaire which was administered to 196 dietitians was used as a survey method. The results were as follows. The washing method of foodservice facilities and utilities was mainly used by detergent washing-natural dry. The disinfection method of foodservice facilities and utilities was mainly sanitized by sodium hypochlorite. Dumb waiter and hood were sanitized by 70% ethyl alcohol and iodine. In washing and disinfection frequencies of foodservice facilities and utilities ceiling was twice/year, wall, hood and pest control facilities were once/week, floor, trench, greasetrap and dumb waiter were everyday, respectively. Floor, trench, greasetrap and dumb waiter were disinfected properly, whereas ceiling, wall, hood and pest were not disinfected properly. The washing method was related to dietitian's marital status and education. The disinfection state was related to dietitian's age and career, having of sanitation check list. The disinfection method was also affected dietitian's marital status, number of employee, duration of foodservice, number of total serving and having of sanitation check list. Therefore based on the results of this study, it should be given to the microbiological study on disinfection of facilities and utilities such as ceiling, wall, floor, trench, greasetrap, hood, pest and dumb waiter and the dietitian and employee's sanitation training also should be conducted continuously.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.371-374
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• 2010

Contarinia maculipennis Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)는 동남아시아가 원산인 해충으로 일본, 미국, 하와이에 분포하는 종이며 최근 일본, 미국, 네델란드에서는 태국으로부터 수입된 양란에서 발생이 보고되고 있다. 우리니라에서는 발생시 채소 및 관상식물 등에 피해를 유발할 것으로 예상되어 현재 식물방역법상 관리해충으로 지정되어 있다. 국내에서는 2000년 중반을 전후하여 비공식적으로 양란에서 유사증세가 발생한다는 보고가 있어 왔고 2007년에서야 공식적으로 C. maculipennis의 발생에 의한 피해로 확인되어 양란혹파리로 명명하였다. 이후 덴파레 농가를 중심으로 양란혹파리 발생 피해가 주기적으로 확인되었는데, 이번 조사는 2008~2009년 동안 덴파레를 중심으로 한 양란재배 농가를 대상으로 양란혹파리의 발생과 피해를 집중적으로 조사하였고 위 결과를 근거로 향후 합리적인 방제 대책 수립을 위한 기초를 확립하고자 한다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.656-663
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• 2018

최근 4차 산업혁명 시대를 맞아 주목받고 있는 가상현실 기술이 사회 전반적으로 확산 및 보급됨에 따라 가상현실 산업에 대한 기대치는 점차 높아지고 있다. 이에 구글이나 페이스북 등 세계적인 대기업뿐만 아니라 국내에서도 삼성이나 LG 등 대기업들이 가상현실을 미래성장 동력으로 인식하여, R&D 및 초기 생태계 선점에 주력하고 있다. 그러나 국내에선 아직 글로벌 시장과 경쟁하기에는 환경이 제대로 갖추어져 있지 않고, 가상현실에 관련한 스타트업이나 중소기업이 생겨나고 있지만 성공한 기업의 사례가 많지 않은 것이 현실이다. 본 연구에서는 현재 국내외 가상현실 시장과 산업을 분석하고 활성화 방안을 제시한다. 거시적 관점으로는 PEST 분석과 미시적 관점으로는 SWOT(Strength, Weaknes, Opportunitiess, Threats)분석, 소비자 분석, 경쟁구조 분석 등을 실시하여 문제점을 도출하여 가상현실 산업이 발전하기 위한 방안을 제안한다. 가상현실 생태계가 아직 형성되어 있지 않고 킬러콘텐츠와 국산 디바이스의 부재, 사업성의 불확실성이 문제점으로 도출되어 인력양성 프로그램 마련, 디바이스 구입 및 사용문제 개선 그리고 관련 사업에 관한 정부의 투자 확대 등을 해결방안으로 제시한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제78권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 1989

컴퓨터 기술을 바탕으로 최근 급속한 발달(發達)을 하고있는 지리정보(地理情報)시스템 (GIS)은 여러 종류의 지구(地區)를 다루어야하는 산림경영(山林經營)에 있어서 커다란 잠재력(潜在力)을 보이고 있다. 이 연구(硏究)에서는 산림 병충해(病蟲害) 관리(管理)의 모형적인 예(例)를 통하여 GIS의 이용(利用) 가능성을 알아보려 한다. 임분(林分)의 특성, 기후(氣候) 상황(狀況)과 지형(地形)등 소나무 좀벌레의 발생(發生)을 좌우하는 인자(因子)들을 공간적(空間的)으로 분석 종합하여 각 지역마다 발생 위험도(危險度)를 지수(指數)로 표시하는 새로운 지도를 만들어 낼수 있었다. 또 다른 공간분석 방법을 통하여 이미 소나무 좀벌레에 감염(感染)된 하나의 임분(林分)으로부터 예상되는 확산(擴散) 경로를 찾아내었다. GIS의 실무적(實務的)인 이용에는 여러가지 고려되어야할 점도 있지만, 공간적인 지구분석(地區分析)을 통하여 산림 경영의 의사결정(意思決定) 과정에 필요한 여러가지 정보를 효과적(效果的)으로 관리(管理) 제공(提供)할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

딱정벌레목(Coleoptera) 거저리과(Tenebrionidae)에 속하는 외미거저리(Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer))는 저장곡물해충의 하나로 알려져 있지만, 대부분 이미 피해를 받은 곡물을 섭식하기 때문에 경제적으로 심각한 위협을 초래할 정도는 아니다. 그러나 이 외미거저리 해충은 많은 나라의 가금산업에서 매우 중요한 해충으로 간주되고 있다. 우리나라의 육계농장에서도 외미거저리가 발생하여 문제를 야기하고 있음이 확인되었고, 이 해충의 발생으로 야기되는 문제로는 육계농장의 보온효과 및 병아리의 전반적인 활력을 떨어뜨리고, 병원균을 전염시킴으로써 가금업자에게 상당한 경제적 손실을 가져다주고 있다. 한편, 육계농장에서 이 외미거저리 개체군을 한 가지 방법으로 완전히 제거하기가 쉽지 않기 때문에 적절한 방제방법을 개발하기 위한 노력이 절실하다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.521-529
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• 2019

Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus is a species of the widespread geminiviruses. The infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) causes a reduction in photosynthetic activity, which is part of the viral symptoms. ${\beta}C1$ is a viral factor encoded by the betasatellite DNA ($DNA{\beta}$) accompanying TYLCCNV. It is a major viral pathogenicity factor of TYLCCNV. To elucidate the effect of ${\beta}C1$ on plants' photosynthesis, we measured the relative chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl fluorescence in TY-LCCNV-infected and ${\beta}C1$ transgenic N. benthamiana plants. The results showed that Chl content is reduced in TYLCCNV A-infected, TYLCCNV A plus $DNA{\beta}$ (TYLCCNV A + ${\beta}$)-infected and ${\beta}C1$ transgenic plants. Further, changes in Chl fluorescence parameters, such as electron transport rate, $F_v/F_m$, NPQ, and qP, revealed that photosynthetic efficiency is compromised in the aforementioned N. benthamiana plants. The presense of ${\beta}C1$ aggravated the decrease of Chl content and photosynthetic efficiency during viral infection. Additionally, the real-time quantitative PCR analysis of oxygen evolving complex genes in photosystem II, such as PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR, showed a significant reduction of the relative expression of these genes at the late stage of TYLCCNV A + ${\beta}$ infection and at the vegetative stage of ${\beta}C1$ transgenic N. benthamiana plants. In summary, this study revealed the pathogenicity of TYLCCNV in photosynthesis and disclosed the effect of ${\beta}C1$ in exacerbating the damage in photosynthesis efficiency by TYLCCNV infection.