• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.625-632
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• 2024

The purpose of the study was to find out the novice mothers' perceptions, experiences, and need on healthy pregnancy. For the research purpose, we conducted the focus group interview with 10 novice mothers who were pregnant of their first child or raising first child under 12 months old. The results of the study were as follows. First, novice mothers recognized 'healthy pregnancies' as 'physically healthy pregnancies for mothers and fetuses,' 'pregnancies where mothers were mentally healthy and happy,' and 'pregnancy planned and prepared with husband together.' Second, novice mothers experienced 'examination of obstetrics and gynecology,' 'management of health and daily life,' and 'preparation of realistic conditions' to prepare for pregnancy and childbirth. Third, difficulties during pregnancy were due to 'sickness and physical changes' and 'psychological and emotional changes.' Fourth, the needs on support for healthy pregnancy were 'pre-education on mental and physical changes caused by pregnancy' and 'support for pregnancy and counseling in advance.'

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2024

This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the intentions of employed married women, aged 19 and above, with no prior experience of childbirth, to give birth to their first child. First, the intention of employed married women to give birth to their first child showed a moderate level of inclination, with slightly higher scores reflected in the subvariables of perceived marital value and perceived child value both within family values, while the effect of perceived gender role value was generally higher than the midpoint. Perception of work-life balance was generally a moderate influence, with the subvariable of balancing work and family being slightly higher than the midpoint in terms of influence. Second, the intention to give birth to a first child was clearly associated with the level of education and showed a positive correlation. However, this intention was negatively correlated with age, perceived child values, perceived marital values, and residential tenure. Third, pregnancy intention was influenced by age, educational level, perceived value of children, perceived value of marrriage, and work-life balance. This study provides meaningful assistance in understanding current low birth rate by gathering data on the preferences of married working women in relation to childbirth and by presenting the diverse perspectives of the women.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 1998

The early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attainment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus-response accomplished by learning. Helping for maternal role attainment is one of nursing goals in the early postpartum period. Based on King's conceptual framework for nursing, this study was planned as descriptive correlation study to determine the significant differences of the degree of nursery room nurses' role performance according to several variables of personal, interpersonal, and working system of nurses in nursery room. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to help maternal role attainment of the early postpartum period of mothers and to the development of relevant nursing theory. The data were collected from Feb. 3 to 28 by questionnaires with 273 nurses in nursery room. The instruments for this study were consisted of four parts : 21 questions for rot performance of nurse. 37 questions for personal system of nurse including 31 questions for role perception of nurse : 65 questions for interpersonal system including 63 questions for job stress of nurses , 18 questions for working system of nurse. The toos to measure role performance and role perception, and job stress of nurse were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.9612, 0.9058, and 0.9649. The data were analysed by using in S.A.S. computerized program and included percentage, t-test, ANOVA Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Duncan multiple range test. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The mean score of the items of role performance was 2.12(SD=0.55) in Likert's 4 points scale. 2. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to role perception(p=0.0001), age (p=0.006), educational background(p=0.002) , and certificate of midwife (p=0.03) among variables of personal system of subjects. 3. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to job stress (p=0.0001) and numbers of children(p=0.006) among variables of interpersonal system of subjects. 4. The degree of role performance was significantly different according to having opportunities for baby(p=0.03), the degree of flexibility to bring baby to mother's room(p=0.046), the scope of visitor for baby(p=0.016) , the degree of flexibility of visiting for baby (p=0.049) , the degree of participation of nurse in establishing visiting rules(p=0.017), existence and/or nonexistance of rules for breast feeding(p=0.010) , existence and/or nonexistance of education for breast feeding (p=0.009), existence and/or nonexistance of breast feeding room(p=0.013) , concert methods for breast feeding (p=0.003), working place (p=0.0001), and career(p=0.019) among variables of personal system of subjects.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.105-120
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of Korean Medicine (KM) doctors toward infertility treatment evaluation tools and develop a standard evaluation tool for mental and physical function improvement following Korean medicine treatment. Methods: An online survey (Moaform) was conducted, and responses were analyzed for members of the Society of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology and KM doctors who participated in the 2021-2022 traditional Korean medicine treatment infertility support program in Gyeonggi-do. Results: In fertility treatment, the most effective indicators that KM doctors wanted to evaluate other than pregnancy and childbirth were reproductive health indicators, overall health improvement, and stress improvement (33.1%, 21.2%, 18.9%). Furthermore, 45.1% of the respondents had experience using the presented infertility stress evaluation tools. For each evaluation tool, 52.1% and 54.6% of the respondents answered that it 'does not reflect the changing circumstances of the times' and that there were 'too many questions'. As for the developing a standard evaluation tool for infertility treatment in KM, KM doctors expected a simple and clear tool focusing on the pregnancy rate. They also wanted the tool to include a reproductive health index, overall function improvement and stress improvements. Conclusions: The survey confirmed the need to evaluate indicators for reproductive health, mental health, and infertility stress in addition to pregnancy rate to assess the effectiveness of KM infertility treatment. It also confirms the necessity of developing an infertility stress evaluation tool with simplified questions that reflects the changing time.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2022

Purpose: Although the term "transition to motherhood" is commonly used in research, the concept is not clear. This study, hence, was conducted to clarify the concept of "transition to motherhood." Methods: The concept analysis framework developed by Walker and Avant is used to analyze the concept of transition to motherhood. Results: Transition to motherhood is defined as the physical, psychological, social, and relational (mother-baby relationship/interpersonal relationship) changes that happen to a woman after pregnancy and delivery of a baby. The attributes of the transition to motherhood include: 1) adapting to physical changes after pregnancy and childbirth; 2) experiencing various psychological changes; 3) changing of her social perception from being a woman to someone's mother; and 4) forming and developing a relationship with the newborn, adjusting priorities, and redefining the relationship between family and others. Meeting the newborn is regarded as an antecedent of the transition to motherhood. Redefining identity and physical image, ensuring mother's well-being, maternal attachment, and confidence in the maternal role are regarded as consequences of the transition to motherhood. The concept was clarified by the presentation of model, borderline, and contrary cases. Conclusion: The significance of this study lies in the clarification of the concept of transition to motherhood and defining its attributes. It is recommended that tools be developed to measure transition to motherhood based on the results of this study. Furthermore, nurses and midwives can use study findings to better understand the concept of transition to motherhood in providing care and support to mothers who experience it.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.336-340
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• 2007

In this study, "housewives" are defined as married women who take care of housework mostly and do not work outside of home. Changing family types and higher education level of housewives enable them to be more interested in heath, beauty, and appearance. Increased interest and more frequent visits to hair salons cause scalp damage as well as hair damage, which results in hair loss. Moreover, some women suffers from scalp and hair damage due to childbirth, but many of them are not aware of it. Therefore, this study tries to find out the following; housewives' perceptions on hair and scalp management, and how such perceptions are formed. In addition, this study will present the direction for beauty marketing taking into account the characteristics of housewives and provide data necessary for them to keep their hair and scalp healthy. For these purposes, a survey was carried out after modifying the questionnaire through a presurvey. The survey tried to find 1) perceptions on hair and scalp management according to demographic characteristics, and attitude toward hair and scalp management according to demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, cross tabulation, t-test, factor analysis, and Analysis of Variance. The results were as follows, most recognize the importance of hair and scalp management but do not receive management because of the high cost, most of them receive information about hair and scalp management from people around them, and the higher the education level and health status, the more active the attitude toward hair and scalp management. These differences were all statistically significant.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

The online shopping industry in China has experienced rapid growth, particularly in the infant goods sector, which is considered highly promising in terms of its growth potential. This growth can be attributed to the Chinese market's increasing economic power, the implementation of new policies concerning marriage and childbirth, changes in family structure, and evolving and diverse consumer demands for infant products. While the infant clothing industry has emerged as a significant player in the Chinese market, there is still a lack of sufficient academic research on the online shopping environment specific to China's infant clothing industry. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of online experiential marketing on brand loyalty and purchase intention among Chinese consumers of children's wear. The study findings indicated that the emotional experience, action experience, and relationship experience encountered by consumers during online interactions had a positive and significant impact on brand loyalty. Both perceptual experience and cognitive experience had a positive and significant influence on consumers' willingness to make a purchase. The study also revealed that brand loyalty had a positive and significant effect on consumers' purchase intention. The perception of online experiential marketing, brand loyalty, and purchase intention varied based on individual attributes, and gender was found to moderate the relationship between online experiential marketing and brand loyalty.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.46-53
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• 2021

This study aimed to compare general and female health-related factor between day-work and shift-work worker. It is based on the data of the Korea National Health&Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) 2nd year on 7th period. The number of participants was 10,430. Out of the participants, 1,995 workers' dara was analyzed. The age, marital status, education level, occupational status and childbirth experience of female workers indicated significant differences between day and shift work. By contrast, health-related quality of life did not represent significant differences these factors; income, subjective health cognition, stress perception, depression experience, menarcheal age, menopausal age and breastfeeding period. The shift work is inevitably implemented as an industrial development and flexible work hours. Therefore, social and national attention and measures as well as those of individual workers are required to reduce the side effects from shiftwork.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.68-85
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of mothers' condition including the level of knowledge and parenting stress that mothers have on infant development. The subjects of this study are 270 mothers whose infants range in age from birth to 36 months. The instruments used are: 1)KCDI(Knowledge of Child Development Inventory, Larsen & Juhasz, 1985) 2)Parenting Stress Scale(Kim & Kang, 1997), and a demographic questionnaire. The data analyses use SPSS 12.0 which employs basic statistics, reliability test, and t-test. This study is time-lag design covering five years. Therefore, the data collected originates from 2002 and 2007 to constitute input from two times. The results of this study indicate that the average pregnancy from the 2007 statistics occurred 0.46 months earlier, after marriage, as compared to pregnancies in 2002. Mothers who gave birth by natural birth increased from 59.9 % to 75.3 % over the five year period. Regarding knowledge of infant development, the level of mothers' knowledge was lower in 2007 than in 2002 according to study results. The level of parenting stress of mothers increased for the 2007 statistics as compared to the 2002 survey.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.729-736
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• 2023

Traditionally, Germany, a conservative welfare state, has pursued a male breadwinner model based on gender division of labor. For a long time, Germany tried to address low fertility through economic support centered on cash benefits, but it was not successful. In 2007, the German government began to shift the paradigm of family policy for work-life balance under the slogan of "A mix of time policy, income transfer, and infrastructure." When the issue of low birth rates emerged as a national concern in Germany, there was a growing social sentiment that not only the government but also private companies should contribute to increasing fertility by providing family-friendly personnel policies and working conditions. Private companies have been voluntarily improving family-friendly working conditions beyond legal obligations, aiming to secure personnel and prevent turnover. Germany's fertility rate is currently rising toward the European average level in 2023, which can be attributed to the government's work-life balance policies and the participation of private companies. In terms of improving work-life balance policies in Korea, it has been proposed to change the perception of the need for fathers to participate in child care, to make parental leave compulsory for men, to guarantee employment for women after childbirth, to expand child care facilities, and to revitalize family-friendly policies in companies.