• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.51-64
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• 2002

In this study of the correlates of peer victimization, 584 $4^{th}$ grade children in Seoul answered questionnaires regarding their personality traits, parent attachment and the marital conflict of their parents. Subjects and their peers also reported on peer aggression and victimization by peers. Data were analyzed by partial correlation, controlling for gender. Children's sociability/activity related positively to peer-rated peer aggression and negatively to self- and peer-rated victimization by peers. Children's shyness/emotionality related positively to self-reported peer aggression and to self- and peer-rated victimization by peers. Parent attachment related negatively to self-reported peer aggression and victimization by peers and positively to peer-rated peer aggression. Marital conflict related positively to self-reported peer aggression and to self- and peer-rated victimization by peers. Marital conflict was the most influential on peer aggression and children's personality traits were on victimization by peers.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.62-64
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• 2006

The emerging peer-to-peer (P2P) model has recently gained a significant attention due to its high potential of sharing various resources among networked users. Super-peer based unstructured P2P systems have been found very effective by dividing the peers into two layers, super-peer and ordinary-peer Super-peers deal with all queries instead of ordinary-peers. The existing P2P systems assume all super-peers have equal responsibility and capabilities even if all super-peers have relative advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we suggest the ISP2P (Intelligent Super-peer based P2P) which allows to select the best super peer to ordinary-peers. We classify super peers according as the capacity of an ordinary-peer a super-peer. We show that these considerations could improve the performance of the response time and Provide higher quality results to all peers in the network.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.19-33
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• 1998

The relationships of maternal childrearing behaviors and peer experiences to children's self-esteem were examined with a sample of 433 5th- and 6th-grade elementary school students (236 boys and 197 girls) and their mothers. Children answered the questionnaires on peer experience (victimization by peers and peer aggression) and self-esteem, and their mothers answered the questionnaires on maternal childrearing behaviors. Maternal warmth was significantly related to children's self-esteem both in boys and girls. The warmer their mothers, the higher the children's self-esteem. Maternal permissiveness/nonintervention was related to self-esteem only in boys; the more permissive/nonintervention the mothers, the lower the boys self-esteem. Peer experiences (victimization by peers and peer aggression) were significantly related to self-esteem both in boys and girls; the more victimization by peers and peer aggression, the lower their self-esteem. Maternal warmth was related to victimization by peers only in girls; the warmer the mothers, the less victimization by peers experienced by girls. The effect of maternal warmth on self-esteem was mediated by victimization by peers for girls, which indicates that maternal warmth doesn't have a direct influence but an indirect influence on victimization by peers of children. Victimization by peers was related to peer aggression both in boys and girls. The more victimization by peers they experienced, the more peer aggression they showed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.523-534
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• 2009

This study examined the mediating role of representation of peers on the relations between children's representation of mother and social competence. Subjects were 547 elementary school children. Baron and Kenny's model (1986) was used to investigate mediating effects. Results were (1) there were no differences in the representation of mother by gender. Girls had more positive representation of peers than boys. (2) Girls' representation of mother had more influence on social competence than boys'. (3) Girls' representation of peers had more influence on social competence than boys'. (4) Representation of peers mediated relations between representation of mother and social competence. Girls' representation of peers had more mediating effect than boys'.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.292-294
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• 2005

The emerging peer-to-peer (P2P) model has recently gained a significant attention due to its high potential of sharing various resources among networked users. Super-peer unstructured P2P systems have been found very effective by dividing the peers into two layers, super-peer and edge peer. Super peer deal with all Queries instead of edge peers. The existing P2P systems assume all super peers have equal roles and capabilities. However, all super peers don't so that edge peers should select the best super peer in order to handle Queries well. In this paper, we suggest the ISP2P (Intelligent Super-peer based P2P) which allows to select the best super peer to the edge peers. We classify super peers according as the capacity of a edge peer to a super peer. We show that considering the quality of a edge peer to a super peer can improve the performance of the response time and bandwidth.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.983-992
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of maternal rejective parenting behaviors and preschoolers' aggression and social skills on preschoolers' exclusion by peers. Subjects were 91 5- to 6-year-old preschoolers(49 boys, 42 girls) and their mothers. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and stepwised multiple regression analysis. The major findings are summarized as follows: (1) preschoolers' exclusion by peers was positively correlated with maternal rejective parenting behaviors and preschoolers' aggression. On the other hand, preschoolers' exclusion by peers was negatively correlated with preschoolers' social skills. (2) The most influential factor on preschoolers' exclusion by peers was preschoolers' cooperative behaviors, and the next influential factor on preschoolers' exclusion by peers was maternal rejective parenting behaviors. In conclusion, maternal rejective parenting behaviors and preschoolers' social skills influence preschoolers' exclusion by peers.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) has attracted attention as an alternative way to enable streaming videos on the Internet. Although P2P systems depend on bandwidth contribution from peers, peers are likely to refuse to contribute their bandwidth. In this paper, we proposed a P2P streaming system that encourages peers to contribute their upstream bandwidth by maintaining fairness among peers and providing different video quality between cooperative peers and selfish peers with a manageable way. Our proposed system determines if peers are cooperative or selfish by a rating mechanism based on their contributed upstream bandwidth, and offers a high quality video to cooperative peers as an incentive. Also we propose a tree reconstruction algorithm to make the system work effectively. Through simulation, we show that the tree reconstruction algorithm works effectively, and our incentive mechanism allocates more downstream bandwidth to cooperative peers and punished selfish peers with low quality video.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2010

Using the College Scholastic Ability Test of year 1995, the paper investigates effects of classroom peers on a student's test scores. It exploits exogenous assignment of students across different classrooms within a school under the leveling policy in 1990s. The empirical results reveal strong impacts of peers on individual students. Negative effects of low-performing peers exceed positive effects of high-performing peers. Such a structure of peer interactions has important implications for ability grouping vs. mixing debates in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.247-266
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• 2005

Subjects of this study were 621 children selected from 5th and 6th grades of elementary schools in Pusan. Factors associated with parents and peers varied by type of peer maladjustment(aggressive type and withdrawn type, compared with a control group). Particularly, the level of factors associated with peers varied from the control group by peer maladjusted types(aggressive types and, withdrawn types). Causal relationships of parents' rejection, victimization, negative representation by parents and by peers on child？s maladjustment varied by behavior types. Negative representation of peers had a direct effect only on withdrawal. On the other hand, negative representation of peers had no effect on aggression. Victimization had a first total effect on both withdrawal and aggression.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1-9
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• 1998

The relations of personality characteristics, such as shyness, sociability and self-disclosure and victimization by peers to loneliness in adolescents were examined with a sample of 485 second-grade highschool students(256 boys and 229 girls). They answered the questionnaires on loneliness as well as shyness, sociability, self-disclosure, and victimization by peers. All variables were significantly related to loneliness. The more shy they were and the more victimization by peers they experienced, the more lonely they were. The more sociable they were and the more self-disclosure they showed, the less lonely they were. All variables significantly predicted loneliness and the most influential predictor of loneliness was victimization by peers, indicating that the influence of victimization by peers on loneliness is so powerful for the adolescents.