• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2011

In this study, the antibacterial, antioxidative and inhibitory effects of Allium cepa peel extracts on tyrosinase and elastase were investigated. MIC values of the ethyl acetate fraction of Allium cepa peel on especially, S. aureus among the skin resident flora (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus; Propionibacterium acnes, P. acnes; Pityrosporum ovale, P. ovale; Escherichia coli, E. coli) were 0.06%. The aglycone fraction showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}=5.05{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction in the luminol-dependent $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were 0.05 and $0.03{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The cellular protective effect of the aglycone fraction on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes exhibited more prominent (${\tau}_{50}$, 480 min at $25{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on tyrosinase were 9.16 and $8.68{\mu}g/mL$, the inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) of the aglycone fraction on elastase was $14.12{\mu}g/mL$ The transepidermal water loss of the cream containing 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction was decreased from $8.3g/m^2h$ in control to $6.8g/m^2h$ in the subjects applied with cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Allium cepa peel can function as antioxidant in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS, and possibly as antiaging agents. Allium cepa peel extract could be used as a new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.217-226
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• 2011

The study was conducted to investigate candidate materials as anti-inflammation agent from plant resources. Activities of 33 plant parts extracts with the final concentration of 5${\mu}g/ml$ were evaluated on the several inflammation-related markers such as the release of proinflammatoty cytokine [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) & interleukin-6 (IL-6)], nitric oxide (NO), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha ($I{\kappa}-B{\alpha}$) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The extracts in the final concentration of 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ were also screened on peroxynitrite (ONOO$^-$) scavenging activity. Eleven extracts selected from the screening assay were verified on the inhibition activity on peroxynitrite and total reactive species oxygen (ROS) in the several concentrations. As results, Alpinia officinarum Hance (rhizome), Inula britannica var. chinensis Regel (flower), Ulmus arvifolia Jacq (trunk peel) and Aster scaber Thunb. (aerial part) showed comparatively potent anti-inflammatory activities in vitro cells or chemical level systems, and then these four plant parts should be studied on the antiinflammatory mechanism by further studies.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1745-1751
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• 2008

This study was to investigate of characteristics and antioxidant function of yuza from 4 different area. The hot-water extracts of yuza peel extracts from Geoje, Goseong, Goheung and Namhae(Changseon, Seolcheon) were tested for antioxidant activity in different reaction systems. Contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were $122.18{\pm}1.44$ mg/100 g and $114.39{\pm}0.94$ mg/100 g in hot water extracts from Namhae-Seolcheon, respectively. The highest contents of hesperidin and naringin were $55.45{\pm}1.36$ mg/100 g and $28.41{\pm}0.64$ mg/100 g in hot water extracts from Geoje, respectively. Antioxidant activity of yuza peel hot-water extracts were significantely increased as the increament of sample adding concentration ($500{\sim}10,000{\mu}g$/ml). Reducing power was $6{\sim}9$ folds higher in 10,000 ${\mu}g$/ml concentration than 500 ${\mu}g$/ml and it's O.D. value showed $0.68{\pm}0.012{\sim}0.97{\pm}0.021$. ABTs scavenging activity was more than 80% in 10,000 ${\mu}g$/ml concentration samples, except from Goseong ($78.13{\pm}1.30%$). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was higher in Namhae-Seolcheon ($31.36{\pm}1.36%$) and Namhae-Changseon ($30.28{\pm}1.60%$) at 10,000 ${\mu}g$/ ml concentration, others activity were below 30%. At 10,000 ${\mu}g$/ml concentration, NO radical scavenging activity and antioxidant activity in ${\beta}$-carotene linoleic acid system were $26.49{\pm}1.77{\sim}40.85{\pm}0.95%$ and $24.40{\pm}1.91{\sim}38.17{\pm}0.56%$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.343-348
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of root peel and spear of mulberry (RME and SME, respectively) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Both extracts significantly inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) levels decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with SME. Additionally, the extracts reduced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mRNA levels. Although ROS production was lower in the RME-treated cells than in the SME-treated cells, the levels of other inflammatory parameters, including IL-6 and $PGE_2$, and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 reduced more in the SME-treated cells. These results indicate that SME showed higher anti-inflammatory activities than RME. Therefore, SME can be used as a functional food ingredient to enhance health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2001

The water-soluble extracts of plants used as tea materials were investigated for their antioxidant activities and active components(total phenolics, ascorbate and selenium). Antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were determined by measuring the changes in both peroxide values(POV method) during storage(36 day, $55^{\circ}C$) and conductivity of soybean oil at $110^{\circ}C$(Rancimat method). Soybean oil without any additive was used as a control. Soybean oil treated with 0.02% BHT was used as a positive control. The test samples were prepared by mixing the plant extracts with soybean oil in 0.02% concentration by weight. The water-soluble extracts of lycii fructus(23 d), oolong tea(23 d), orange peel(23 d), citron(22 d), and apricot(22 d) showed longer induction periods, compared to control(21 d) and BHT(21 d) by POV method. Also water-soluble extracts of oolong tea(12 h), instant coffee(11 h), citron(10 h), cinnamomi cortex(10 h), schizandrae fructus(10 h), lycii fructus(10 h) and apricot(10 h) demonstrated longer induction periods, compared to control(8 h) and BHT(8 h) by Rancimat method. The contents of total phenolic compounds were observed to be high in water-soluble extracts of oolong tea, green tea, black tea, coffee, cinnamomi cortex, and cassiae semen. Ascorbate contents were found to be high in coffee, eucommiae cortex, black tea, ganoderma, cinnamomi cortex, persimmon leaf, chicory, green tea and oolong tea extracts. The selenium contents were not detected in all the extracts. The antioxidative effects of some plant extacts were seemed to be the combined effects of various antioxidant components such as phenolics and ascorbate.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2013

Antibacterial activity is an important feature for the development of antibiotics alternatives. Plant extract is considered as a promising alternative for organic farming. In this study, a total of 11 plants were extracted using ethanol to determine their antibacterial activities against to Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, Mannheimia haemolytica and Salmonella gallinarum. The synergistic interaction among plant extracts was also investigated. Plants used in this study were Carthamus nctoricus L. (pA), Poncirus trifollata Raf. (pB), Scutellaria balcalensis Georgi (pC) Prunus sargentii (pD), Cucurbita moschata $D_{UCH}$ Leaf (pE), Allium cepa L. peel (pF) Portulaca oleracea L. (pG), Xanthium strumarium L. (pH), Duchesnea chrysantha (pI), Cudrania tricuspidata (pJ) and Juniperus chinensis L. (pK). The pB and pA had the most broad antibacterial spectrum and the highest activity against to Staph. aureus among plant extract, respectively. In the synergistic interaction, the mixtures of pA and pC as well as pA and pF had batter antibacterial activity against to Staph. Aureus compared with other mixtures.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2001

Helianthus tuberosus has been known to inhibit the growth of weeds and other plants sharing its habitat. This study was conducted to identify the allelochemicals of Helianthus tuberosus which were extracted with water and solvents. Aqueous extracts of leaf, stem, root, tuber and tuber peel of Helianthus tuberosus except tuber did not show significant differences in phytotoxicity to alfalfa seedlings. It was considered that Helianthus tuberosus contained fewer or less potential water-soluble substances that were toxic to alfalfa. Methanol extract of leaves of Helianthus tuberosus was sequentially partitioned in increasing polarity with n-hexane, ethylacetate and n-butanol. Each extract had a yield of 148, 12, 15.7 and 9.5g, respectively. Inhibitory effects on germination of alfalfa seeds treated with four fractions were not significantly different. But the significant reductions on hypocotyl length were observed for all the solvent extracts. Among the four fractions, the ethylacetate fraction showed the most significant inhibition effect on bioassay with alfalfa. Further separation of the active ethylacetate fraction by open column chromatography led to the 25 subfractions. In bioassay of each sub-fraction with alfalfa seeds, sub-fraction No. 13 showed the most inhibitory effect on seedling growth. $^1$H NMR and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that sub-fraction No. 13 was the mixture of straight-chain saturated fatty acids.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2012

We investigated the in vitro antioxidant and antimelanogenesis effects of ethanol extracts from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) peels. The total phenolics and chlorogenic acid in ethanol extracts were 2,465 mg/100 g and 2.08 mg/100 g, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect of the extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the extracts generally showed strong UV absorption in the range of UV-B (290-320 nm). The $IC_{50}$ of mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts from eggplant peels was 870 ${\mu}g/mL$. Importantly, the melanin syntheses of B16/F10 melanoma cells were decreased by extracts in a concentration-dependent manner. Overall, these results suggest that eggplant peels can be potentially applied as a anti-melanogenic agent as well as an antioxidant resource.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.119.2-119.2
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• 2007

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• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.414-421
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• 1995

In order to establish informations important to the measurement of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, providing conditions most favorable for its action and determining factors that inhibit activity, the influence of extraction buffer, substrate, pH, storage, temperature, NaCl, $CaCl_2$, other cations and antioxidants on LOX activity, and localization of LOX in cucumber tissues were carried out. The most favored substrate for LOX was linolenic acid followed by linoleic and arachidonic acids. LOX activity in both peel and mesocarp tissue extracts was maximum at pH 5.5 and relatively stable at $40^{\circ}C\;and\;50^{\circ}C$ temperature. The condition of 0.2 M NaCl with pH 5.0 was observed to provide optimum LOX stability. The enzyme activity was reduced by addition of cations, $Mn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+}\;or\; Al^{3+}$, except $Ca^{2+}$ which stimulated activity of LOX. Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) and propyl gallate decreased LOX activity with increasing concentration. Cucumber peel had higher activity than other tissues, locule or mesocarp, of cucumber.