• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.98-108
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• 2003

The research purpose of this study, together with the study of Frank Stella's work and his expansion of the formative arts field, is to rediscover "Amabel" and to present a fresh perspective in evaluating and assessing environmental art objects. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The study investigated the effect how Frank Stella's work affected American modem art trends. 2. The study helped to re-evaluate Stella's work by examining its expansion into the plastic arts. 3. The study analysed the plastic works of Prank Stella and his effect on plastic arts within the modem art trend of America. In conclusion, Frank Stella played a leading role in today's American art style and had a potent influence on the trends of America's modem U. In recent years, his work has had an impacted on the design of parks and art galleries. America's industrial society is led by the growth of economic power and the development of science and technology. In America's architecture and landscape architecture, such new forms as minimalism functionalism, cubism and abstract expressionism, which have been influenced by art movements, emerged in California and the east coast. Influences of Stella such as these are the remedy for a vested stubborn concept of architecture and landscape architecture by introducing a sense of pictorial space in these fields. In landscape architecture, the introduction of art trends appears in several ways. Mainly the trend of Minimalist Art, influenced by Modernism, can be seen in much Landscape Architecture. Frank Stella contributed to the development of such minimalist art.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.127-140
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• 1991

The Primary purpose of this study is to investigate factors and variables which have significant effects on user satisfaction with recreational facilities in Taejong-Dae recreational complex, thereby establishing indices of planning and development of urban parks and open space. To test the causal models of this research, the date were gathered by self-administered questionnaires from 967 households in Pusan City which were selected by the multi-stage probability sampling methood. The analysis of the multi-stage primarily consists of two phase : The first analysis dealt exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in satisfaction with recreational activities and facilities in Taejong-Dae recreational complex and the second analysis tested the fit of the causal models of this research by employing LISREL methodology. There are three advantages of using LISREL over other multivariate analysis methods : First, measurement error is allowed and calculated in LISREL, otherwise there is a risk of seriously misleading estimates of coefficients ; Second, LISREL deals with latent variables or unmeasured variables ; Third, it enables to test causal relations among variables. The factors analysis identified that five factors are involved in satisfaction with recreational facilities. The five factors of satisfaction with recreational facilities are space for repose and relaxation, active recreation facilities such as pool and zoo, physical exercise facility, convenience and maintenance facility, and linear facility, and linear facility for walking. The second phase analysis tested the fit of the causal models for satisfaction with recreational facilities to the data and identified statistically significant causal linkage among overall satisfaction with Taejong-Dae recreational complex, other endogenous factors and exogenous variables. Overall fits of both causal models were very good. Among endogenous factors, facility for repose and relaxation. linear facility for walking, active recreation facility, facility for convenience and maintenance were identified as having significant effects on overall satisfaction. Exogenous variables which have significant effects on endogenous variables wer also identified. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning and development of the recreational complex. On the basis of these significant causal relationships, implications for planning and the delovepment of Taejong-Dae recreational complex were suggested.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.115-125
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• 2010

This study conducted a survey on recognition of teachers, students, and Parent Teacher Association(PTA) for the Education for Sustainable Development from April to October, 2008. It confirmed a couple of facts, which were summarized as follows; First, among eight educational areas including Environmental Education, Energy Education, Gender Education, World Heritage Education, Multi-cultural Coexistence Education, Peace Education, Education for human rights, and Education for international understanding that UNESCO had offered, this study showed that the 'Environmental Education' is a relatively important area comparing with others. Second, 54.4% of the respondents have agree with the need of the education for sustainable development in the middle school and the high school, and 54.1% of them showed their willingness to participate in the program. Third, because 49.2% of the respondents chose 'important' on the question of 'how important the field education and the experience education are', it looked like most of them agreed with the importance of the field education and the experience education. Fourth, because 61.1% of the responded teachers chose 'need' on the question of 'if it needs relationship with other studies', it looked like most of them agreed with the necessity of relationship with other studies. Fifth, 62.5% of the respondents chose 'no' on the question of 'if they conduct the education for sustainable development Even if some wanted the education for sustainable development, most of them would not do it in the regular curriculum, but in the special activity class or teacher's discretional time. Sixth, most respondents indicated the teacher's class burden and the teacher's lack of knowledge as the problem if the education for sustainable development would be conducted. This result implied that in order to vitalize the education for sustainable development, the teacher's class burden should be reduced and the teacher train program is necessary. Finally, urgent requested studies could improve the education for sustainable development in communities and schools, because the result of the survey showed education, natural observation learning, and visiting ecological parks as important elements.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2018

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) exists spotly in Indonesia and it has potential to be used in parks, golf courses, and football fields. Many football fields and golf course fairways use sand as top soil over native soil. This study aims to analyze growth and quality of two native zoysiagrasses Zis and Zim. Zis is a native zoysiagrass collected in sea-side and Zim is a native zoysiagrass collected in mountain area. Both types of zoysiagrasses were planted at field with altitude of 300 m with various growing media mixes of sand and reservoir's sediment. Thickness of the growing medium was 10 cm over an alfisol clay soil. Experimental plots were constructed using factorial completely randomized design with two native zoysiagrasses and 5 types of growing media. Two ecotypes of native zoysiagrasses showed different in growth habits combined with mixtures of growth media. Zim showed higher growing speed including more vigor with uniformity and texture than Zis. There were not significanthly differences on leaf color and root length between two ecotypes of native zoysiagrasses collected in Indonesia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1570-1576
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• 2008

Construction of the water-friendly facilities in the apartment complex and industrial complex became popular these days. In planning water-friendly facilities, kinds, layouts, water sources, water quality and water circulation system should be studies. In this study, several alternatives for a regional industrial complex project were studies and a most reasonal alternative was selected. A main canal across the central part of the complex is the principle facility with ponds and parks. The water source alternatives were a river nearby, a reservoir, ground water and urban water supply system. For each system, water quantity and quality, circulation system, permit and maintenance were compared. The facilities should be constructed with natural material such as rock and gravel. Average depth and velocity in the canal should be 10 cm and 0.15 m/s, respectively in order to people can feel the water flow in the canal. Based on the comparison, it is found that using the ground water, and water circulation system with storage tanks at the upper and lower ends of the canal system is the best alternative.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze sensitivity of forest ecosystem to climate change using spatial analysis methods focused on 6 national parks. To analyze, we constructed MODIS NDVI and temperature of Korea Meteorologic Administration based on 1km spatial resolution and 16 days. And we conducted time-series and correlation analysis using MODIS NDVI and temperature. A most sensitive region to climate change is Jirisa National Park(r=0.434) and Seoraksan National Park(r=0.415), there is the highest mean correlation coefficient. The sensitivity of forest ecosystem varied according to habitat characteristics and forest types in national park. In Abies koreana of Hallsan Nation Park, temperature has raised, but NDVI has decreased. these results will be based data of climate change adaption policy for protecting forest ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 1995

Autumn visitors to Chuwangsan National Park was more than summer's. About 89% of total visitors used main trail but approximately 35% visited to the Third Falls. The entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail as the trail condition surveyed at the total of 103 points were significantly greater on the more heavily-used trail. Trail conditons of rock-exposed, root-exposed, deepening points as the deterioration types of trail were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. According to the topographic position of trail, severe difference of dominant trees in the edge vegetation was found and Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhododendron yedoense and Fraxinus sieboldana were dominant in shrub layer of trail edge vegetation. The crown coverage, number of species and individuals of shrub layer in edge vegetation were generally higher than those in the other national parks with more heavily-used trail.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing the practical park management. For this, satisfaction degree, satisfaction factors and estimated model by satisfaction variables of visitors analyzed through a questionnaire survey in Byeonsanbando National Park, Korea. In the evaluation of the satisfaction, variables of 'careless cooking'. 'collection of natural plants & animals', 'Noise and urination on the road' and 'Littering problem' at Naesosa and 'crowding', 'touting', 'Indiscreet use' and 'Illegal merchant' at Gyeokpo was most unsatisfied than any other variables. Satisfaction factors by Factor Analysis were loaded with 'user management' at Naesosa(65.1%) and 'business behavior management at Gyeokpo(68.4%) by the highest contribution degree. In estimated model of satisfaction by Multiple Regression Analysis showed in order of 'Injury of landscape resource', 'Lack of information facility', 'crowding' and 'Lack of employee's guidance or kindness' at Naesosa and 'Injury of landscape resource', 'Lack of information facility', 'Illegal merchant', Lack of facility to stay' and 'Lack of employee's guidance or kindness' at Gyeokpo. So, Mountain and marine National Parks needed different management policy and are required to institutional apparatus for user education.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.26-40
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• 2018

The aim of this research is to analyze factors affecting bicycle accidents using the PLS structural equation. Accident types in this study were categorized into total accidents, serious injuries including death, and light injuries which occurred at nationwide Si Gun Gu. It was found that urbanization was the main factor for bicycle accidents through the accident models developed in this study. Population, ratio of economically active population, density of intersections, ratio of urbanized area, commercial and industrial land-uses, number of drive license holders, number of education institutions, number of parks were the main factors causing bicycle accidents. Besides, length of bicycle roads, number of bicycles, and ratio of bicycle as mode choice also increased bicycle accidents.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

In any developing nation major investment goes for infrastructure and it is not exception in India. Good numbers of buildings, bridges, shopping malls, car parks etc. are coming up with steel for sustainable development. Thus protecting the structures from corrosion are the challenges faced by professionals for all types of steel structures. About 3% of GDP is accounted for loss due to corrosion. To combat this up to date corrosion map is called for as the country has wide variation of climatic zones with vastcoastline. Logically organic paint system can be prescribed based on the corrosion rate on bare steel with respect to environment. Present paper will emphasis on the study conducted on two types of structural steel coated with organic paint located in twomarine environment having been exposed for three years, Test coupons made from steels both bare and coated are deployed at two field stations having marine (Digha) and industrial marine (Channai) environments. Various tests like AC impedance DC corrosion, polarisation, salt spray test, $SO_2$ chamber and Raman spectroscopy were carried out both in laboratory on fresh as well as coupons collected from exposure sites. Rust formed on the bare and scribed coated coupons are investigated. It is found that normal marine environment at Digha exhibits higher corrosion rate than polluted marine environment in Channai. Rust analysis indicates formation of ${\propto}$-FeoOH protects or reduces corrosion rate at Channai and formation of non-protective ${\gamma}$-FeoOH increases corrosion rate at Digha. The slower corrosion rate in Channai than at Digha is attributed due to availability of $SO_2$, in the environment, which converts non‐protective rust ${\gamma}$-FeoOH to protective rust ${\propto}$-FeoOH. While comparing the damage on the coated panels it is found that low alloy structural steel provides less damage than plain carbon steel. From the experimentations a suitable paint system specification is drawn for identical environments for low medium and high durability.