• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

수원 지역의 영농기간중 강우의 화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 1999년 및 2000년 2년 간 4월부터 10월까지 각각 1개월 동안 수원지역에 내린 빗물의 화학적 성분조성과 강우량을 고려한 가중평균(volume-weighted mean) 이온농도 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사 기간 중 강우 pH는 편서풍의 영향을 받는 기간인 4월이 6월 이후의 강우에 비해 높게 나타나 계절적 특성을 보였다. 강우시료에 대한 pH별 강우 분포는 pH 5.6 이상이 45.1%로 가장 많았으며, pH 5.6∼5.0 및 4.5∼4.9 범위의 강우가 각각 31.4%와 19.6%를 차지하였다. 빗물의 조성은 S $O_4$가 음이온의 50%이상을 차지하였고 전체 양이온 함량의 약 65% 가 N $H_{4}$$^{+}$와 $Ca^{2+}$로 구성되어 있다. 월별 빗물 pH는 측정치(p $H_{/obs}$)는 6월에서 9월 사이에 낮은 반면, 이론치(p $H_{\the}$)는 같은 기간에 증가하여 대기중의 알카리성 물질들에 의한 중화력이 다른 기간에 비해 낮았다. 또한, 강우중 비해염 sulfate는 총 sulfate 함량의 약 93.6%이었다. 강우의 산성도 기여율(nss-S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$ /N $O_{3}$$^{-}$)은 평균 2.1로 비해염 S $O_{4}$$^{2-}$ 에 의한 기여율이 N $O_{3}$$^{-}$ 보다 약 2배 가량 높았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of input ratios of bulking material in aerobic composting of food wastes on variation of colony forming units of heterotrophic bacteria. Wood chips were used as a bulking material. Volume ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, WC-1 and WC-2 were 10/0, 10/5 and 10/10, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1hour stirring by 1rpm and 2 hours of the forced aeration per day. WC-2 reached high temperature range faster than WC-1, and the maximum temperature of WC-2 was higher than that of WC-1. This means that the reaction velocity of composting of WC-2 was faster than that of WC-1. Judging from the profile of pH changes, composting of WC-1 proceeded slowly and continuously. Composting of WC-2 proceeded rapidly in the former half reaction period, and kept steady state of high pH in the latter half reaction period. Namely, composting of WC-2 was nearly completed in the former half reaction period. In the case of WC-1 and WC-2. the maximum temperature was followed by the rapid pH increase in 2-3 days, and this was followed by the maximum Colony Forming Units(CFU) in 3 days. But, these three items of WC-2 always appeared faster and higher than those of WC-1.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 1997

한국 재래종 대두(Glycine max) 943계통과 강원도 지성 수집종 야생종(G.soja) 50계통을 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis와 isoelectric focusing 전기영동으로 LAP 동립효소를 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. PAGE에 의한 Lap1*b는 재래종과 야생종에서 가장 흔한 대립인자였다. Lap1*b의 대립인자 빈도는 한국 야생종(0.94)에서보다 재래종(1.00)에서 더 높았다. 이러한 결과는 한국 재래종 대두는 Lap1 유부자좌에서 Lap1*b 대립인자로 고정되어 있음을 나타내는 것이다. IEF 전기영동법을 이용하여 pH 4∼6.5의 gel에서 LAP 동립효소의 band type을 확인한 결과 재래종과 야생종에서 I type과 II type의 band type을 확인하였다. 재래종과 야생종에서 II type이 6계통(7.2％)과 4계통(8.0％)으로 각각 나타났고 I type은 79계통(92.8％)과 46계통(92.0％)으로 각각 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 다양한 band type이 나타날 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2006

Objective : The relationship between the total daily dose of clozapine given and the plasma concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites(N-desmethylclozapine and clozapine N-oxide) and the effect of Glu158Lys (wild-type : Glu, 'H' ; variant : Lys, 'h') and Glu308Gly(wild-type : Glu, 'D' ; variant : Lys, 'd') variation in FMO3 gene on plasma concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites was studied in schizophrenic patients. Methods : Trough plasma concentrations of clozapine and its metabolites were measured in 34 schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine. The genetic variation of 'h' and 'd' in FMO3 were analyzed in 21 among 34 patients. Results : A linear relationship between the total daily dose of clozapine given(mg/kg body weight per day) and the plasma concentrations(nM) of clozapine was revealed by regression analysis(p<0.001) in the 23 patients receiving a constant daily dose of clozapine for 8 days. The plasma molar concentration ratios of clozapine N-oxide/clozapine in 8 subjects with 'hh' or 'Hh' alleles were not different from those in 6 subjects with 'HH' alleles and the plasma molar concentration ratios in 6 subjects with 'dd' or 'Dd' alleles were not different from those in 8 subjects with 'DD' alleles. Conclusion : The effect of Glu158Lys and Glu308Gly variation in FMO3 gene on clozapine metabolism could not be shown.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2015

Cu films were plated in an eco-friendly electroless bath (No-Formaldehyde) on Ni/screen printed Ag pattern/PET substrate. For electroless Cu plating, we used sodium-phosphinate ($NaH_2PO_2{\cdot}H_2O$) as reducing agent instead of Formaldehyde. All processes were carried out in electroless solution of pH 7 to minimize damage to the PET substrate. According to the increase of sodium-phosphinate, the deposition rate, the granule size, and rms roughness of the electroless Cu film increased and the Ni content also increased. The electroless Cu films plated using 0.280 M and 0.575 M solutions of sodium-phosphinate were made with Cu of 94 at.% and 82 at.%, respectively, with Ni and a small amount P. All electroless Cu plated films had typical FCC crystal structures, although the amount of co-deposited Ni changed according to the variation of the sodium-phosphinate contents. From these results, we concluded that a formation of higher purity Cu film without surface damage to the PET is possible by use of sodium-phosphinate at pH 7.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2016

Valsartan, a drug for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, exhibited low bioavailability which was caused by, at least in part, limited solubility at low pH. Present investigation deals with the preparation and characterization of gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) using valsartan solid dispersion. We prepared solid dispersion using surfactants (Poloxamer 407) and alkalizer ($Na_2CO_3$) which may to be useful for improving solubility of valsartan at low pH and evaluated by saturated solubility of valsartan in distilled water. Valsartan gastro-retentive (GR) tablets containing solid dispersion prepared and evaluated by weight variation, floating time and dissolution rate. Compression at lower pressures resulted in the tablets floating over simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for more than 17 h. In vitro release of valsartan from GR tablet was dependent on the amount of poloxamer 407 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. On the basis of evaluation parameter, formulation E-3 was selected as a final formulation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the GR tablets containing solid dispersion may be exploited successfully for the delivery of poorly drug such as valsartan.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 1995

Pharmacolinetic profiles of omeprazole enteric coated granules including Ramezole$^\circledR$, Losec$^\circledR$, omeprazole-Na and omeprazole-resin salt were studied using the crossover design in rats and rabbits. The absorption variance of the preparations at the altered pH condition of the gastrointestinal tract was also studied. After oral administration of four omeprazole enteric coated pellets (10mg/kg) with and without concomitant administration NaHCO$_{3}$ (5 mg/ml, 60 mM) in the rats, the differences of absorplion rate and extent were evaluated. In the NaHCO$_{3}$, administration group, the T$_{max}$ appeared to be 2~10 times shorter than water administration group, and the $C_{max}$ also increased to about 4 times, and the AUC increased to about 2.5 times. Pharmacokinetic parameters of four omeprazole enteric coated pellets in rats showed no statistical significance (ANOVA, P>0.05) in both groups. In the crossover study, the second dosed drug showed 4~5 times increased bioavailability than first dosed drug, which shows the strong carry-over effect of acid secretion of the first dosed drug. The differences of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two test formulations (Losec$^\circledR$ and omeprazole-resin) showed no statistical significance.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.61-63
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• 2014

3,7-bis(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-5-phenyl-5H-benzo[b]phosphinedole 5-sulfide (DBPPS-TPA) and 3,7-bis(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-5-phenyl-5H-benzo[b]phosphinedole 5-selenide (DBPPSe-TPA) are newly synthesized D-A-D type molecules based on dibenzophospholes and their physic-chemical properties are studied in comparison with a P=O type compouond, 3,7-bis(4-(diphenylamino)-5-phenyl-5H-benzo[b]phosphinedole 5-oxide (DBPPO-TPA). Fluorescence emission and electrochemical redox properties of these compounds are investigated regarding results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, X-ray crystallographic structures and UV-vis absorption spectra. These results exhibit systematic variation in optical properties of these compounds having P=O, P=S, and P=Se units. LUMO energy level is systematically modulated with different chalcogenide atoms.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1968

In the oligomerization of p-aminophenol under the catalytic action of the metallic complexes, the effects of the ligands are studied. When the initial velocity of $O_2$ uptake at pH 8 using Fe(Ⅲ) as the central metal and N-hydroxylethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid(CyDTA) as the ligands respectively are compared, the velocities are as the following order: HEDTA > EDTA > DTPA > CyDTA. Further when the effect of the ligands, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), HEDTA, EDTA, and DTPA, on the yields of oligomers are compared, the result shows as the following order: NTA > HEDTA > EDTA > DTPA. These are nearly reverse order of the stability constants of the complexes. In order to determine the composition of the mixed complexes at the initial step, the method of continuous variation is used, and it is found that the composition ratio of Fe-EDTA complex to monomer in the mixed complexes is one at pH 5-8 range. It is also found that at pH 9 or in the more alkaline range, side reactions occur to form water soluble dimer of quinone type and the catalytic action of the metallic complex markedly decreases on account of the hydrolysis of the central metal by the $OH^-$ ion.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.376-379
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• 2016

In this paper, the efficiency improvement of the heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells is obtained by optimization process of p-type a-SiC:H as emitter. The optoelectronic of p-type a-SiC:H layers including the optical band-gap and conductivity under the methane gas content variation is conducted in detail. A significant increase in the Jsc by $1mA/cm^2$ and Voc by 30 mV are attributed to enhanced photon-absorption due to broader band-gap of p-a-SiC:H and reduced band-offsets at p-side interface, respectively of HIT solar cells.