• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.93-109
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• 2006

The concept of intuitionistic fuzzy set was first introduced by Atanassov in 1986. In this paper, we define the intuitionistic(S,T)-fuzzy left h-ideals of a hemiring by using an s-norm S and a t-norm T and study their properties. In particular, some results of fuzzy left h-ideals in hemirings recently obtained by Jun, $\"{O}zt\"{u}rk$, Song, and others are extended and generalized to intuitionistic (S,T)-fuzzy ideals over hemirings.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.889-897
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• 2001

Based on the prime graph of a finite simple group, its order is the product of its order components (see[4]). It is known that Suzuki-Ree groups [6], $PSL_2(q)$ [8] and $E_8(q)$ [7] are uniquely deternubed by their order components. In this paper we prove that the simple groups $A_p$ are also unipuely determined by their order components, where p and p-2 are primes.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2001

The main object of this paper is to investigate several majorization problems involving two subclasses $S_{p,q}(\gamma)$ and $C_{p,q}(\gamma)$ of p-valently starlike and p-valently convex functions of complex order ${\gamma}{\neq}0$ in the open unit disk $\mathbb{u}$. Relevant connections of the results presented here with those given by earlier workers on the subject are also indicated.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.68-76
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• 1999

Coprinus cinereus 2249 producing alkaline-active cellulase was screened from 29 species of Corpinaceae and constitutively produced alkaline carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and filter paper cellulase (Fpase). When cultivated at pH 9.0, 25$^{\circ}C$ and 5 days, copnnus cinereus 2249 produced higher alkaline activity on 0.5% CMC, 2% wheat bran as carbon source and 0.5% peptone, 0.05% yeast extract as nitrongen source compared with other culture conditions. The level of cellulase production was higher in the presence of wheat bran than in the presence of CMC. The optimum temperature and pH for alkaline -active cellulase activity weas 50$^{\circ}C$ and 9, 0, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 1996

The main problems in structural analysis by Finite Eelement Method are difficulty in making data file and error estimation. For decreasing these problems' pays. have been suggesting the adaptive mesh refinement and error estimation method. Posteriory error estimation methods suggested by Jang[1], Babuska[2,3], Ohtsubo[8,9], and this paper. Comparing these methods and examine their properties. According this paper, In the problem supposed having singularity, the method suggested by this paper is good, But the problem supposed having no singularity, the method suggested by Jang[1] is good. For decreasing the effect of initial mesh in p-refinement, make application h-refinement at first and apply p-refinement, and confine polynomial's degree to two, for making program simply by plural mesh models are not needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.142-147
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• 2009

The recent H.264/AVC video coding standard provides a higher coding efficiency than previous standards. H.264/AVC achieves a bit rate saving of more than 50 % with many new technologies, but it is computationally complex. Most of fast mode decision algorithms have focused on Baseline profile of H.264/AVC. In this paper, a fast block mode decision scheme for P- slices in High profile is proposed to reduce the computational complexity for H.264/AVC because the High profile is useful for broadcasting and storage applications. To reduce the block mode decision complexity in P- pictures of High profile, we use the SAD value after $16{\times}16$ block motion estimation. This SAD value is used for the classification feature to divide all block modes into some proper candidate block modes. The proposed algorithm shows average speed-up factors of 47.42 ${\sim}$ 67.04% for IPPP sequences.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1988

This paper was carried out to investigate the relation of pH, aciidity and sourness during Kimchi fermentation and preservatives on Kimchi fermentation. Na-acetate, Na-malate, K-sorbate and K-sorbate+acetic acid were added to Kimchi samples. These Kimchi samples were fomented for 7 days at $37^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. In the experiment about the sourness and buffer action by organic salts which showed that the intensity of sourness was differented by the difference of pH in the same acidity. Na-acetate (0.3%) and Na-malate (0.3%) acted as good buffer, whereas K-sorbate (0.1%) and K-sorbate (0.1%)+acetic acid (0.05%) acted as lactobacilli growth enhancer in the fermentation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.384-390
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• 2004

Polyphenol oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of substrates (t-butylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and pyrocatechol) were performed in the Ph range 4~8. Co ncentrations of substrate's major oxidation products were monitored by high performance liquid chromatograph. The nature and amounts of products formed were highly pH dependent. They also were ifluenced by kinds of substrates. Major oxidation product of 4-methylcatechol appeared the maxium value at pH 5, them of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and pyrocatechol at pH 6.0 and that of t-butylcatechol at pH 5~7. Time-dependent PPO activity was determined at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;30^{\circ}C$. PPO extracted by phosphate buffer containing triton X-114 (t-PPO) was more stable than PPO by phosphate buffer (b-PPO). The result of electrophoresis, at first PPO was showed only a band at 48 kd. After 1~3 days a partial degrade band was appeared in b-PPO and three partial degrade bands in t-PPO. No activity band was appeared in PPOs at $30^{\circ}C$ and b-PPO at $4^{\circ}C$ after 4 days. And a band (37 kDa) in t-PPO was remained finally and disappered. PPO from Perillae leaves has two activity bands at 48 and 37 kDa in previous paper. It was supposed that PPO in the leaves of Perilla frutescens was a protein having one molecular weight as 48 kDa. And 37 kDa protein, relatively proteolysis-resistant, was a proteolyzed form of a major form.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1463-1468
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• 2007

Emission of methyl bromide(MeBr) of soil fumigant was implicated in stratospheric ozone depletion. To determine the environmental fate for 1,3-dichloropene(1,3-D) of alternatives fumigants for MeBr, this paper researched the transformation for 1,3-D in water and soil. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in water with first-order kinetics are 9.9day and 1.7day at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 8.6day and 1.5day at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;40^{\circ}C$, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water at high temperature faster then at low temperature. Hydrolysis for 1,3-D in water are unaffected at $pH\;2.5{\sim}pH\;10.0$, but hydrolysis for 1,3-D at pH 11.5 higher then at $pH\;2.5{\sim}pH\;10.0$. Half lives of cis-1,3-D in soil are 11.5day and 7.7day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, half lives of trans-1,3-D are 9.9day and 6.9day at 3% and 10% of soil moisture, respectively. Transformation for 1,3-D in water increased with increasing soil moisture. Transformation for trans-1,3-D isomer are more rapid then cis-1,3-D isomer in water and soil. This research has identified that transformation for 1,3-dichloropropene are affected by temperature, pH, soil moisture, and isomer of cis and trans in water and soil.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.325-329
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• 2016

Extracting natural dyes have been widely studied since the needs of eco-friendly and non-toxic natural dyes increased. In this paper, the natural dyes were extracted from sappan wood, gardenia, and mugwort containing brazilein, crocin, and chlorophyll process. After the extraction with variables of pH of solvent and reaction time, the chromaticity of extracted natural dyes was analyzed using quantitative values from brightness and color coordinate (L, a, b) based on the target colors of red, yellow and green. For the case of brazilein and crocin, the cadmium red and cadmium yellow, respectively were extracted. In the case of sappan wood and gardenia, the red pigment under pH 12 (${\Delta}$ = 18.2) and the yellow pigment at pH 9 (${\Delta}$ = 18.4) were extracted respectively. However, the color of extracted chlorophyll from mugwort was different from the target chrome green.