• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권9C호
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• pp.846-852
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• 2006

${\kappa}$-오류 선형복잡도는 통신 시스템 및 스트림 암호 시스템 등에 사용되는 수열의 안정성 여부를 판단하는 중요한 척도이다. 본 논문은 p가 소수이고 2가 모듈로 $p^2$의 원시근일 때 $p^m$-주기 이진 수열의 k-오류 선형복잡도와 해당 오류벡터를 효과적으로 구할 수 있는 알고리듬을 소개한다. 또한 암호학적인 관점에서 정의된 ${\kappa}$-오류 선형 복잡도의 의미를 부호 이론의 관점에서 살펴봄으로써 부호어의 길이가 $p^m$인 이진 순환 부호를 효과적으로 복호할 수 있는 알고리듬을 소개하며 이러한 부호의 최소 거리에 관한 중요한 성질들을 유도한다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.511-524
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• 2023

An L(p₁, p₂, p₃, . . . , p_m)-labeling of a graph G is an assignment of non-negative integers, called as labels, to the vertices such that the vertices at distance i should have at least pi as their label difference. If p₁ = 4, p₂ = 3, p₃ = 2, p₄ = 1, then it is called a L(4, 3, 2, 1)-labeling which is widely studied in the literature. A L(4, 3, 2, 1)-path coloring of graphs, is a labeling g : V (G) → Z⁺ such that there exists at least one path P between every pair of vertices in which the labeling restricted to this path is a L(4, 3, 2, 1)-labeling. This concept was defined and results for some simple graphs were obtained by the same authors in an earlier article. In this article, we study the concept of L(4, 3, 2, 1)-path coloring for complete bipartite graphs, 2-edge connected split graph, Cartesian product and join of two graphs and prove an existence theorem for the same.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare three-dimensional kinematic changes of the lower extremity between the two different braking distances during snowplow in alpine skiing. Method: Six alpine ski instructors (age: $25.3{\pm}1.5yr$, height: $169.3{\pm}2.9cm$, weight: $66.2{\pm}5.9kg$, career: $4.2{\pm}2.9yr$) participated in this study. Each skier was asked to perform snowplow on the two different braking distances (2 and 4 m). Results: Snowplow and edging angles (p = .006 and p = .005), ankle adduction and inversion (p = .033 and p = .002), knee extension (p = .003), and hip abduction and internal rotation (p = .043 and p = .006) were significantly greater in the 2 m than in the 4 m braking distance. Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that skiers should make greater snowplow and edging angles on the shorter braking distance. In this situation, ankle joint adduction/inversion angle and hip joint internal-rotation make greater snowplow angle, and hip joint abduction make greater edging angle. In addition, greater knee joint extension angle may lead to more posteriorly positioned center of mass.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.726-729
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• 2006

As a active soundscape facility, P.A. system is a useful instrument to give place identity and vitality by letting out music, environmental music, bird singing sound etc. In this study, to know the optimistic distance and sound level range of introducing sound, sound levels due to distance were measured and subject responses were checked by questionnaire. Levels from 64dB to 71dB are recommended by subjects. And the optimistic level of introducing level is related with level variance of sound source. The results of this study could used for street furniture location design and P.A. system output level.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.585-595
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• 2007

Ahn등 (2003)의 P-행렬을 사용한 두 $c^d$-분할표의 변환자료들의 유클리드 거리제곱은 두 분할표의 셀 (cell) 상대도수벡터들 사이의 유클리드 거리 제곱에 비례함을 보이고, PP-자료의 플롯을 현대시분석과 설문자료의 탐색에 사용하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2009

Purpose: The integrity of interproximal hard/soft tissue has been widely accepted as the key determinant for success or degree of root coverage following the connective tissue graft. However, we reason that the gingival biotype of an individual, defined as the distance from the interproximal papilla to gingiva margin, may be the key determinant that influence the extent of root coverage regardless of traditional classification of gingival recession. Hence, the present study was performed with an aim to verify that individual gingival scalloping pattern inherent from biotype influence the level of gingival margin following the connective tissue graft for root coverage. Methods: Test group consisted of 43 single-rooted teeth from 21 patients (5 male and 16 female patients, mean age: 36.6 years) with varying degrees of gingival recession requiring connective tissue graft; 20 teeth of Miller class I and 23 teeth of Miller class III gingival recession, respectively. The control group consisted of contralateral teeth which did not demonstrate apparent gingival recession, and thus not requiring root coverage. For a biotype determination, an imaginary line connecting two adjacent papillae of a test tooth was drawn. The distance from this line to gingival margin at mid-buccal point and this distance (P-M distance) was designated as "gingival biotype" for a given individual. The distance was measured at baseline and 3 to 6 months examinations postoperatively both in test and control groups. The differences in the distance between Miller class I and III were subject to statistical analysis by using Student.s t-test while those between the test and control groups within a given patient were by using paired t-test. Results: The P-M distance at 3 to 6 months postoperatively was not significantly different between Miller class I and Miller class III. It was not significantly different between the test and control group in a given patient, either, both in Miller class I and III. Conclusions: The amount of root coverage following the connective tissue graft was not dependent on Miller's classification, but rather was dependent on P-M distance, strongly implying that the gingival biotype of a given patient may play a critical impact on the level of gingival margin following connective tissue graft.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

본 연구는 사고처리 지연으로 인한 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 고속도로 순찰대의 최적입지를 결정하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 우리는 최단거리를 기준으로 서비스 관할구간을 할당하는 maximum covering 문제와 사고 빈도 가중 p-center 문제를 각각 구성하고, 두 문제를 해결하기 위하여 라그랑지안 완화 알고리즘과 Daskin의 휴리스틱 알고리즘을 적용한다. 제안된 모형들의 결과는 한국 고속도로의 사고자료를 기반으로 최대사고가중거리, 평균사고가중거리, 평균처리거리 등의 사고처리 서비스 수준 지표를 이용하여 현재의 순찰대 입지와 비교된다. 비교 결과를 통해 제안된 모형들은 10km 평균 접근거리와 약 10분의 평균 접근시간을 개선할 수 있음이 확인된다. 또한 현재의 입지를 고정시키고 서비스 관할구간만을 변경할 경우에도 서비스 수준이 개선될 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제시된 모형과 결과는 고속도로 사고처리 서비스 수준을 개선하는 데에 활용될 수 있으며, 또한 다양한 유형의 긴급시설 입지 결정이나 시간대별 사고자료에 기초한 유동적 관할구역 설정 등의 이론적 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

Background: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between electromyography (EMG) activities in the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) vs vastus lateralis (VL) activity ratio and the valgus collapse knee position while stepping down. Methods: Twenty healthy women volunteered to participate in this study. We measured the frontal-plane projections of the knee valgus angle, knee valgus distance, and hip adduction angle by using a digital camcorder. After 3 repetitions of the step down (dominant side) exercise, the findings of the static and dynamic phases were analyzed. EMG activities data of the VMO:VL activity ratio were recorded during the step down exercise and were normalized to the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the quadriceps. A paired t-test was used to compare the findings of the static and dynamic phases. We analyzed the Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient between the and VMO:VL ratio. Results: Hip adduction angle, knee valgus angle, VMO activity, VL activity, VMO:VL activity ratio were statistically higher in the dynamic phase than in the static phase (p<.05). Frontal-plane projections of knee valgus angle were significantly correlated with hip adduction angle (r=.459, p<.05) and knee valgus distance (r=.505, p<.05). However, the EMG activity ratio of the VMO and the VL did not show a significant change during step down exercise with respect to hip adduction angle (p=.875), knee valgus angle (p=.618), and knee valgus distance (p=.701). Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that frontal-plane projections of knee valgus angle were associated with hip adduction angle and knee valgus distance. On the basis of these results, the knee valgus distance may be used to determine the valgus collapse knee position while stepping down.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2009

목적: 노안보정용 안경 착용이 원용굴절력 및 근용가입도 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 42~75세 사이의 안과질환이 없고 백내장 수술 또는 망막질환의 경험이 없으며 교정시력이 20/20이면서 노안보정용 안경 착용 경험이 없는 대상자를 대조군, 돋보기 착용군 및 누진다초점안경 착용군으로 세분한 후 방문 시기에 따라 원용굴절력과 근용가입도를 측정하여 비교분석하였으며 추적 관찰은 최대 73개월 동안 진행하였다. 결과: 원용굴절력은 연령에 따라 원시안으로 변하는 경향이 있었으며(r=0.486, p<0.001) 연구기간 중 대상자의 50.0%에서 플러스 굴절력이 증가하였다. 돋보기 착용군의 년 간 플러스굴절력 증가량은 대조군 및 누진다초점안경 착용군과 유의한 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05), 누진다초점안경 착용군은 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 돋보기 착용군의 연간 근용가입도 증가량도 대조군 및 누진다초점안경 착용군보다 더 많았다(p<0.05). 결론: 중노년층에서는 연령관련 원시화현상이 나타날 수 있기 때문에 정기적인 굴절검사가 반드시 필요하며, 돋보기의 착용은 연령관련원시화 및 근용가입도의 증가를 유발시킬 수 있으나, 누진다초점안경의 처방은 원용굴절력과 근용가입도의 증가를 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of digital models fabricated by dental scannable stone. Methods: Twenty same cases of stone models(maxillary full arch) were manufactured. Intercanine distance, intermolar distance, two dental arch lengths(right, left), two diagonal of dental arch lengths(right, left) were measured for comparison. Each of ten stone models were measured by digital vernier calipers and scanned by dental scanner. Ten digital models were measured by CAD program. The mean(SDs) values were compared by a Mann-Whitney U test(${\alpha}$=0.05). Results: No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found at intermolar distance, dental arch length(right)(p>0.05). However, intercanine distance, dental arch length(left) and two diagonal of dental arch lengths(right, left) were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusion: Stone models fabricated by dental scannable stone showed larger than digital models.