• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.526-537
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry and nutrition knowledge, food behaviour and lifestyle of women college students with different obesity indexes. The subjects were 251 women college students who were randomly selected from Kunsan National University. The height, body weight, soft/lean mass, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and fat distribution were measured, and health-related lifestyle habits were evaluated based on questionnaires. The subjects were assigned to one of the following groups based on their Body Mass Index (BMI) : underweight, normal weight and overweight. The results were as follows. Their body weight, soft/lean mass, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and fat distribution were significantly higher in the overweight subjects when compared to the underweight or normal weight subjects. Standard of living, self-recognition of health status and duration of exercise were significantly correlated with their BMIs. Self-satisfaction with body weight decreased as the BMI increased. Most subjects had poor habits such as skipping meals and lack of exercises. The overweight and the underweight groups skipped meals more frequently than the normal weight group. There were no significant differences in the scores on the nutritional knowledge and the dietary behaviour of the subjects with different BMIs. Therefore, proper nutritional education on regular meals and intervention are required if women college students are to have normal weights and healthy lifestyles. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) L: 526∼537, 2003)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.379-391
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the associations between eating away from home (EAFH) and overweight and obesity among Ugandan adults using the 2014 Uganda non-communicable disease risk factor survey. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In total, 3,025 participants aged 18-69 years were included in the analysis. The frequency of EAFH was assessed by asking participants the number of meals eaten per week that were not prepared at a home. EAFH frequency was categorized as; less than once/week, 1-2 times/week, or ≥ 3 times/week. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between overweight, obesity, and EAFH. We also tested whether sex and age modified these associations. RESULTS: Participants that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 2.13 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (odds ratio [OR], 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-3.54). However, when the analysis was stratified by sex, women that ate away from home ≥ 3 times/week were 42% less likely to be overweight than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.94). Men that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.89 times and 2.23 times more likely to be obese and overweight, respectively, than those that ate away from home less than once/week (obesity: OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.50-10.09; overweight: OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42-3.51). Age-stratified analysis showed that among participants aged 31-50 years, those that ate away from home ≥ 3 times a week were 3.53 times more likely to be obese than those that ate away from home less than once/week (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.69-7.37). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent EAFH was positively associated with overweight and obesity among men, and obesity among young/middle-aged adults, but negatively associated with overweight in women. Nutritional interventions for obesity reduction in Uganda should include strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of eating meals prepared away from home, and specifically target men and young/middle-aged adults.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.243-255
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a lifestyle modification (LSM) mobile application based on the Android operating system for overweight and obese breast cancer survivors (BCS) in Korea and evaluate its usability. Methods: The content analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the LSM intervention mobile application for overweight and obese BCS was conducted by identifying survivors' needs, searching the literature, and reviewing existing mobile applications. The survey was conducted from June 1 to December 28, 2020 at Jeonju, Korea. Results: The mobile application for BCS included dietary and exercise information, weight logs, as well as distress and daily achievement check. It also included information and videos on the prevention of breast cancer recurrence and used a communication bulletin board. Expert and user usability evaluation of its content and functions confirmed that it was appropriate and satisfactory for overweight and obese BCS. Conclusion: This LSM mobile application developed for overweight and obese BCS was found to be appropriate for use. It can be applied for further study of effectiveness on improving their health and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, to ultimately improve quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2014

The volume perception of water according to cup shape was examined in female college students divided into a normal weight group (<23 body mass index, n=51) and an overweight group (${\geq}$23 body mass index, n=48). The perceived water volume was recorded by participants after they observed the water volume in cups with different shape (highball and tumbler) and with different base height (high base and low base), which contained the same amount of water (150 ml). The normal weight group perceived a water volume of 238.5 ml (highball) and 201.6 ml (tumbler) for the high base cups. The overweight group perceived a volume of 245.6 ml (highball) and 188.8 ml (tumbler). For the low base cups, the normal weight group perceived a water volume of 207.8 ml (highball) and 104.1 ml (tumbler). The overweight group perceived a volume of 202.2 ml (highball) and 100.4 ml (tumbler). Both the normal weight and overweight groups perceived significantly more liquid in the highball cups compared to the tumbler cups. In addition, both groups perceived significantly more liquid in the high base cups compared to the low base cups. However, there were no significant differences in the estimated variance of perceived volume between the normal weight and overweight groups according to the cup shape and cup base height. In conclusion, cup shape and base height potentially affects volume perception. Therefore, modifying cup shape may be used in a weight control program to help control caloric beverage consumption.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.74-84
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to provide useable data for application in American and Korean apparel company. This data was developed by analyzing information of Korean and American body sizes obtained from "Size USA Project" and "Size Korea Project". The Subjects were 6,306 American females and 1,988 Korean females over 18 years old. 30 measurements and 14 computed values were chosen that were considered critical in making garments. And descriptive analysis, percentile analysis and t-test were used as statistical methods for analyzing measurements and computed value between the two countries. The results were as follows. It was determined that American women were larger and bigger than Korean women in all measurements and computed values, except for Shoulder Slope. Based on BMI values, we determined that American women had a distinct tendency towards being overweight. Through the comparison of drop values (i.e. the difference between Hip and Bust Girths or Hip and Waist Girths), ratio values (i.e. waist height divided by height) and Body Mass Index (BMI) between the two countries, we determined that American women's figures were shapelier than Korean women's. American women had higher hip heights and longer leg lengths for their height compared to Korean woman. Furthermore, the back shapes of Korean women were flatter than American women and BMI values indicated American women were relatively more overweight than Korean women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.327-337
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• 1998

A Survey was carried out to investigate relation between depressive trends, stress and attitudes of food intake in adults. In the assessing of Body Mass Index (BMI), the normal weight was 80.1%, overweight was 19.1%, obese was 0.7% in men, but normal weight was 90.3%, overweight was 9.4%, obese was 0.3% in women (p<0.001). It was represented increasing trends of obesity by the increasing of ages. Women thought their health condition was worse than men (p<0.001) 15.1% of all women tried to weight control. In changes of food intake by stress, 37.8% was increased to eat, 33.7% was reduced in women. It seems that women was significantly influenced by stress than men (p<0.01). In changes of food intake by stress in ages, 39.7% was increased of 20 years but over the 30 years was decreased or no changes of food intake (p<0.0001). All subjects wanted hot and sweet taste when stress-induced eating. 56.1% of men preferred to alcohol and beverages but 33.5% of women preferred to chocolate, cookies and breads of carbohydrate foods at the stressful conditions. But stress-induced eating dose not seems to be helpful for coping with stress in adults. In the distribution of depressive trends, the level of depression was higher in women (50.7%), whereas 34.3% in men (p<0.001). The most of 3li subjects represented attitudes of food intake below 60 scores that was needed improve and counseling of professional nutritionist. It was represented inferior to attitudes of food intake by the increasing of depressive trends and stress in women. It was higher level of overweight and obese in the below 60 scores of attitudes of food intake and higher depressive groups.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of diagnostic pattern questionnaire associated with Body Mass Index in premenopausal women. Methods We studied 41 patients visiting Gangdong Kyung Hee University Hospital from 1st April 2011 to 25th May 2011. The subjects were categorized in two groups, overweight & obesity group (n=12) and low weight & normal group (n=29). We studied the difference of diagnostic pattern questionnaire scores between two groups by Independent samples T-test and correlation between diagnostic pattern questionnaire scores of overweight & obesity group by Pearson's correlation coefficient test using SPSS for windows (version 13.0). Results Blood stasis, retention of undigested food, cold pattern scores of overweight & obesity group were non-significantly higher than low weight & normal group. Heat pattern score of overweight & obesity group was significantly higher than low weight & normal group. Cold-heat, phlegm-cold, blood stasis-cold, phlegm-blood stasis, phlegm-retention of undigested food significantly showed positive correlation coefficient in overweight & obesity group. Conclusions The results suggest that obese women tend to show heat pattern. It seems to be that multiple factors such as phlegm, blood stasis, retention of undigested food are causative of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.483-490
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• 2003

Chitosan, hydroxycitrate and L-carnitine have been known to be antiobesity components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of chitosan, hydroxycitrate and L-carnitine mixture as a potential antiobesity supplement in overweight women. Pre-menopausal healthy females who were overweight (percent ideal body weight > 110) were included in this study. Forty-nine subjects randomly received a placebo (n = 25) or antiobesity-supplement (n = 24), which was a mixture of chitosan, hydroxycitrate, and L-carnitine. Before and after the eight-week experimental period, anthropometric parameters, blood components and computerized tomography were measured. At baseline, the two groups were well matched in terms of age, body mass index and lipid profile. After the eight weeks of potential antiobesity supplementation, the subjects' body fat percent had decreased significantly (p < 0.001) by 5.6% (39.1 $\pm$ 1 vs 36.9 $\pm$ 1%) while lean body mass increased (p < 0.01). Vsceral fat area at the L4 vertebra decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by 8.6% in the supplemented group and the total fat area at the L4 vertebra showed a tendency to decrease (p = 0.051) by 2.4%. Also, in the group given the antiobesity-supplement rather than the placebo, the fasting triglyceride level decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 10.0%. In addition, serum total cholesterol levels in the antiobesity-supplement group showed a tendency to decrease (p=0.159) by 2.7% (194 $\pm$ 6 vs 189 $\pm$ 6 mg/dl). No side effects were found in either group during the intervention. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that taking a mixture of chitosan, hydroxycitrate, and L-carnitine as a potential antiobesity supplement for eight weeks produced advantageous changes in the weight and visceral fat accumulation of overweight women without any side effects. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 483~490, 2003)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.430-436
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• 1999

This study investigated the correlations among nutrient intakes, and immune status in Korean young women in relation to body mass index(BMI). Subjects were classified as underweight, normal or overweight, with anthropometric measurements of these three groups significatly different in terms of weight, body fat, waist measurement, hip measurement, waist/hip ratio(WHR), and skindfold thickness(p<0.001). Average vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, calcium and zinc levles were lower than the Korean RDA. Vitamin A levels were found to be significantly correlated with BMI(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in total T and B lymphocytes or IgG, IgG, and IgM levels with respect to BMI, but Natural Killer(NK) cell levels were found significantly increased with increased BMI(p<0.05). BMI was also positively correlated with iron intake and negatively correlated with vitamin A intake in the normal group. Based upon this study, further research on nutritional, immune and trace-mineral status of overweight and underweight young women is required for better health promotion in this female populaton.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2007

This study was done to investigate the health-related habits, dietary intakes and serum lipid levels in overweight and obese women by body mass index(BMI). Subjects were 137 pre-menopausal women aged 19 to 49 years. They were divided by 3 groups, overweight($23{\leqq}BMI<25$), obese($25{\leqq}BMI<30$) and morbidly obese($BMI{\geq}30$) according to their BMI. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) method. Dietary intakes were examined by 3-day record method and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professionals(CAN-pro 3.1). Serum lipid levels were measured using automatic biochemical analyzer(Selectra E). The average age, height weight and BMI of subjects were 31.7 years old, 159.3cm, 69.4kg, and $27.4kg/m^2$, respectively. Their average consumption of energy were 1712kca1 and 86.4% of estimated energy requirement(EER). Their mom ratio of carbohydrate:protein:fat was 55.2:14.6:30.2. Particularly, the fat consumption of subjects tended to be elevated with increasing BMI. There was no significant difference in nutrient intakes among 3 groups. But the mom intakes of Ca, Fe, vitamin C and Na of all the subjects were 70.1%, 81.2%, 75.7% of recommended intake(RI) and 258.9% of adequate intake(AI), respectively, The intakes of vegetables and seaweeds were significantly higher in morbidly obese group while the intake of fruits was higher in overweight group compared to the other groups. Serum lipid analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol among the groups. But the serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group compared to the other groups. In addition, The systolic blood pressure of morbidly obese group was significantly higher compared to the other groups. Overall data suggest that morbidly obese women have to more concern about reducing systolic blood pressure and nm lipid levels by decreasing their fat consumption and salt intakes as well as loosing body fat. In addition, all the subjects participated in this study have to be careful about their meals and health-related behaviors in order to prevent obesity-related chronic diseases.