• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2015

Both agriculture and local tourism of Kagoshima prefecture where is located on the south-western region of the Japanese mainland, are the important industries. Although cabbage (Brassica oleracea) has been cultivated in recent decades in Kagoshima, clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae had never been observed. However, the disease in cabbage was reported in four regions last couple years. Our survey showed that one region is infested severely whereas others are slightly. In the most widely infested region, the disease was also observed in turnip rape (Brassica rapa) which is grown as ornamental plants for landscape design in early spring and important tourist attraction. Consequently, both agriculture and local tourism are damaged by clubroot. The increase of clubroot incidence in this region might be caused by significant increase of cabbage production, the expansion of cropping season throughout the year and continuous turnip rape cultivation in the same fields of cabbage for almost three decades. Therefore we are trying to estimate the risk of clubroot damage cultivation throughout the year in this region. We collected five isolates of resting spores and identified them as race 3, 4 and 9 by Williams' method, and as pathotype group 3 and 4 by classification system using clubroot resistant (CR) $F_1$ cultivars of Chinese cabbage as differential hosts as described in Hatakeyama et al.(2004). Furthermore, we found that these populations were avirulent to commercial CR cabbages. These results indicate that introduction of CR cabbage and breeding of turnip rape are the effective measures to solve our problem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.79-90
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• 1994

This survey was ocnducted to investgate changes of the plant community structure from 1972 to 1993 in forest of Mt. Kwanak and thirty-five plots that the size of each plot was 10m${\times}$10m(100㎡) were set up and the vegetation analysis was caried out. By the TWINSPAN analysis, the plant community of survey area were divied into Quercus mongolica, Q. mongolica-Pinus densiflora(1), Q. mongolica-P. densiflora(2), Q. acutissima community. The successional trends of the woody species were seemed to be from P. densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia to Q. mongolica in the canopy layer. But the successional trends in the understory and shrub layer were difficult to suppose. The forest vegetation of Mt. Kwanak from 1972 to 1993 was severely decreased in species number and individuals. The sensitive species for the environmental pollution were selected, and the tolerant plants for the acid soil were increased. In comparision with the DBH class distribution from 1972 to 1993, it shows that the ecological succession has stopped. In the analysis of soil characteristics, soil acidification has taken place over last twenty-two years(from pH=5.40 to pH=4.53). The concentration of K+, Ca++ was severly decreased(from K+=0.60m.e./100g to K+=0.06m.e./100g, from Ca++=3.20m.e./100g to Ca++=0.63m.e./100g), which also could seemed to be cause of plant community decline.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2016

In most African urban areas, Particulate Matters (PM) concentration exceeds by far the WHO limits. In these areas, plants can play a key role in removing particles. In this study, we evaluated three ornamental species (Jatropha interrigima, Ficus benjamina, Barleria prionitis) used in Abidjan (Ivory Coast). Leaf-encapsulated saturation isothermal remnant magnetisation (SIRM) were measured and the relationship between PM captured and leaf wettability were done. The sampling were performed at roadsides and Parks. Firstly, Leaf-encapsulated and total leaf SIRM were quantified and the wettability was determined by drop contact angles (DCA). Secondly, the relationship between leaf SIRM and wettability was found. Results showed that leaf SIRM was two to ten times higher at roadsides than in Parks. Total leaf SIRM was also higher on mature leaves in Main roads suggesting a particle accumulation in leaves over time especially in waxy species (Ficus benjamina). This species encapsulated other than 20% of total leaf SIRM. All tested species were highly-wettable ($40^{\circ}$ < DCA < $90^{\circ}$). Thus, Jatropha interrigima with its leaf trichomes and F. benjamina with its leaf waxes were more wettable. A significantly positive correlation was found between wettability intensity and leaf SIRM.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2018

Among the various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the plant, floral scent plays a key role in attracting pollinators for reproduction and mediates ecological interactions. Floral scent is an important trait and industry drives the competition for flowers with novel scents. Chrysanthemum is one of the well-known ornamental plants and is a popular cut flower across the world. Floral scent and the genes responsible for the floral scent emission are poorly studied in chrysanthemum. In the present study, floral scent and the expression pattern of floral scent genes were analyzed in two chrysanthemum cultivars 'Golden Egg' and 'Gaya Glory'. Initially, intensity of the floral scent in five developing stages of flower including 'budding (B), bud developing (BD), initial blooming (IB), almost open (AO) and open flower (OF)' was analyzed using electronic nose (E-nose) with six metal oxide sensors. Based on the distance analysis, different stages of flower showed different relative intensity of scent according to the sensory evaluation. Although the scent pattern differed by stage, scent intensity was strongest in the OF stage in the completely opened flower in both the cultivars. Further, expression pattern of six genes in the floral scent pathway including FDS, IDI, ISPH, TPS2, TPS5 and TPS6 was observed in all the five stages of the flower in both the cultivars. The expression pattern of all the six genes differed by stage and the terpene synthase genes TPS2, TPS5 and TPS6 showed good expression levels in the $5^{th}$ flower stage compared to other stages. This study provides a preliminary data for understanding the regulation of floral scent in chrysanthemum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.34-38
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• 2002

This studies were performed to determine the effects of indoor relative humidity conditions on the growth of Arachniodes aristata and Pyrrosia lingua in native fern and investigate an applicable possibility of indoor plants. The response of Arachniodes aristata and Pyrrosia lingua was evaluated in growth chamber (KG-8407-87) to 3 relative humidity and 3 soils. Relative humidity was applied to 25%, 50%, 90%; soils were prepared based on soil mixture(SM), top field soil(TF), masa soil(MS). Results of experiments are as follows ; 1. Under a low humidity condition, such as 25%, Water contents, chlorophyll content, ornamental value of Arachniodes aristata and Pyrrosia lingua decreased much more a 50-90%. 2. The growth of Arachniodes aristata were best in pots under a soil mixture(SM) but Pyrrosia lingua were field top soil(FT) under 25%. It seemed that Pyrrosia lingua due to tolerance of desiccation more than Arachniodes aristata. Though these studies, coefficient of relative humidity and soil was plays an important role in Arachniodes aristata and Pyrrosia lingua growth in indoor environments.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2013

Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum cause yield losses in numerous economically important crops. To develop a bio-control agent, cell free extracellular compounds (ECs) of 5 bacterial strains Burkholdria sp. L1, Pseudomonas sp. L4, Pseudomonas chlororaphis VN391, Bacillus subtilis VN21 and Enterobacter sp. VN99 from Vietnamese fields, which reduced levels of R. solani root rot in lettuces and F. oxysporum root rot in tomatoes, were investigated. In a growth chamber, ECs of all antagonists markedly enhanced the biomass of lettuces (10 to 14.1%) and tomatoes (11.38 to 13.88%). In greenhouses, the disease's severity on both crops treated with ECs of the antagonists was reduced significantly and biomass losses in the plants decreased markedly. The reduction level of R. solani root rot in lettuces was 75, 66.7, 50, and 16.7% by ECs of strains L1, L4, VN21 and VN391, respectively. The biomass of lettuces increased markedly by 29.13%, 21.67%, and 23.4% by ECs of strains L1, L4 and VN21, respectively. Similarly, the reduction levels of F. oxysporum root rot in tomatoes was 76.3, 75, 41.7 and 25% by ECs of strain L1, L4, VN21 and VN391, respectively, and the biomass was significantly enhanced by 14.42, 12.7 and 13%, respectively. The ECs of strain L1 exhibited the most effective bio-control agents to suppress R. solani and F. oxysporum.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2018

The historical exchanges between the Republic of Korea and Japan have broadly occurred, in terms of both political and cultural aspects, from ancient to modern times. Regarding ancient gardening culture, in particular, Asuka developed gardens with the gardening techniques passed down by the Baekje people. The development of the basic form of a garden pond along with its characteristics, established through such exchanges, is suggested by investigating its components through analysis of data from the gardens of Baekje and Asuka. In terms of the garden pond structure, homogeneity was confirmed between Baekje and Asuka, with a linear rectangular form as the basic design. In addition, the vertical construction technique was used by both ancient kingdoms. In terms of the types of stone used in building the shore of the garden pond, Baekje used diverse types such as natural stone, crushed stone, and cut stone. In contrast, rounded river stone was used by Asuka. Regarding the floor of the garden pond, Baekje used soil, which enabled the planting of lotus flowers. In contrast, Asuka used stones to pave pond floors, which made the growth of plants impossible. In terms of layout, Baekje used ornamental stones for pond landscaping, while Asuka used manmade island and water intake facilities in their pond construction. The effects of Baekje's garden culture on Asuka's garden building can be seen from its influence on the form of the garden pond and shore construction style. In terms of the construction of the garden pond's shore with the same stones and the stone flooring, the garden ponds of the Asuka Kingdom reveal technically unified and refined aspects.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.371-374
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• 2010

The blossom midge, Contarinia maculipennis Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) originated in Southeast Asia and is present in Japan, the continental USA, and Hawaii. Recently, C. maculipennis was intercepted in Japan, USA and the Netherlands by using orchid flowers imported from Southeast Asian countries. This pest is designated as a quarantine pest in Korea because of its potential damages to vegetables and ornamental plants. In Korea, similar symptoms of damage, which mighty be caused by C. maculipennis, have been investigated in western orchids, especially on Dendrobium phalaenopsis, from Mid-2000s. Official recognition was given to C. maculipennis in 2007, followed by an investigation on the occurrences of C. maculipennis and its damages, mainly on D. phalaenopsis, in 2008~2009. We emphasize caution concerning the possibilities that C. maculipennis could infest flower buds of orchids and carry out management strategies for this pest in the future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the optimal conditions for seedling growth in Veronica rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz. which a endemic plant and can be development as ornamental plants. We sowed V. rotunda var. subintegra (Nakai) T.Yamaz. seeds, and exposed the seedling was different treatment conditions. We varied soil type and fertilizer concentration, shading ratio, additional fertilizer concentration, pretreatment light exposure and collection time of seeds. We found that seedling growth was good in horticultural substrate (with no additional fertilizer), but mixed soils supplemented with fertilizer inhibited growth, regardless of the fertilizer concentration. In the 55% shading treatment, seedling growth was greater than in the non-shading treatment. High concentration addition of fertilizer (Hyponex) promoted plant growth, in terms of both plant length and fresh weight. Exposure of seeds to a red light-source prior to germination had a greater effect on seedling growth than exposure to other light sources. Seedlings exhibited better growth when grown from seed collected in 2018, rather than 2017.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.297-311
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• 1998

Landscaping on artificial ground is currently served as a means to imposing a greenery benefit on high-density and high-rise apartment sites. It functions as a sub-hierarchy in apartment planning such as ornamental element from the past. Major parking space tends to be allocated on the basement area in response to the required parking regulation. Therefore, competitive relatioinship between the parking and greenery space I limited outdoor of apartments leads to the development planning strategy and technology of artificial ground. This study aims at evaluating landscape planning on artificial ground of apartment complex through several approaches such as site survey, plan drawing analysis, and interview with related field experts. 15 survey apartment sites including Bundang Model, Shindaebang-dong, Pyoungchon Hyundai Apartments have been selected for conducting the research. Main results of this study are summarized below : First, scattering allocation of artificial ground between apartment building units is a dominant plan layout type among the survey sites. Even though unifying allocation type has an advantage to maximize underground parking space, it has a difficulty in maintaining proper soil ground base for nurturing plants. Therefore, underground parking space should be planned by unifying allocation type placed separately from apartment units. This plan type can provide a balanced planting between soil and artificial ground on surface level. Second, It is strongly recommended to integrate the whole planting base which involves architectural structure, drainage, and water proofing above the planting design. When considering that process as a professional subject dealing with natural material such as trees and shrubs, those tasks should be directed by landscape architectural divison and landscape architect. And planting area for artificial ground has to be specified in initial phase of architectural design. This step provides an opportunity to make a proper decision on structural load, drainage, and water proof design as an integrated part of the management.