• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.505-511
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• 2020

In this study, hot water and ethanol, acetone, and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok were investigated for use as raw materials for natural cosmetics. Hot water and ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of steamed Deodeok did not indicate cell toxicity up to 300 ㎍/mL concentration in the MTT assay. The tyrosinase inhibition effects of the ethanol extract were higher than the ascorbic acid. The efficacy of the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract on the elastase inhibition was similar to that of quercetin at higher concentrations. In conclusion, water, ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok indicated strong possibility as a whitening and anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic ingredient. Among them, the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract, which showed excellent activity, is highly available because it has high safety compared to other organic solvent extraction methods used in cosmetics, and has minimal irritation to the skin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.396-399
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• 1996

High-performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detecction was developed for the determination of theophylline and its metabolites in human urine using ${beta}$-hydroxyethyl theophylline$({beta} -HET)$ as an internal standard. For extraction of urine sample, quality control sample and xanthine-free blank urine were mixed with decylamine (ion-paring reagent) and ${beta}$-HET. After saturation with ammonium sulfate, the mixture was then extracted with organic solvent at pH values of 4.0-4.5. All separations were performed with ion-pair chromatography using decylamine as an ion-pairing reagent and 3mM sodium acetate buffered mobile phase (pH 4.0) containing 1% (v/v) acetonitrile and 0.75 mM decylamine. The detection limits of theophylline, 1, 3-DMU, 1-MU, 3-MX and 1-MX in human urine were 0.17, 0.17, 0.39, 0.19 and 0.19 ${\mu}g$/ml, based on a signal-to-noise ratios of 3.0. The mean intraday coefficients of variation (C.V.s) of each compound on nine replicates were lower than 2.0%, while mean interday C.V.s on three days were lower than 1.6%. All separations were finished within 40miutes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 1995

The extractions of aqueous Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions into ethylacetate or dichloromethane were conducted by using 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 ethers as ligand. Benzoate ion was selected as counter anion for the complexes formed between the lanthanide ions and crown ethers. Fluorescence spectra of the lanthanide ions induced by the energy transfer from benzoate anion to the cations were also measured. The quantitative analysis of the lanthanide ions extracted into organic phase were made on the basis of the results of fluorescence. The measured extractivity is interpreted in terms of the ion-dipole interaction.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.487-496
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• 2021

Microalgae is one of the promising biodiesel feedstock with high growth rates compared to those of terrestrial oil crops. Despite its numerous advantages, biodiesel production from microalgae needs to reduce energy demand and material costs further to go to commercialization. During solvent extraction of microalgal lipids, lipid-extracted algae (LEA) cell residue is generated as an organic solid waste, about 80-85% of original algal biomass, and requires an appropriate recycling or economic disposal. The resulting LEA still contains significant amount of carbohydrates, proteins, N, P, and other micronutrients. This review will focus on recent advancement in the utilization of LEA as: (i) utilization as nutrients or carbon sources for microalgae and other organisms, (ii) anaerobic digestion to produce biogas or co-fermentation to produce CH₄ and H₂, and (iii) conversion to other forms of biofuel through thermochemical degradation processes. Possible mutual benefits in the integration of microalgae cultivation-biodiesel production-resulting LEA with anaerobic digestion and thermochemical conversion are also discussed.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-27
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• 2021

As an example of research activities in decontamination for decommissioning, new data are presented on the options for corrosion layer dissolution during the decommissioning decontamination, or persulfate regeneration for decontamination solutions re-use. For the management of spent decontamination solutions, new method based on solvent extraction of radionuclides into ionic liquid followed by electrodeposition of the radionuclides has been developed. Fields of applications of composite inorganic-organic absorbers or solid extractants with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) binding matrix for the treatment of liquid radioactive waste are reviewed; a method for americium separation from the boric acid containing NPP evaporator concentrates based on the TODGA-PAN material is discussed in more detail. Performance of a model of radionuclide transport, developed and implemented within the GoldSim programming environment, for the safety studies of the LLW/ILW repository is demonstrated on the specific case of the Richard repository (Czech Republic). Continuation and even broadening of these activities are expected in connection with the approaching end of the lifespan of the first blocks of the Czech NPPs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.76-81
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• 1990

For the determination of principal taste components in L. chinensis M., A. acutiloba K., S. chinensis B. and A. sessiliflorum S., which were extracted with water and ethanol, contents and composition of free sugars, free amino acids, non-volatile organic acids and tannins were analyzed. The extraction yield of them was high when using the water as an extraction solvent, the optimal ethanol concentration with high yield was in the range of 50-75%. The contents of free amino acids in their extract $(25^{\circ}Bx)$ was high when using the ethanol as the extraction solvent. The amino acid content was in the range of 123-159 mg%. in samples. The free sugar of extracts contained 2-12% in samples which were consisted of glucose, fructose and sucrose. The pH and acidity range of extracts were 4.4-5.1 and 1.01-2.27% respectively, and especially extracts of S. chinensis B. showed to be strong acid as pH 2.9 and addity 11.93%. The composition of non-volatile organic acid in extracts of S. chinensis B. contained citric acid and malic acid 3.90% and 3.92% respectively as major components. The tannin content of extracts was considerably high when extracting with 50% ethanol, especially A. sessiliflorm S. contained $3.35%{\sim}3.85%$.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2003

To understand the chemical structure of sewer sludge in comparison with commercial compost and charcoal used as a soil improver, it was carried out to analyse their ash contents and metal ions, and to elucidate the chemical structure of their residuals after a sequential treatment of alcohol-benzene(1:2) extraction in Soxhlet, 3% HCl reflux and 79% H₂SO₄ hydrolysis, using CHNS analyzer and solid C-13 NMR spectrometer. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Ash content of sludge was about 46% that is higher than those of compost (17%) and charcoal (4%). 2. The residual of sludge after a sequential treatment of HCl and H₂SO₄ hydrolyses had high ash content about 23%, too. 3. The sludge seems to be suitable to the soil improver because the content of heavy metal ions in sludge was near the compost and below the organic fertilizer standard. 4. Elemental composition of sludge residual after HCl-H₂SO₄ hydrolyes was C/sub 56/H/sub 91/O/sub 12/N₂S = (C/sub 6/H/sub 10/O/sub 5/)/sub 7/(C/sub 6/H₄)/sub 7/C₂H/sub 43/O₂N₂S, similar to C/sub 103/H/sub 122/O/sub 33/N/sub 6/S = (C/sub 6/H/sub 10/O/sub 5/)/sub 6/(C/sub 6/H₄)/sub 10/C/sub 7/H/sub 22/O₃N/sub 6/S of compost. 5. The sludge residual had proved to have both considerable aliphatic and aromatic groups, but the compost residual to have mainly aliphatic groups and the charcoal to have mainly aromatic groups, through the peak analysis of solid C-13 NMR charts. 6. So, the sewer sludge is proved to have a considerable amount of aromaticity like in woody biomass containing lignin.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.306-314
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• 2003

Volatile flavor components, produced during the young (P-1), immature (P-2), mature (P-3) and old (P-4) growth stages, of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes), were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE), using a mixture of n-pentane and diethyl ether (1:1, v/v) as the extraction solvent. Analyses of the concentrates, by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), led to the identification of 129, 129, 111 and 120 components in the P-1, 2, 3 and 4 stages, respectively. The major volatile compounds were l-octen-3-o1, 3-octanol, 3-octanone and 4-octen-3-one. Ethanol and ethyl acetate were also detected in large amounts. The characteristic volatile compounds found in shiitake mushrooms, such as dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide and 1, 2, 4-thiolane, were at low concentrations in all samples. The amount of l-octen-3-o1 decreased as growth progressed, but concentrations of 3-octanone increased. The amount of 4-octen-3-ol decreased from P-1 to P-3, but was at a high concentrations in P-4. The concentration of 3-octanol gradually increased and reached its highest concentration in P-3, but decreased in P-4. The C8-compounds comprised 70.91, 64.09, 64.29 and 60.01 % in the P-1, 2, 3 and 4 stages, respectively, so decreased gradually with growth. The S-compounds were found in the highest concentrations in P-3.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

The antioxidant activities of the extracts of butterbur (Petasites japonicus) derived from different extraction methods were investigated. SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activity differed according to the extraction solvents, showing a greater antioxidant effect with ethanol solvent than that of water. Ethanol extracts of butterbur leaves showed higher SOD-like activity of 96.7% than those of water extracts. The contents of polyphenolic compounds were higher in water extracts than those in ethanol extracts. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds was 223mg/g dry weight for butterbur leaves. EDA of butterbur roots was 61.5% in the water extract and EDA in butterbur leaves was 34.9% in the ethanol extract. The anticancer effects with the extracts of butterbur were experimented by fractionations with different solvents. 41.9% of the growth of stomach cancer cells, SNU-719, were inhibited and also 72.7% of the growth of liver cancer cells, Hep3B, were inhibited by the butanol fractions of butterbur, while not affecting the growth of normal cell, DC 2.4.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2004

Rapid and simple method was developed for simultaneous determination of vitamins A and E contents in infant formula. Vitamins A and E were extracted by PDA-HPLC with reversed phase column using organic solvent, and their contents in Certified Reference Material (CRM) and infant formula were determined and compared with results of Food Standards Codex and AOAC method for evaluation of developed method, Vitamins A and E contents in CRM determined by developed method were within certified range of standard values. Developed method has great advantages of simple and rapid sample preparation and simultaneous determination of vitamins A and E by PDA-HPLC using reversed phase column.