• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2015

The valuation of patents is very important, since technology competitiveness is crucial for firms to maintain global competitiveness. But, the patent valuation is difficult and challenging because of the uncertainty affecting their returns. Hence, we propose a patent valuation method by incorporating game theory into the real option model, which can not only potentially recognizes the effect of uncertainty on patent value, but also consider investment decision in a competitive market, as a game between firms. With the model, we can consider dynamic strategy involving an option of patent leveraging strategies enabling the firm to switch among compete, cooperate, or wait modes under different demand or competitive advantage condition.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 2001년도 제19회 하계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.117-130
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• 2001

R&D is the core competence of an enterprise. Furthermore, R&D requires huge capital investment and has very risky characteristics. Therefore, to be successful in R&D process, several approaches of engineering economics are used prior to decision-making. Until now, typical approaches of engineering economics such as NPV(net present value) or DCF(Discounted cash flow) have been used. But, they cannot properly capture managerial flexibility to adapt and revise later decisions in response to unexpected market development. In a constantly changing and always uncertain marketplace, managerial operation flexibility and strategic adaptability have become vital in order to successfully capitalize on favorable future investment opportunities and limit losses from adverse market development. For the alternatives of conventional static decision-making approaches, new concept of using real options is introduced. Real option theory is based on financial option's characteristics and checks every revision interval whether situation have changed favorable to decision maker or not. In advantageous situation, the decision maker has only to go on. In contrast, with unfavorable situation, he abandons the investment immediately. In this aspect, real option model is more suitable in very uncertain and dynamic business environment in that it can provide the opportunity to cope with flexibility. This paper suggests efficient and effective R&D investment strategy by using real options model. In addition, this paper compares financial options and real options.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2013

This work is for listing, patent, reasonable valuation of environmental-friendly agricultural company. In this study, agricultural company in environmental friendly industry that consider nature, customer's wellbeing and safe would be evaluated by DCF (Discounted Cash Flow) and ROV (Real Option Value). And company in environmental-friendly industry would be checked whether it is to be related and concerned to listing in the stock market and patent acquisition with the basis of company valuation. After then agricultural company value is evaluated with the consideration of growth in environmental-friendly industry, and company valuation comparison would followed about intellectual property right. It can be assumed that value of environmental-friendly agricultural company has low relation and concern to listing of stock market, and valuation would be increased through the intellectual property right such as patent, development or core search ability.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.211-233
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• 2004

본 연구는 기초자산의 수익률이 정규분포가 아닌 급첨분포(leptokurtic distribution)를 따른다고 가정할 경우 옵션의 가격식을 도출한다. 두 정규분포의 확률밀도함수의 선형 결합으로 첨도가 3이 아닌 급첨분포의 확률밀도함수를 모델링하고 이를 이용하여 Black- Scholes 공식의 확장된 형태인 옵션 가격 공식을 유도한다. 본 논문에서 제시한 급첨분포에 의한 옵션가격모형은 변동성 스마일 성질을 설명할 뿐만 아니라 기존의 실증연구에서 제기된 Black-Scholes 옵션가격의 과대 및 과소평가 현상을 설명한다. 마지막으로 본 가격식의 모델적합성을 검증하기 위하여 KOSOI 200 지수옵션의 시장가격으로부터 내재변동성과 내재첨도를 추정한다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.753-773
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• 2005

시장점유율을 고려한 OPEC와 비OPEC의 게임을 고려한 원유공급 투자모형을 분석한다. 국제유가의 불확실성을 반영하기 위하여 확률투자모형인 실물옵션 모형을 이용한다. 원유공급시설의 확장 및 감축을 위한 조정은 국제유가로 표시되는 분기점으로 나타난다. 국제유가가 확장(감축)분기점을 초과(하회)하면 OPEC는 공급시설을 확장(감축)한다. 최근 국제유가를 활용한 시뮬레이션 분석 결과, 확장분기점은 배스켓 가격 기준으로 높게는 56.93달러/배럴, 낮게는 48.44달러/배럴인 것으로 나타났으며, 감축분기점은 36.52달러/배럴과 36.93달러/배럴 사이에 머무는 것으로 나타났다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.323-338
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• 2010

In this paper, we introduce the implied volatility from Black-Scholes model and suggest a model for constructing implied volatility surfaces by using the two-dimensional cubic (bi-cubic) spline. In order to utilize a spline method, we acquire grid (knot) points. To this end, we first extract implied volatility curves weighted by trading contracts from market option data and calculate grid points from the extracted curves. At this time, we consider several conditions to avoid arbitrage opportunity. Then, we establish an implied volatility surface, making use of the two-dimensional cubic spline method with previously estimated grid points. The method is shown to satisfy several properties of the implied volatility surface (smile, skew, and flattening) as well as avoid the arbitrage opportunity caused by simple match with market data. To show the merits of our proposed method, we conduct simulations on market data of S&P500 index European options with reasonable and acceptable results.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

최근 스타트업과 벤처기업의 임직원이 기업 상장 후 적법한 절차에 따라 스톡옵션 행사를 하였지만, 상장 후 일시 매도로 주식시장의 주가에 악영향을 미치며 일반투자자 피해가 발생하는 등 도덕적 해이 논란이 촉발되었다. 이에 정부 당국은 스톡옵션 즉 주식매수선택권 제도에 대해 의무 보호 대상에 포함시키는 규제를 진행함에 따라 더 이상 스톡옵션이 스타트업과 벤처기업의 우수 인력확보 수단이 되기 어렵다는 논란이 제기되고 있다. 본 논문은 우수한 인력확보가 절실한 초기스타트업들에게 양도제한조건부주식(Restricted Stock Unit, 이하 RSU)제도 도입방안을 제시함으로써 주식매수선택권 제도(Stock Option, 이하 스톡옵션)의 문제점을 극복하는 돌파구를 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해, 본 논문에서는 첫째, RSU의 국내 도입현황과 이의 개념을 제한조건부주식(Restricted Stock, 이하 RS)과 비교논의를 통해 제시하였다. 또한 RSU와 기존 스톡옵션제도의 특징을 비교설명하였다. 둘째, 탐색적 연구를 통해 RSU의 단점과 한계점을 설명하고 그 한계점을 극복하며 국내 스타트업과 벤처기업들이 이를 효과적으로 도입하는 방안을 제시하였다. 셋째 국내 관련 정책입안 과정에 참여하고 있는 법률전문가들을 대상으로 FGI를 실시하여 RSU 도입이 기존 스톡옵션제도의 문제점을 보완하며 스타트업 벤처 금융제도의 대안으로 안착할수 있는 방안에 대한 실증연구를 실시하였다. 넷째, 탐색적 연구와 실증연구를 토대로 스타트업 벤처금융 대안으로 RSU 도입 및 뿌리내림 위한 정책 방안들을 제안하였다. 이를 통해, 본 논문은 RSU가 기본 스톡옵션제도에 주어지는 도덕적 해이 논란을 벗어나, 스타트업의 새로운 주식연계형 보상 대안 역할을 할 수 있도록 하는 정책수립을 위한 이론적 기반을 제공하였다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

Among a variety of asset dynamics models in order to explain the common properties of financial underlying assets, parametric models are meaningful when their parameters are set reliably. There are two main methods from which we can obtain them. They are to use time-series data of an underlying price or the market option prices of the underlying at one time. Based on the Girsanov theorem, in the pure diffusion models, the parameters calibrated from the option prices should be partially equivalent to those from time-series underling prices. We call this phenomenon model consistency. In this paper, we verify that the two-state regime switching Black-Scholes model is superior in the sense of model consistency, comparing with two popular conventional models, the Black-Scholes model and Heston model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2014

This paper presents accurate and efficient numerical methods for calculating the sensitivities of two-asset European options, the Greeks. The Greeks are important financial instruments in management of economic value at risk due to changing market conditions. The option pricing model is based on the Black-Scholes partial differential equation. The model is discretized by using a finite difference method and resulting discrete equations are solved by means of an operator splitting method. For Delta, Gamma, and Theta, we investigate the effect of high-order discretizations. For Rho and Vega, we develop an accurate and robust automatic algorithm for finding an optimal value. A cash-or-nothing option is taken to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm for calculating the Greeks. The results show that the new treatment gives automatic and robust calculations for the Greeks.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제12권1_2호
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• pp.335-349
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• 2003

Almost all business are affected by the weather so that weather derivatives has been traded to hedge weather risk. Since the weather itself is not an asset with a market price, some analysts believe that the Black-Scholes equation could not be used appropriately to price weather derivative options. But some weather derivatives can be considered as an Asian option, we revisit the Black-scholes model. Numerical solution of the Black-Scholes equation has a significant error at the money option or around the money option, it is necessary to adopt adaptive mesh near to the strike value. Here we propose a numerical method with an adaptive grid refinement.