• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.946-954
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• 2022

More than half of barges have been surveyed and designated as an "unmanned barge". The main advantage of the unmanned barge is that it can carry more cargo equivalent to 25 percent of freeboard compared to that of a manned barge. In contrast, it needs an onboard crew barge because the bargeman is in charge of several tasks during sailing such as mooring or unmooring barges to or from a wharf, dropping and heaving up an anchor and turning on and of navigational lights and shapes. The instant recognition is that a tug assume the responsibility of operating a barge; however, different situations exist in which the shipper, as the operator of the barge, hires a tug. Although a tug might be a carrier of a barge under a specific contract, the master of the tug should fulfill his duty to complete its voyage. Most masters are not provided with the particulars of a barge and the information regarding the bargemen onboard, which is believed not to respect the master's authority and lead to an unintended violation of relevant laws. This paper presents three recommendations for resolving these issues: the policy approach for changing unmanned barges to manned barges, issuing a minimum safe manning certificate, and providing the master of tug information on the barge and the crew onboard. Thus, the proposed approach can be expected to improve the crew's working conditions, diminish the violation of the maximum number of persons onboard the barge, and ensure the authority of the master of tug through such recommendations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.167-180
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to present a framework of the MyData business ecosystem that shows a different pattern from the previous one by the MyData concept and to define the characteristics of actors participating in the ecosystem. Because MyData is an individual exercising sovereignty over his or her data, there is a characteristic that the individual participates as a key actor in the business. In other words, MyData Operators participate in the MyData business ecosystem to help individuals who own MyData, MyData creating business and MyData using business, among them, manage their own data. Therefore, this study conducts a case study of domestic and foreign MyData businesses to revitalize the domestic MyData industry. In particular, the business model of 45 cases of overseas MyData operators was analyzed and classified into 7 types of 4 groups. And through this, the importance of the role of MyData Operator in the MyData industry ecosystem is confirmed and a developmental ecosystem model is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1031-1037
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• 2021

The frequency of marine accidents of vessels in Korea is steadily increasing and it is concentrated on small vessels with less than 10 tons of gross tonnage. Therefore, preventing capsizing accidents in small vessels is important to reduce the cost in terms of human and property damage due to such accidents. However, research on the seakeeping performance of small vessels has been insufficient, and there are no domestic and international regulations on seakeeping performance. Therefore, in this study, capsizing accidents caused by poor loading conditions were investigated by examining the adjudications of the small vessels in which the capsizing accidents occurred. Hydrostatic calculations and seakeeping performance analysis were performed for a representative vessel. A vessel generally performs a six-degree-of-freedom motion during operation. In this study, the response amplitude operator and response spectrum of a representative vessel were calculated to determine the roll motion. Moreover, a short-term statistical analysis of the vessel according to the loading conditions was performed for the wave stationary status for 3 h. From the results, it was estimated that, when the loading condition of a small vessel is poor, its roll motion increases, greatly reducing its stability.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 2022

Due to the so-called COVID-19 pandemic, railway service management has also faced an unprecedented situation over the past. This study conducted a survey of customers using high-speed railways during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the impact of infectious diseases on the railway service customer experience. As a result, customer satisfaction and loyalty increase as customers are more aware of the quarantine-related services provided by railway operators. The moderating role of customer's COVID-19 risk perception was examined as well because there are individual differences in the level of thinking dangerously about Covid-19. As a result, the perceived level of the service's quarantine-related services has a significant impact on customer satisfaction when the customer's risk perception of Covid-19 is at an appropriate level, but its impact is relatively weak when the customer's risk perception is significantly high. Eventually, only the complete extinction of COVID-19 risk will bring a complete recovery to the service industry. Nevertheless, during the epidemic period, it was confirmed that the main service characteristics are that the service operator thoroughly conducts quarantine activities and faithfully communicates with customers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2022

The color image of the brand comes first and is an important visual element that leads consumers to the consumption of the product. To express more effectively what the brand wants to convey through design, the printing market is striving to print accurate colors that match the intention. In 'offset printing' mainly used in printing, colors are often printed in CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key) colors. However, it is possible to print more accurate colors by making ink of the desired color instead of dotting CMYK colors. The resulting ink is called 'spot color' ink. Spot color ink is manufactured by repeating the process of mixing the existing inks. In this repetition of trial and error, the manufacturing cost of ink increases, resulting in economic loss, and environmental pollution is caused by wasted inks. In this study, a deep learning algorithm to predict printed spot colors was designed to solve this problem. The algorithm uses a single DNN (Deep Neural Network) model to predict printed spot colors based on the information of the paper and the proportions of inks to mix. More than 8,000 spot color ink data were used for learning, and all color was quantified by dividing the visible light wavelength range into 31 sections and the reflectance for each section. The proposed algorithm predicted more than 80% of spot color inks as very similar colors. The average value of the calculated difference between the actual color and the predicted color through 'Delta E' provided by CIE is 5.29. It is known that when Delta E is less than 10, it is difficult to distinguish the difference in printed color with the naked eye. The algorithm of this study has a more accurate prediction ability than previous studies, and it can be added flexibly even when new inks are added. This can be usefully used in real industrial sites, and it will reduce the attempts of the operator by checking the color of ink in a virtual environment. This will reduce the manufacturing cost of spot color inks and lead to improved working conditions for workers. In addition, it is expected to contribute to solving the environmental pollution problem by reducing unnecessarily wasted ink.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.18-29
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• 2022

Recently, cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) testbeds have been deployed in great numbers, and advanced autonomous driving research using V2X communication technology has been conducted actively worldwide. In particular, the broadcasting services in their beginning days, giving warning messages, basic safety messages, traffic information, etc., gradually developed into advanced network services, such as platooning, remote driving, and sensor sharing, that need to perform real-time. In addition, technologies improving these advanced network services' throughput and latency are being developed on many fronts to support these services. Notably, this research analyzed the network latency requirements of the advanced network services to develop a remote driving service for the droid type low-speed robot based on the 3GPP C-V2X communication technology. Subsequently, this remote driving service's performance was evaluated using system modeling (that included the operator behavior) and simulation. This evaluation showed that a respective core and access network latency of less than 30 ms was required to meet more than 90 % of the remote driving service's performance requirements under the given test conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.512-519
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• 2023

Noise pollution poses significant challenges to human well-being and marine ecosystems. It is primarily caused by the flow around ships and marine installations, emphasizing the need for accurate noise evaluation of flow noise to ensure environmental safety. Existing flow noise analysis methods for underwater environments typically use a hybrid method combining computational fluid dynamics and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic analogy. However, this approach has limitations, neglecting near-field effects such as reflection, scattering, and diffraction of sound waves. In this study, an alternative using direct method flow noise analysis via the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is incorporated. The LBM provides a more accurate representation of the underwater structural boundaries and acoustic wave effects. Despite challenges in underwater environments due to numerical instabilities, a novel DM-TS LBM collision operator has been developed for stable implementations for hydroacoustic applications. This expands the LBM's applicability to underwater structures. Validation through flow noise analysis in pipe orifice demonstrates the feasibility of near-field analysis, with experimental comparisons confirming the method's reliability in identifying main pressure peaks from flow noise. This supports the viability of near-field flow noise analysis using the LBM.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

This study conducted in-depth interviews with employees who worked at three different travel agencies in Seoul and had different employment years. In order to resolve emotional labor, we investigated and analyzed the positive effects of forest healing programs and tried to help both travel agents and forest healing operators. According to the analysis, the person who was selected for the H travel agency was interviewed at the forest healing experience center in Gapyeong in April 2018 and her job as an operator for the fifth year since she joined the company. He said that he suffered from depression due to emotional labor in the customer service process and that it has a positive effect through forest healing. Next, M travel agents conducted an interview in May 2018 at the forest experience center in Uiwang, and their job as a woman was product planning. In the case of emotional labor and physical illness in the work with customers, participants were interested in forest stability, people's humanity, and wooden crafts in particular. Lastly, participants of R travel agency conducted an interview at the forest experience center in Seoul in June 2018 and it was their 10th year as a man and their job as a tour contact. In order to solve the difficulties, I experienced forest experience in close geographical areas and received great help.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 2023

Objective : Cubital tunnel syndrome, the most common ulnar nerve entrapment neuropathy, is usually managed by simple decompression or anterior transposition. One of the concerns in transposition is damage to the nerve branches around the elbow. In this study, the location of ulnar nerve branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was assessed during operations for cubital tunnel syndrome to provide information to reduce operation-related complications. Methods : A personal series (HJY) of cases operated for cubital tunnel syndrome was reviewed. Cases managed by transposition and location of branches to the FCU were selected for analysis. The function of the branches was confirmed by intraoperative nerve stimulation and the location of the branches was assessed by the distance from the center of medial epicondyle. Results : There was a total of 61 cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, among which 31 were treated by transposition. Twenty-one cases with information on the location of branches were analyzed. The average number of ulnar nerve branches around the elbow was 1.8 (0 to 3), only one case showed no branches. Most of the cases had one branch to the medial head, and one other to the lateral head of the FCU. There were two cases having branches without FCU responses (one branch in one case, three branches in another). The location of the branches to the medial head was 16.3±8.6 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (16 branches; range, 0 to 35 mm), to the lateral head was 19.5±9.5 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (19 branches; range, -5 to 30 mm). Branches without FCU responses were found from 20 mm proximal to the medial condyle to 15 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (five branches). Most of the branches to the medial head were 15 to 20 mm (50% of cases), and most to the lateral head were 15 to 25 mm (58% of cases). There were no cases of discernable weakness of the FCU after operation. Conclusion : In most cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, there are ulnar nerve branches around the elbow. Although there might be some cases with branches without FCU responses, most branches are to the FCU, and are to be saved. The operator should be watchful for branches about 15 to 25 mm distal to the medial epicondyle, where most branches come out.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.641-656
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• 2022

This article investigates how Baedal Minjok(BaeMin) has grown to be a dominant mobility platform operator in food delivery sector in South Korea and what roles its brand and branding have played in the process, drawing on the idea of origination. For the purpose, BaeMin is considered as a typical platformized mobility service provider and origination is framed to be an appropriate analytical lens for the business sector. For the origination conception, unlike mainstream neoclassical theory and concepts, is able to deal fairly well with the issues of imperfect competition, imperfect information, and monopolistic brand rent, which are apparent in today's platformized mobility services. Drawing evidence from textual data, empirical analysis pays particular attention to discursive and symbolic dimensions of BaeMin's socio-spatial biography. It is found that national origination underpinning ethnicity comprises an important pillar of BaeMin's brand and branding. Another form of place-based origination is also observed to matter, especially in the varied relation between the mobility service brand's owner and consumers. However, this configuration of BaeMin's brand origination has yet to be fully stabilized, as it has faced with serious challenges including brand vandalism and anti-brand movement especially since its merger to German food delivery platform giant Delivery Hero in 2020. This origination crisis moment appears to be associated with a series of contractions intrinsic to so-called 'platform capitalism'.