• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.583-586
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• 1999

In this paper, the wavelet transform is performed in the input 256$\times$256 color image and decomposes a image into low-pass and high-pass components. Since the high-pass band contains the components of three directions, edges are detected by combining three parts. After finding the position of face using the histogram of the edge component, a face region in low-pass band is cut off. Since RGB color image is sensitively affected by luminances, the image of low pass component is normalized, and a facial region is detected using face color informations. As the wavelet transform decomposes the detected face region into three layer, the dimension of input image is reduced. In this paper, we use the 3000 images of 10 persons, and KL transform is applied in order to classify face vectors effectively. FCM(Fuzzy C-Means) algorithm classifies face vectors with similar features into the same cluster. In this case, the number of cluster is equal to that of person, and the mean vector of each cluster is used as a codebook. We verify the system performance of the proposed algorithm by the experiments. The recognition rates of learning images and testing image is computed using correlation coefficient and Euclidean distance.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.394-406
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• 2004

A split-plot designed experiment including four rice varieties and 10 nitrogen levels was conducted in 2003 at the Experimental Farm of Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea. Before heading, hyperspectral canopy reflectance (300-1100nm with 1.55nm step) and nine crop variables such as shoot fresh weight (SFW), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf N concentration, shoot N concentration, leaf N density, shoot N density and N nutrition index were measured at 54 and 72 days after transplanting. Grain yield, total number of spikelets, number of filled spikelets and 1000-grain weight were measured at harvest. 14,635 narrow-band NDVIs as combinations of reflectances at wavelength ${\lambda}l\;and\;{\lambda}2$ were correlated to the nine crop variables. One NDVI with the highest correlation coefficient with a given crop variable was selected as the NDVI of the best fit for this crop variable. As expected, models to predict crop variables before heading using the NDVI of the best fit had higher $r^2$ (>10\%)$ than those using common broad- band NDVI red or NDVI green. The models with the narrow-band NDVI of the best fit overcame broad- band NDVI saturation at high LAI values as frequently reported. Models using NDVIs of the best fit at booting showed higher predictive capacity for yield and yield component than models using crop variables.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.779-789
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• 1999

To support daily ground-level $O_3$ forecasting in Seoul, a transfer function model(TFM) has been developed by using surface meteorological data and pollutant data(previous-day [$O_3$] and [$NO_2$]) from 1 May to 31 August in 1997. The forecast performance of the TFM was evaluated by statistical comparison with $O_3$ concentration observed during September it is shown that correlation coefficient(R), root mean squared error(RMSE), normalized mean squared error(NMSE) and mean relative error(MRE) were 0.73, 15.64, 0.006 and 0.101, respectively. The TFM appeared to have some difficulty forecasting very high $O_3$ concentrations. To compare with this model, multiple regression model(MRM) was developed for the same period. According to statistical comparison between the TFM and MRM. two models had similar predictive capability but TFM based on $O_3$ concentration higher than 60 ppb provided more accurate forecast than MRM. It was concluded that statistical model based on TFM can be useful for improving the accuracy of local $O_3$ forecast.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2009

A visual stress may provoke migraine, cephalalgia, intervene a long term reading and learning capability and reduce the productivity of a laborer who uses computer for a good while. In this study, a web based screening tool for visual stress was developed, it applied to 72 visually normal young persons in parallel with traditional questionnaire about symptoms of visual stress. To estimate visual stress, It is proposed to measure difference of visual search time of Han Gul characters as targets between visual stressful pattern and non-visual stressful pattern as global background of characters. As a result of test, 5 subjects were screened whose mean visual search time in the stressful pattern with 6 CPD spatial frequency increase significantly more than in none stressful pattern(t-test, one-tailed, p=$1.0407\times10^{-11}$). 2 of them were diagnosed as mild visual stress syndrome in the clinic. None had visual distortion and 50% of subjects had visual discomfort in results of the questionnaire. Correlation between visual search time increase rate and normalized number of visual discomfort may be slight(C. coefficient=0.1355). This study may contribute as a basic research for screening person with migraine, visual reading disabilities and VDT syndrome. It is required to apply the test to visual reading disabilities, migraine with visual distortion and/or visual discomfort as well as normal person for higher reliability of the screening tool.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2011

디지털 방송 영상 정보에 디지털 신호를 삽입하여 저작권을 주장하는 방안으로 워터마킹 알고리즘을 들수 있다. 본 논문에서는 DCT 계수들의 기울기를 적용하여 개선된 워터마킹 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 본 알고리즘은 MPEG-2 TM5 시스템을 대상으로 하였고, 워터마킹 과정은 I 프레임의 명암성분의 양자화 DCT 영역에서 수행되었다. 압축 과정 중에 수행되며 워터마크는 I 프레임의 명암성분에 삽입된다. 워터마킹 과정을 수행한 압축된 영상과 원 영상의 사이의 평균 PSNR의 차가 단지 0.23dB의 낮은 값이 측정되었다. 추출된 워터마크와 원 워터마크의 정규화 상관도가 0.99 이상의 높은 값이 측정되었다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.76-88
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• 1997

Constant .DELTA.K fatigue crack growth rate experiments were performed by applying an intermediate single and multiple overload for structural steel, SM45C. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of multiple overloads at various stress intensity factor ranges and the effect of statistical variability of crack retardation behavior. The normalized delayed load cycle, delayed crack length and the minimum crack growth rate are increased with increasing baseline stress intensity factor range when the overload ratio and the number of overload application were constant. The crack retardation under low baseline stress intensity factor range increases by increasing the number of overload application, but the minimum crack growth rate decreases by increasing the number of overload application. A strong linear correlation exists between the minimum crack growth rate and the number of overload applications. And, it was observed that the variability in the crack growth retardation behavior are presented, the probability distribution functions of delayed load cycle, delayed crack length and crack growth life are 2-parameter Weibull. The coefficient of variation of delayed load cycle and delayed crack length for the number of 10 overload applications data are 14.8 and 9.2%, respectively.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.44.1-44.1
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• 2019

We generate new intermediate images between observed consecutive solar images using NVIDIA's SuperSloMo that is a novel video interpolation method. This technique creates intermediate frames between two successive frames to form a coherent video sequence for both spatially and temporally. By using SuperSloMo, we create 600 images (12-second interval) using the observed 121 SDO/AIA 304 Å images (1-minute interval) of a filament eruption event on December 3, 2012. We compare the generated images with the original 12-second images. For the generated 480 images the correlation coefficient (CC), the relative error (R1), and the normalized mean square error (R2) are 0.99, 0.40, and 0.86, respectively. We construct a video made of the generated images and find a smoother erupting movement. In addition, we generate nonexistent 2.4-second interval images using the original 12-second interval images, showing slow motions in the eruption. We will discuss possible applications of this method.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.28-28
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• 2022

본 연구는 용담댐유역을 포함한 금강 유역 상류 지역을 대상으로 Sentinel-1 SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) 위성영상을 기반으로 한 토양수분 산정을 목적으로 하였다. Sentinel-1 영상은 2019년에 대해 12일 간격으로 수집하였고, 영상의 전처리는 SNAP (SentiNel Application Platform)을 활용하여 기하 보정, 방사 보정 및 Speckle 보정을 수행하여 VH (Vertical transmit-Horizontal receive) 및 VV (Vertical transmit-Vertical receive) 편파 후방산란계수로 변환하였다. 토양수분 산정에는 Water Cloud Model (WCM)이 활용되었으며, 모형의 식생 서술자(Vegetation descriptor)는 RVI (Radar Vegetation Index)와 NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)를 활용하였다. RVI는 Sentinel-1 영상의 VH 및 VV 편파자료를 이용해 산정하였으며, NDVI는 동기간에 대해 10일 간격으로 수집된 Sentinel-2 MSI (MultiSpectral Instrument) 위성영상을 활용하여 산정하였다. WCM의 검정 및 보정은 한국수자원공사에서 제공하는 10 cm 깊이의 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) 센서에서 실측된 6개 지점의 토양수분 자료를 수집하여 수행하였으며, 매개변수의 최적화는 비선형 최소제곱(Non-linear least square) 및 PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) 알고리즘을 활용하였다. WCM을 통해 산정된 토양수분은 피어슨 상관계수(Pearson's correlation coefficient)와 평균제곱근오차(Root mean square error)를 활용하여 검증을 수행할 예정이다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.502-508
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• 2012

현재 골다공증 진단을 위하여 임상에서 이용되고 있는 정량적 초음파 기술은 종골(발뒤꿈치뼈)에서 음속(speed of sound; SOS) 및 광대역 초음파 감쇠(normalized broadband ultrasound attenuation; nBUA)와 같은 초음파 변수를 측정한다. 본 연구에서는 소 대퇴골로부터 제작된 20개의 해면질골 샘플을 이용하여 골절 위험도가 높은 대퇴골에서 SOS 및 nBUA의 골밀도에 대한 의존성을 살펴보았다. 대퇴골 해면질골 샘플의 SOS 및 nBUA는 1.0 MHz의 중심주파수를 갖는 한 쌍의 초음파 트랜스듀서와 함께 투과법을 이용하여 측정 하였다. 20개의 해면질골 샘플에서 측정된 SOS 및 nBUA는 골밀도와 각각 r = 0.83 및 0.72라는 높은 Pearson 상관계수 (r)를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SOS 및 nBUA를 독립변수로 하고, 골밀도를 종속변수로 하는 다중선형회귀분석으로부터 다중선형회귀모델의 상관계수는 r = 0.85로서 SOS 또는 nBUA 중 하나만을 독립변수로 하는 단순선형회귀모델의 상관계수보다 높게 나타났다. 이와 같이 초음파 변수와 골밀도 사이의 높은 선형적인 상관관계는 대퇴골에서 측정된 초음파 변수가 대퇴골의 골밀도를 예측하기에 충분한 지표라는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권11호
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• pp.855-863
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 서울시 기온 지상관측 자료의 지도화를 위해 Artificial Neural Network (ANN)을 사용하였다. 지도화를 위한 보조자료로는 MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 자료를 사용하였다. ANN 모델 설계를 위해 입력자료와 출력자료 간의 산점도 및 통계분석을 수행하였으며, 기온과의 상관성이 비교적 높게 나타나는 입력자료인 지표면온도, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)와 시간(위성관측시각, Day of year), 위치(위도, 경도), 데이터 품질(운량)과 관련된 데이터 종류를 분류 및 조합하여 학습을 진행하였다. 기온자료와 상관성이 높은 데이터만으로 학습을 진행하였을 때 상관계수(r)와 Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)의 평균값이 0.9667, 2.708℃로 우수한 성능을 보였다. 학습에 사용된 데이터의 종류가 추가될수록 더 우수한 학습 결과를 보였으며, 모든 데이터가 활용될 때에는 r과 RMSE의 평균값이 0.9840, 1.883℃로 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. ANN 모델으로 생성한 서울시 기온 지도에서는 픽셀별 지형적 특성에 적절하게 기온이 산정된 것으로 판단되며, 추후 연구지역 확대 및 위성자료의 다양화를 통해 시단위 및 전국단위 기온 분포 분석 연구가 가능할 것이다.