• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.84-87
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• 2008

유전자 변형 작물은 생산성 측면에서 많은 장점이 있지만 이를 섭취할 경우 잠재적인 위험 요소들에 의해 많은 문제가 대두대고 있다. 본 연구는 저항성유전자를 이입한 배추에서 Profillin, Tubulin-${\alpha}$ (Tub-${\alpha}1$), Heat-shock protein (Bchsp 17.6) and Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBE)의 발현과 이를 30일간 섭취한 마우스에서 ${\beta}$-actin(${\beta}$-act), ${\beta}$-2-microglobulin (B2m), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (Gus)의 발현 정도를 RT-PCR을 통해 알아보았다. 실험 결과 저항성유전자를 이입한 배추와 그렇지 않은 배추의 유전자 발현 패턴은 큰 차이를 보이지 앓았으며, 이를 섭취한 마우스 장기에서도 발현에 따른 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of rice genetically modified to be resistant against rice blast and rice bacterial blight on the soil microbial community. A comparative analysis of the effects of rice genetically modified rice choline kinase (OsCK1) gene for disease resistance (GM rice) and the Nakdong parental cultivar (non-GM rice) on the soil microbial community at each stage was conducted using rhizosphere soil of the OsCK1 and Nakdong rice. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil chemistry at each growth stage and the bacterial and fungal population densities were analyzed. Soil DNA was extracted from the samples, and the microbial community structures of the two soils were analyzed by pyrosequencing. No significant differences were observed in the soil chemistry and microbial population density between the two soils. The taxonomic analysis showed that Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were present in all soils as the major phyla. Although the source tracking analysis per phylogenetic rank revealed that there were differences in the bacteria between the GM and non-GM soil as well as among the cultivation stages, the GM and non-GM soil were grouped according to the growth stages in the UPGMA dendrogram analysis. CONCLUSION: The difference in bacterial distributions between Nakdong and OsCK1 rice soils at each phylogenetic level detected in microbial community analysis by pyrosequencing may be due to the genetic modification done on GM rice or due to heterogeneity of the soil environment. In order to clarify this, it is necessary to analyze changes in root exudates along with the expression of transgene. A more detailed study involving additional multilateral soil analyses is required.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.815-827
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• 2020

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) transgenic soybean was developed and biosynthesis of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) in soybean seeds was confirmed. Also, EGF transgenic soybean were found to contain a herbicide resistance selectable marker by introduction of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) gene from the Streptomyces hygroscopicus. For biosafety assessment, the EGF transgenic soybean expressing the EGF biosynthesis gene EGF and herbicide resistant gene PAT was tested to determine effects on survival of Cyprinus carpio, commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies. C. carpio was fed 100% ground soybean suspension, EGF soybean or non-genetically modified (GM) counterpart soybean (Gwangan). Gene expression of EGF soybean was confirmed by PCR and ELISA to have EGF/PAT. Feeding test showed that no significant differences in cumulative immobility or abnormal response between C. carpio samples fed on EGF soybean and non-GM counterpart soybean. The 48 h-EC50 values of the EGF and non-GM soybean were 1,688 mg·L-1 (95% confidence limits: 1,585 - 1,798 mg·L-1) and 1,575 mg·L-1 (95% confidence limits: 1,433 - 1,731 mg·L-1), respectively. The soybean NOEC (no observed effect concentration) value for C. carpio was suggested to be 625 mg·L-1. We concluded that there was no significant difference in toxicity for non-target organisms (C. carpio) between the EGF soybean and non-GM counterparts.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2017

현재까지 국내에서는 생명공학작물이 상업적인 재배가 되고 있지 않으나 생명공학작물의 환경 방출을 위해서는 환경위해성 평가가 필수적 수행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)로부터 모품종인 낙동벼와 잡초성벼인 R55 및 인디카벼인 IR36 로의 화분 매개에 의한 유전자 이동성을 평가하였다. 낙동벼로부터 729,917 립의 종자를 얻었으며, 잡초성벼(R55)로부터는 230,635 립의 종자와 인디카벼(IR36)에서는 596,318 립의 종자를 수확하였다. 교잡개체는 3회의 제초제 살포를 수행하여 제초제 저항성 개체 선별과 Cry1Ac1 immunostrip 검정으로 확인하였으며, 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)에 특이적인 프라이머를 이용한 분자생물학적 방법을 통해 유전자 이동성 여부를 최종적으로 검증하였다. 총 파종된 종자수에 대한 교잡율은 낙동벼에서는 0.0027%, R55는 0.0017%, IR36은 0.0005%로 나타났으며, 모든 교잡개체들은 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)에 근접한 1.2m 내에서 발견되었다. 화분 매개에 의한 해충저항성 Bt 벼(Agb0101)의 유전자 이동 특성은 기존에 연구된 결과들과 유사한 경향으로 보였으며, 벼의 개화기간 중 온도와 강우량 등 기상 조건이 화분에 의한 교잡을 결정하는데 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 이에 재배 지역의 기상 환경과 개화시기 중복 여부 등을 유전자변형 벼에 의한 일반 재배품종 및 야생(잡초성)벼로의 유전자 이동에 따른 저감 기술 개발과 안전관리 기준 작성에서 주요 영향 인자들로 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2008년도 제49회 학술심포지움 및 국제학술대회
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• pp.70.1-70.1
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• 2008

• 무역학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.179-201
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• 2018

각 국은 소비자의 알 권리와 선택권을 보장하기 위해 식품표시제도를 의무화한다. 그리고 이러한 각국의 식품표시정책을 수립함에 있어 국제협약 또는 협정에 가입되었다면 이는 모든 서명국에 부과되는 의무라는 복잡한 네트워크에 연결된다. 또한 식품표시제도는 국제무역에 비관세장벽으로 적용할 수 있어 각 국이 식품표시제도를 도입함에 있어 다자적 조화가 필요하며 이를 위해 GATT 20조, SPS, TBT 협정이 적용될 수 있을 것이다. GM식품(Genetically Modified foods)의 안전성과 관련하여서는 여전히 논란이 여전히 끊이지 않고 있다. 더욱이, 우리나라가 GMO를 가장 많이 수입하는 국가라는 사실을 고려한다면 GM식품의 유해성을 차치하더라도 GM식품 관련 표시제도의 명확화 및 GM식품의 혼입기준에 대한 명확한 제시는 소비자들로 하여금 식품 선택에 있어 혼란을 해소할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 GM식품에 대한 다자적·국내법적 고찰을 통해 우리나라 국내법에서 인용가능한 GM식품관련 법 및 주요 무역국의 국내법을 살펴봄으로써 우리나라 GM식품 표시방법에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고 한다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2001

Allergenicity of genetically-modified (GM) soybean was evaluated in male Sprague Dawley rats. To confirm the GM soybean used in this study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the chromosomal DNA of soybeans. The PCR result provided the clear discrimination of genetically-modified (GM) soybeans. To evaluate the allergenicity of GM soybean and non-GM control one, the soybean homogenate was sensitized subcutaneously 3 times a week for 3 weeks. The doses of soybean were 0, 2 and 20 mg/kg in the protein basis. A week after the last sensitization, antisera were recovered from individual animals. When the sera were injected intradermally on the clipped back of unsensitized rats with various dilutions, followed by a challenge with 20 mg/kg of soybean homogenate containing 1% Evans blue, no sign of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was detected. In addition, when the sera were treated in the cultures of peritoneal mast cells, the increase of histamine release by anti-(GM soybean) sera was not observed when compared to that by anti-(non-GM soybean) sera. The present results indicate that the GM soybean might not act as a strong allergen in male Sprague Dawley rats.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.560-564
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• 2011

Two feeding experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of genetically modified (GM) soybean and corn on the growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Four isonitrogenous (31% crude protein) and isolipidic (6% crude lipid) diets (designated as nGM-soya, GM-soya, nGM-corn and GM-corn) were formulated to contain 20% non-GM (nGM) and GM soya and corn. Fifty juvenile abalone (initial body weight, 2.0 g) were distributed in each 50 L tank in a flow-through system. Each experimental diet was fed to duplicate groups of abalone to satiation once a day for 10 weeks. No effects of GM feedstuffs on survival were observed. Dietary inclusion of GM feedstuffs did not affect either growth performance or feed utilization of abalone. Body composition was not altered by the inclusion of GM feedstuffs. These results indicate that dietary inclusion of GM soybean and corn could have no effect on the growth performance and body composition of juvenile abalone. Further studies to investigate the effects of GM feedstuffs on transgenic fragment residues in ambient environments and in animals are necessary for the safe use of such ingredients in aquaculture.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.612-616
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• 2006

최근 GMO 작물의 재배, 생산이 날로 늘어나며 GMO 작물이 환경에 미칠 수 있는 많은 가능성들이 대두되고 있다. 특히 GMO 작물과 야생종과의 자연교잡에 의한 유전자 전이로, 잡초화의 문제점이 제기되며 생태계의 변화 및 파괴의 위험성이 우려되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 GM벼와 야생 및 근연종 사이의 교잡가능성 및 유전자 전이율을 조사하기 위한 유전자 이동의 분석 체계를 확립하고자 하였다. 벼의 개화시기에 GM벼와 야생 및 근연종 간의 인공교배 후 수확한 교잡 추정 종자를 발아시켜서 제초제를 처리하여 교잡종자를 선별하였다. 또한 GM 벼 및 야생 근연종벼들 간의 RAPD PCR 분석을 통해 선별한 marker를 사용하여 낙동 교잡벼와 샤레 교잡벼가 GM 벼와 교배된 식물체임을 확인하였다. PCR 분석을 수행한 결과 GM벼에서 도입된 trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) 유전자와 선별marker로 사용된 bar유전자가 GM벼 뿐만 아니라 샤레 교잡벼에도 존재하였으며, 결과적으로 GM벼의 bar 및 tpp 유전자가 잡초성벼인 샤레 교잡벼에 전이되었음을 검증할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1183-1190
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• 2011

This study was aimed to establish the evaluating protocol and standard assessment for genetically modified (GM) hot pepper and to find out a proper statistic method to analyze for equality of agricultural characters between GM and non-GM pepper lines. GM and non-GM hot pepper lines were cultivated in two GMO fields in the middle region of Korea and total of 52 agricultural characters were collected during the plant growing season for 4 years, 2007 to 2010. Levene's test was conducted to confirm the homogeneity of raw data before statistic analysis. Two-way ANOVA in the multivariate tests and t-test were conducted to analyze 52 agricultural characters in order to find out the equality between H15 and P2377. From the statistical analysis through two-way ANOVA, 16 out of 16 plant growth traits, 9 out of 18 green fruit traits and 7 out of 18 red fruit traits among 4 years and 9 out of 16 plant growth traits, 4 out of 18 green fruit traits and 3 out of 18 red fruit traits between H15 and P2377 have shown the statistic differences. With the same raw data of 52 agricultural characters, t-test was also conducted. Based on the result from t-test, only 1 out of 16 plant growth traits, 2 out of 18 green fruit traits and 1 out of 18 red fruit traits have shown the differences between H15 and P2377, so that it was concluded that there is no statistic difference between H15 and P2377 in terms of agricultural characters. Also, the t-test is a proper statistic method to analyze each trait between GM and its control lines in order to evaluate agricultural characters.