• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1999

Magnesium ($Mg^{2+}$) plays an important role in the regulation of a range of intracellular processes. Regulation of extracellular $Mg^{2+}$ contents was studied in the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Animals were injected intraperitoneally with sodium nitrite ($NaNO_2$), and circulating $Mg^{2+}$($[Mg^{2+}]c$) was measured after the injection and then 10 and 20 minutes later. A dose-dependent increase in $[Mg^{2+}]c$ was observed in animals injected with $NaNO_2$ at a dose of 10mg/kg or higher. Pretreatment with methylene blue prevented the $NaNO_2$-induced increase in $[Mg^{2+}]c$. $[Mg^{2+}]c$ displayed an inverse linear correlation with hemoglobin and exponential correlation during $NaNO_2$ injection. Injection of KCN or rotenone also induced an increase in $[Mg^{2+}]c$. An increase in $[Mg^{2+}]c$ was observed when respiration rate was reduced from 100/min (140ml/min) to 10/min (14ml/min) during 30 min. These results indicate that changes in $[Mg^{2+}]c$ inversely reflect alteration of ATP in a model of metabolic inhibition.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the taste composition and antioxidant properties of cheonggukjang containing Korean red ginseng (RGC), as compared to either general cheonggukjang (GC) or non-fermented boiled soybeans (BS). Amylase activity was the highest (576.7 unit/g) in RGC, whereas protease activity was the highest (326.0 unit/g) in GC. The total soluble sugar contents of BS, GC, and RGC were 2,027.5, 905.5, and 837.5 mg/100 g, respectively. RGC had the highest amount of total amino acids (2,127.4 mg/100 g) and essential amino acid (50.9%) among the samples. The ratio of sweet to bitter components was higher in RGC than in GC. Although the extracts of RGC had higher radical scavenging activity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) than BS or GC, regardless of the extract concentration, the ethanol extract of RGC showed the highest scavenging ability (92.4%) at 2.0 mg/mL. The chloroform extracts from GC and RGC showed their greatest superoxide dimutase-like activities at 17.2 and 19.7% at a concentration of 2 mg/mL, respectively. Regardless of the samples, the nitrite scavenging ability was positively correlated to the extract concentration, and RGC had highest ability among samples under the same extract concentrations.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and anticancer activity of the water and ethanol extracts from medicinal herbs. Methods : Three kinds of medicinal herbs(Corni fructus, Astragalus membranaceus and Glycyrrhiza uralensis) were extracted with distilled water and 70% ethanol, and the extracts were tested for their antioxidative and anticancer activities. Results : The highest polyphenol contents of the water and ethanol extracts from medicinal herbs were 342.14 mg and 435.62 mg per 100 g of Cornus officinalis, respectively. The highest electron donating abilities (EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis were 88% and 91% at 1,000 ppm, respectively. The water and ethanol extracts from Astragalus membranaceus had the highest nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) at 1,000 ppm. The highest anticancer activity of the extracts were from Glycyrrhiza uralensis against both of MDA and A549 cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that the medicinal herbs can be used as natural antioxidant to prevent oxidative damage in normal cells probably because of their antioxidant characteristics.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2015

Changes in land-use type can affect soil and water properties in stream ecosystems. This study examined the effects of different land-use types on biogeochemical properties and microbial activities of a stream. We collected water and sediment samples in a stream at three different sites surrounded by varying land-use types; a forest, a radish field and a rice paddy. Nitrogen contents, such as nitrate, nitrite and total nitrogen in the stream water body, showed significant differences among the sampling sites. The highest nitrogen values were recorded at the site surrounded by cropland, as fertilizer runoff impacted the stream. Soil organic matter content in the sediment showed significant differences among sites, with the highest content exhibited at the forest mouth site. These differences might be due to the organic matter in surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial activities determined by extracellular enzyme activities showed similar values throughout all sites in the water body; however, the activities in the sediments exhibited the highest values near the forest site and mirrored the soil organic matter content values. From these results, we conclude that different land-use types are important factors affecting water and sediment properties in stream ecosystems.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• 제68권
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• pp.267-273
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• 2018

Hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris feedstock containing 80% (w/w) water was conducted in a batch reactor as a function of temperature (300, 325 and $350^{\circ}C$) and reaction times (5, 10 and 30 min). The biocrude yield, elemental composition and higher heating value obtained for various reaction conditions helped to predict the optimum conditions for maximizing energy recovery. To optimize the recovery of inorganic nutrients, we further investigated the effect of reaction conditions on the ammonium ($NH_4{^+}$), phosphate ($PO_4{^{3-}}$), nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) and nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) concentrations in the aqueous phase. A maximum energy recovery of 78% was obtained at $350^{\circ}C$ and 5 min, with a high energy density of 34.3 MJ/kg and lower contents of oxygen. For the recovery of inorganic nutrients, shorter reaction times achieved higher phosphorus recovery, with maximum recovery being 53% at $350^{\circ}C$ and 5 min. Our results indicate that the reaction condition of $350^{\circ}C$ for 5 min was optimal for maximizing energy recovery with improved quality, at the same time achieving a high phosphorus recovery.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.407-411
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• 2021

인삼(Panax ginseng)과 전칠삼(Panax notoginseng)의 30% (v/v) 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성을 확인하였다. 인삼과 전칠삼 추출물의 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 10.3±0.3 및 10.4±0.4 mg/g-추출물이었다. 인삼과 전칠삼 추출물은 농도의존적으로 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 인삼과 전칠삼 추출물의 양이온라디칼에 대한 EC₅₀값은 4.76±0.12 및 6.24±0.14 mg/mL이었고, 환원력에 대한 EC₅₀값은 1.99±0.01 및 3.13±0.05 mg/mL이었으며, 아질산염에 대한 EC₅₀값은 4.78±0.31 및 3.52±0.10 mg/mL이었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.439-442
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• 2020

강화 사자발약쑥(Artemisia princeps Pampanini)으로부터 얻어진 50% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 혈장 항응고 활성을 확인하였다. 약쑥 추출물의 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 106.9±3.3 및 34.1±0.4 mg/g-추출물로 나타났다. 약쑥 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 유리라디칼, 양이온라디칼 및 아질산염을 소거하였고, 우수한 환원력 및 지질과산화 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 약쑥 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 혈액응고의 공통경로를 저해하는 혈장 항응고 활성을 나타내었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2012

The ash content, mineral composition, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effect of the antlers of deer fed with herb-incorporated feedstuff (HFS) or normal feedstuff (NFS) were comparatively evaluated. The contents of ash and mineral of the antler of deer fed with HFS were significantly lower than its counterpart. The ash and mineral contents of deer antlers decreased generally from the upper section toward the tip section. The ratios of Ca/ash, Ca/P, and Ca/Fe of antler of deer fed with HFS were lower than those of antler of deer fed with NFS. Antlers of deer fed with HFS had higher total phenolics, nitrite scavenging capacity, and antioxidant capacity than those of deer fed with NFS. Antlers of deer fed with HFS or NFS showed in vitro neuronal protection of PC-12 cells against oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, where antler of deer fed with HFS generally had higher cellular viability than NFS. These results above suggest that the incorporation of the medicinal herbal complex into feedstuff may improve the biological effects of deer antlers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2012

To study the difference in growth characteristics between intertidal and subtidal eelgrass Zostera marina populations, environmental factors and changes in tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents in eelgrass from the lower intertidal and upper subtidal zones were surveyed monthly in the Seomjin Estuary from May 2003 to December 2004. Water temperatures, water column nutrient concentrations, sediment pore water, and ammonium and phosphate concentrations showed no significant differences between intertidal and subtidal zones. Sediment pore water nitrate+nitrite concentrations were slightly higher in the intertidal zone than in the subtidal zone. Average monthly exposure times in the intertidal and subtidal zones were $42.4{\pm}5.8h\;month^{-1}$ and $15.3{\pm}3.5h\;month^{-1}$, respectively. Eelgrass leaf N content decreased from March to August and increased from September to February in the subtidal zone, whereas these trends were not observed in the intertidal zone. Eelgrass rhizome C content increased from April to September and decreased from October to March in the subtidal zone, whereas those tendencies were not recorded in the intertidal zone. Eelgrass rhizome C:N ratios showed a strong reverse trend to leaf C:N ratios in the subtidal zone, but these tendencies were not observed in the intertidal zone. The effects of exposure appeared to cause no seasonal trend in eelgrass tissue C and N content or C:N ratios in the intertidal zone in the Seomjin Estuary.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2008

건조 방법이 와송의 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 와송을 천일건조, 열풍건조 및 동결건조한 후 물 및 95% 에탄올로 추출하여 항산화 활성을 분석하였다. 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드의 함량은 물보다 에탄올추출물에서 높았으며, 건조 방법에 따라서는 열풍건조 시료에서 유의적으로 높았다. 전자공여능, 환원력, hydroxyl radical 소거능, SOD 유사활성 및 아질산염 소거능은 열풍건조> 동결건조> 천일건조 시료의 순으로 높았으며, 물보다 에탄올추출물에서 항산화능이 높았다. 따라서 와송 추출물의 항산화능은 페놀화합물 및 플라보노이드 함량에 의존적인 것으로 생각되며, 와송의 항산화능을 증대시키기 위한 적절한 전처리 방법은 열풍건조 방법인 것으로 판단된다.