• Title/Summary/Keyword: neural regeneration

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Epigenetic Regulation of Axon Regeneration after Neural Injury

  • Shin, Jung Eun;Cho, Yongcheol
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.10-16
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    • 2017
  • When peripheral axons are damaged, neuronal injury signaling pathways induce transcriptional changes that support axon regeneration and consequent functional recovery. The recent development of bioinformatics techniques has allowed for the identification of many of the regeneration-associated genes that are regulated by neural injury, yet it remains unclear how global changes in transcriptome are coordinated. In this article, we review recent studies on the epigenetic mechanisms orchestrating changes in gene expression in response to nerve injury. We highlight the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in discriminating efficient axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system and very limited axon regrowth in the central nervous system and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic regulators to improve neural recovery.

Battery charge prediction of sailing yacht regeneration system using neural networks (신경망을 이용한 세일링 요트 리제너레이션 시스템의 배터리 충전 예측)

  • Lee, Tae-Hee;Hwang, Woo-Sung;Choi, Myung-Ryul
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.18 no.11
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    • pp.241-246
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    • 2020
  • In this paper, we propose a neural network model to converge the marine electric propulsion system and deep learning algorithm to predict the DC/DC converter output current in the electric propulsion regeneration system and to predict the battery charge during regeneration. In order to experiment with the proposed neural network, the input voltage and current of the PCM were measured and the data set was secured on the prototype PCM board. In addition, in order to improve the learning results in the insufficient data set, the scale of the data set was increased through data fitting and its learning was executed further. After learning, the difference between the data prediction result of the neural network model and the actual measurement data was compared. The proposed neural network model effectively showed the prediction of battery charge according to changes in input voltage and current. In addition, by predicting the characteristic change of the analog circuit constituting the DC/DC converter through a neural network, it is determined that the characteristics of the analog circuit should be considered when designing the regeneration system.

Effect of Neurotrophic Factors on Neuronal Stem Cell Death

  • KimKwon, Yun-Hee
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.87-93
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    • 2002
  • Neural cell survival is an essential concern in the aging brain and many diseases of the central nervous system. Neural transplantation of the stem cells are already applied to clinical trials for many degenerative neurological diseases, including Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and strokes. A critical problem of the neural transplantation is how to reduce their apoptosis and improve cell survival. Neurotrophic factors generally contribute as extrinsic cues to promote cell survival of specific neurons in the developing mammalian brains, but the survival factor for neural stem cell is poorly defined. To understand the mechanism controlling stem cell death and improve cell survival of the transplanted stem cells, we investigated the effect of plausible neurotrophic factors on stem cell survival. The neural stem cell, HiB5, when treated with PDGF prior to transplantation, survived better than cells without PDGF. The resulting survival rate was two fold for four weeks and up to three fold for twelve weeks. When transplanted into dorsal hippocampus, they migrated along hippocampal alveus and integrated into pyramidal cell layers and dentate granule cell layers in an inside out sequence, which is perhaps the endogenous pathway that is similar to that in embryonic neurogenesis. Promotion of the long term-survival and differentiation of the transplanted neural precursors by PDGF may facilitate regeneration in the aging adult brain and probably in the injury sites of the brain.

The Information Diffusion Neural Networks for Real-Time Regeneration of 3-D Terrain Elevation Data with Contour Information (등고선 정보로부터 3차원 지형정보의 실시간 복원을 위한 정보 확산 신경회로망)

  • Kim, J.M.;Choi, J.S.;Lim, Y.J.;Kim, H.G.;Kim, H.S.;Kim, S.J.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1995.07b
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    • pp.968-970
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    • 1995
  • The Information Diffusion Neural Networks is proposed to regenerate the 3-dimensional terrain elevation data from contour lines. Contours in paper map are an expression of terrain elevation in highly compressed form. A real time regeneration of terrain data for each grid points from the the contour information is required for various applications. In the proposed neural networks, the elevation information on contours is diffused to neighbor units through updating its output toward that of neighbor units. An interpolation of terrain information is achieved from such computation mechanithm. Terrain data regeneration simulation has been done with sampled terrain data on contour lines.

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Neural Ablation and Regeneration in Pain Practice

  • Choi, Eun Ji;Choi, Yun Mi;Jang, Eun Jung;Kim, Ju Yeon;Kim, Tae Kyun;Kim, Kyung Hoon
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.3-11
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    • 2016
  • A nerve block is an effective tool for diagnostic and therapeutic methods. If a diagnostic nerve block is successful for pain relief and the subsequent therapeutic nerve block is effective for only a limited duration, the next step that should be considered is a nerve ablation or modulation. The nerve ablation causes iatrogenic neural degeneration aiming only for sensory or sympathetic denervation without motor deficits. Nerve ablation produces the interruption of axonal continuity, degeneration of nerve fibers distal to the lesion (Wallerian degeneration), and the eventual death of axotomized neurons. The nerve ablation methods currently available for resection/removal of innervation are performed by either chemical or thermal ablation. Meanwhile, the nerve modulation method for interruption of innervation is performed using an electromagnetic field of pulsed radiofrequency. According to Sunderland's classification, it is first and foremost suggested that current neural ablations produce third degree peripheral nerve injury (PNI) to the myelin, axon, and endoneurium without any disruption of the fascicular arrangement, perineurium, and epineurium. The merit of Sunderland's third degree PNI is to produce a reversible injury. However, its shortcoming is the recurrence of pain and the necessity of repeated ablative procedures. The molecular mechanisms related to axonal regeneration after injury include cross-talk between axons and glial cells, neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and their receptors. It is essential to establish a safe, long-standing denervation method without any complications in future practices based on the mechanisms of nerve degeneration as well as following regeneration.

Effects of Gamishinchubogun-tang on Regeneration of PC12 Cells (가미신추보건탕(加味伸椎步建湯)이 PC12 세포의 재생에 미치는 영향)

  • Gu, Ji-Hyang;Lee, Chi-Ho;Lee, Eun-Jung
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effect of Gamishinchubogun-tang (JiaweiShenzhuibujian-tang; GSB) on regeneration of PC12 cells. Methods : PC12 cells have been used extensively as a model for studying the cellular and molecular effects of neuronal cells. In order to check the effect of GSB on the regeneration of PC12 cells, the morphological change of PC12 cells were observed comparatively in GSB group and control group. Results : The significant changes in neurite length of PC12 cells have been observed on GSB group. In proportion to the concentration of GSB it was observed an increase in neurite outgrowth. Conclusions : This study confirmed that GSB made a significant influence on regeneration of PC12 cells.

Effects of Sagunjatang-Ga-Nokyong on Neurologic Recovery in Rats after Spinal Cord Injury

  • Kim, Hyun-Seok;Yoon, Il-Ji
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2008
  • Objective : This study is investigate the effects of Sagunjatang-Ga-Nokyong(SGJ-NY) treatment on regenerative responses of corticospinal tract(CST) axons in the injured spinal cord. Methods :Using rats, we damaged their spinal cord, and then applied SGJ-NY extract to the lesion. Then we observed GAP-43 and NGF protein, astrcyte, axonal regeneration responses and axonal elongation. Result :Determination of GAP-43 and NGF protein levels were increased. And increased proliferation of astrocyte and enhanced processes in astrocytes were observed by SGJ-NY treatment. Higher number of astrocytes within the injury cavity in SGJ-NY treated group were showed, yet CSPG proteins were a weaker staining in the cavity in SGJ-NY. CST axons extended into the cavity and to the caudal area in SGJ-NY treated group were increased. Conclusion : SGJ-NY treatment might increase neural activity in the injured spinal cord tissue, and improved axonal regeneration responses. In this process, activation of astrocytes may play a role in promoting enhanced axonal elongation. the current study show that SGJ-NY exerts positive activity on inducing nerve regeneration responses by elevating neural tissue migration activities.

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The Literature Review of Central nervous system regeneration (중추신경계의 재생에 관한 문헌고찰)

  • Kim Dong-Hyun;Baek Su-Jeong;Kim Jin-Sang
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.395-406
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    • 2000
  • In general. it is known that central nervous system associated with nerve injury and regeneration in mature cann't regenerate, unlikely peripheral nervous system, due to various reasons. Although a lot of Patients arc suffered with central nervous system injury in the world, but there art a few resolution and researches and investigations. 'rho effect of central nervous system regeneration was partly revealed by many researchers. In this article, we describe about recovery (inclusive of axonal regeneration, remyelination, repair of spinal cord) and associated factors(inclusive of macrophage and autoimmune T-cell. neural stem cells. Nogo) after central nervous system injury.

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Study of the planarian phototaxis during brain regeneration

  • Inoue, Takeshi;Kumamoto, Hiroshi;Cebria, Frances;Kobayashi, Chiyoko;Agata, Kiyokazu
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.287-289
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    • 2002
  • Planarians show negative phototaxis and have extensive regenerative ability, including the ability to regenerate the brain. Recently the process of regeneration of the planarian brain has been divided into three steps based on the expression of neural markers. In this study, we have analyzed the process of recovery of the light response during head regeneration. Although morphological observations indicated that regeneration of the eyes and optic nerves appeared to be completed by the fourth day, the recovery of the evasion behavior against light was not recovered within 4 days after amputation. Functional recovery of the evasion behavior could be detected starting 5 days after amputation and then gradually recovered. We previously identified genes which are specifically expressed in the brain after the recovery of morphological structures. This characteristic suggested that these genes may be involved in functional recovery of the brain. To investigate the function of these genes, we performed gene knockout analysis using the RNA interference method. The results clearly indicated that these genes are involved in the functional recovery of the visual system.

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Neural Plasticity and Physical Therapy (신경가역성과 물리치료)

  • Kim, Jong-Man;Kwon, Hyuk-Cheol
    • Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.301-311
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    • 1994
  • Most patients treated by physical therapists have suffered some neurological trauma resulting from disease or injury. The traditional teaching used to be that damage of central neurons is irreversible. However, it has been necessary to cast aside this traditional view because of accumulating evidence that the brain is endowed with remarkable plasticity. This paper reviews the literature relating to neuroplasticity within the brain and draws implications pertinent to physical therapy practice.

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