• Trans-
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• v.12
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• pp.51-79
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• 2022

This study investigates the methods for deriving colors which can serve as a reference to users such as designers and or contents creators who search for online images from the web portal sites using specific words for color planning and more. Two experiments were conducted in order to accomplish this. Digital scenery photos within the geographic scope of Korea were downloaded from web portal sites, and those photos were studied to find out what colors were used to describe daytime and nighttime. Machine learning was used as the study methodology to classify colors in daytime and nighttime, and KSCA was used to derive the color frequency of daytime and nighttime photos and to compare and analyze the two results. The results of classifying the colors of daytime and nighttime photos using machine learning show that, when classifying the colors by 51~100%, the area of daytime colors was approximately 2.45 times greater than that of nighttime colors. The colors of the daytime class were distributed by brightness with white as its center, while that of the nighttime class was distributed with black as its center. Colors that accounted for over 70% of the daytime class were 647, those over 70% of the nighttime class were 252, and the rest (31-69%) were 101. The number of colors in the middle area was low, while other colors were classified relatively clearly into day and night. The resulting color distributions in the daytime and nighttime classes were able to provide the borderline color values of the two classes that are classified by brightness. As a result of analyzing the frequency of digital photos using KSCA, colors around yellow were expressed in generally bright daytime photos, while colors around blue value were expressed in dark night photos. For frequency of daytime photos, colors on the upper 40% had low chroma, almost being achromatic. Also, colors that are close to white and black showed the highest frequency, indicating a large difference in brightness. Meanwhile, for colors with frequency from top 5 to 10, yellow green was expressed darkly, and navy blue was expressed brightly, partially composing a complex harmony. When examining the color band, various colors, brightness, and chroma including light blue, achromatic colors, and warm colors were shown, failing to compose a generally harmonious arrangement of colors. For the frequency of nighttime photos, colors in approximately the upper 50% are dark colors with a brightness value of 2 (Munsell signal). In comparison, the brightness of middle frequency (50-80%) is relatively higher (brightness values of 3-4), and the brightness difference of various colors was large in the lower 20%. Colors that are not cool colors could be found intermittently in the lower 8% of frequency. When examining the color band, there was a general harmonious arrangement of colors centered on navy blue. As the results of conducting the experiment using two methods in this study, machine learning could classify colors into two or more classes, and could evaluate how close an image was with certain colors to a certain class. This method cannot be used if an image cannot be classified into a certain class. The result of such color distribution would serve as a reference when determining how close a certain color is to one of the two classes when the color is used as a dominant color in the base or background color of a certain design. Also, when dividing the analyzed images into several classes, even colors that have not been used in the analyzed image can be determined to find out how close they are to a certain class according to the color distribution properties of each class. Nevertheless, the results cannot be used to find out whether a specific color was used in the class and by how much it was used. To investigate such an issue, frequency analysis was conducted using KSCA. The color frequency could be measured within the range of images used in the experiment. The resulting values of color distribution and frequency from this study would serve as references for color planning of digital design regarding natural scenery in the geographic scope of Korea. Also, the two experiments are meaningful attempts for searching the methods for deriving colors that can be a useful reference among numerous images for content creator users of the relevant field.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.560-572
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• 2012

This study examines the influence of fashion accessories on how men of different ages are perceived, as well as how the social values of the perceiver affect the image evaluation process. For the purpose of this study, men's accessories were limited to glasses, ties, and hats. A quasi-experiment was conducted in which 358 female university students in Seoul examined two men, one in his 30s and the other in his 60s. The social value included materialism and hedonism with higher and lower group. Factor analysis revealed three main factors with regard to men's image based on age and accessories: professionalism, morality, and preference. The findings indicated that wearing accessories can affect how men are perceived, and the perceivers' social values are at play throughout the process. Glasses enhanced a professional image in men, while ties amplified professionalism and morality. Morality and preference for the older man were heightened when he wore a fedora and a hunting cap. Taking social values into account, perceivers with a higher level of materialism associated a man with a navy blue tie more strongly with professionalism. Perceivers who possessed more hedonistic traits preferred a man wearing a cap. The subjects considered the man in his 60s as having a higher level of professionalism when he wore casual hats such as a cap or a cloche. The results of this study suggest that social values such as materialism and hedonism play a part in how people perceive men wearing accessories.

• Strategy21
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• s.32
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• pp.160-191
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• 2013

This article is focused how the maritime strategy between continental powered country(the Soviet, the China) and maritime powered country(the U.S.) interact with attack and defense theory. We will know, what is the maritime strategy that the U.S. of military superiority has pursued with the point of view of attack, on the other hand, relatively what is the maritime strategy that the Soviet-Sino of military inferiority has pursued with the point of view of defense. In cold war, the Soviet has counteracted to 'blue belt defense' in active defense as to the U.S. 'sea strike' and in post cold war, the China counteract to 'A2/AD' as to the U.S. 'Air-Sea Battle'. The difference between the Soviet-Sino maritime strategy is that the China has emerged the second an economic power and their leadership has a strong's will to strengthen their navy's power. although the U.S. declare the pivot to Asia, the influence on Asia of the U.S. tend to decrease because of sequest. therefore, the China will seek to the more active defense beyond the first island chain. Meanwhile, the U.S. has reinforced of 'hub and spoke strategy' to solidify the U.S. formal allies to band together regional powers and to overcome the A2/AD challenge, the U.S. has been developed that the Air-Sea Battle concept meshes with Washington's 'rebalancing' policy toward the Asia-Pacific as its vital missions to safeguard core island or semi-island allies-namely, Korea and Japan-and crucial sea lanes of communication in the region are conducted mostly from or over the sea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2009

This research is about the changes in the images of Bond and Bond Girl in '007' Series. And it examined through the social background of England from 1960s to 2000s and the costume in the film. The results were as follows: As the era of young fashion was opened after 1960, there was a big change, but Bond was expressed as a hero who had strong male chauvinism of the English aristocratic circles. However, after 1990s, he wore comfortable clothes and he underwent all sorts of hardships. On the other hand, Bond Girl had the image of a sexual target. However, after 1990s, she had sharp appearance and smart brain. Besides, she had professional ideas of a given work and she was changed into a healthy image. Second, Bond's job was an English secrete agent, but Bond Girl had no particular job in 1960s. In 1980s, various professional jobs appeared and in 1990s and 2000s, the professional job which was directly related with Bond's duties appeared. Third, Bond's upper class image was expressed by tuxedo, suit, black, gray, navy, beige, brown, and ivory. His hair was 2:8 parting or Dandy all black style produced his dignified and neat image. After 1990s, he often had casual dress, which created a comfortable image. Bond Girl was expressed feminine style by bikini, underwear, long dress, sky-blue, violet, black, simple costume. After 1990s, she wore a suite, one-piece, or a combat uniform, which showed her professionalism. especially Bond Girl's red dress was used as a psychological color to express temptation, enemy, and betray.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.753-768
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns on the men's suit image formation. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and response scales. The stimuli were 28 color pictures manipulated with suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns by computer drawing. The experimental design consists of 3 factorial design; 1) suit color (navy blue, beige), 2) necktie color (analogous, complimentary color), 3) necktie patterns (plain, dot, stripe, check, paisley, floral, abstract) The 7-point semantic differential response scale designed for visual evaluation of men's suit image on suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns were composed of 34 bipolar adjectives. The subject are 150 female undergraduate students in Chin-ju city. They responded twice to 14 stimuli at random order The result of this study are as follows; 1. By analyzing the responses of the subjects, 4 factors emerged in the dimensional structure of the men's suit image formed by suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns. The 4 factors are charm, potency, uniqueness and tenderness. Among these, charming and potential factors proved to be more important. 2. necktie color, suit color and neckite patterns had the significant effect on the formation of men's suit image. In the charm image, only necktie patterns were proved to be the most dominant variable. The most dominant variable in the potencial and unique image was necktie color and second to it suit color was important. But suit color was most significant in the image of tenderness. 3. In the effects of interactions between each variables, the combination of suit color and necktie color wins more significant than that of suit color and necktie patterns and that of necktie color and necktie patterns, but in the image of tenderness, only the combination of suit color and necktie color was more significant. In the interaction of suit color, necktie color and necktie patterns, the potential factor didn't have the significant effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-210
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to Investigate men's clothing in regard to (1) the effect of wearer's age and clothing: rues on impression formation, and (2) the effect of perceiver's age on impressions formed by the wearer's age and the fuction of clothing cues. The experimental design of this study was between-subjects 24_full factorial design by 4 independent variables. The subjects consisted of 192 subjects in each of two male perceiver groups according to age(20s and 50s). The experimental moterials developed for the study were a set of stimuli al)d a response scale. The stimuli consisted of 16 color photographs made by identical manipulations of 4 independent variables consisting of 2 levels each. Each one of the sixteen sub-samples included 12 subjects from 2 perceiver groups. The independent variables provided by the photographs were (1) wearer's age (20s and 50s), (2) suit color (navy blue and beige),' (3) suit style (single breasted and double breasted), and (4) necktie color (analogous and complementary colors) . The 7-point semantic differential response scale which was designed to measure the impression of the stimuli was composed of 30 bipolar adjectives. The responses to the semantic differential scales were analyzed using factor analysis and ANOVA. The results were as follows:1) Wearer's age, suit color, suit style, and necktie color had significant effects on impression of the 3 factors (appearance·potency, individuality activity, and evaluation) partiafly. However, the suit style was the most dominent clothing cue : the single breasted suit conveyed positive impression of individuality' activity to both of the wearer's age groups than double breasted suit did on both of the perceiver's age groups. 2) Perceiver's age partially influenced impressions formed by the age and the clothing cues of men clothed in suits : the young perceiver's group was less affected by them than middle aged group.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.425-438
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• 2015

This study aims to integrate sports uniform design into fashion as an effective communication means by analyzing the uniforms of women's pro basketball and volleyball teams in the country. As part of the research method, a literature review was conducted on the domestic pro sports background and women's basketball and volleyball uniforms. For empirical research, an analysis was performed of the uniforms of 12 teams in total: six women's pro basketball teams and six women's pro volleyball teams in the 2013~2014 league. The following results were obtained. First, in terms of formativeness, sleeveless shirts and shorts are basic in both basketball and volleyball. However, there are remarkable differences between the two. Shirts in volleyball are tighter, with the body figure visible, and shorts are shorter in length than those in basketball. Most basketball uniforms have a V-neckline and are collarless, while volleyball uniforms have a standup collar in all teams. Second, both basketball and volleyball apply the representative color of the sponsoring company and the team's typical color, but common colors, such as blue, navy, and white, are used in many teams, which fails to represent a uniquely differentiated image. Third, the logo or symbol of a sponsor is excessively applied to both basketball and volleyball uniforms. This downgrades the uniform's own esthetic features. Fourth, a fashionable uniform design, that reflects the bodily characteristics of women and the characteristics of the sports game would be a beneficial communication tool for all the tiers to become involved in participation and entertainment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 2008

In South Korea, attempted suicide by paraquat (PQ) intoxication is fairly common, and is lethal by pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxemia. However, the treatment of PQ poisoning is primarily supportive management. To increase the survival rate associated with PQ intoxication, many treatments have been developed. Here, we treated a case of PQ intoxication with steroid pulse therapy. A 23-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of PQ intoxication. He drank two mouthfuls of Gramoxon (24% commercial paraquat). His vital signs were stable, but he had a throat infection, and navy blue urine in the sodium dithionite test. Standard treatment, including gastric lavage with activated charcoal was performed, and emergent hemoperfusion with a charcoal filter was initiated 11 h after PQ ingestion. Pharmacotherapy was initiated 18 h after PQ ingestion with the administration of 5 mg dexamethasone. On day 10, chest PA showed pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, we initiated steroid pulse therapy, with 1g methylprednisolone in 100 mL of D5W administered over 1 h repeated daily for 3 days, and 1 g cyclophosphamide in 100 mL of D5W administered over 1 h daily for 2 days. On day 15, dexamethasone therapy was initiated. On day 30, pulmonary fibrosis was improved. Thus, if pulmonary fibrosis becomes exacerbated after dexamethasone therapy during the subacute stage, pulse therapy with methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide could be helpful.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.617-627
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• 2022

Military training is an essential item for the fundamental problem of war. However, there has always been a problem that many resources are consumed, causing spatial and environmental pollution. The concepts of defense modeling and simulation and CGF(Computer Generated Force) using computer technology began to appear to improve this problem. The Naval Operations, Resources Analysis Model(NORAM) developed by the Republic of Korea Navy is also a DEVS(Discrete Event Simulation)-based naval virtual force analysis model. The current NORAM is a battle experiment conducted by an operator, and parameter values such as maneuver and armament operation for individual objects for each situation are evaluated. In spite of our research conducted evolutionary, supervised, reinforcement learning, in this paper, we introduce our design of a scenario creation model based on evolutionary learning using genetic algorithms. For verification, the NORAM is loaded with our model to analyze wartime engagements. Human-level tactical scenario creation capability is secured by automatically generating enemy tactical scenarios for human-designed Blue Army tactical scenarios.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.103-116
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• 2016

Social development led to systematic changes in the gender division of housework and the increase of house husbands. Accordingly, the demand for programs on child rearing for fathers is high. This study aimed to present a design for the brand mark and station identification for a TV channel specializing in childcare for house husbands. This study designed a brand mark and an applied brand mark, based on a literary review of previous studies. A survey on the necessity, preference and brand awareness of this channel was conducted twice afterwards, targeting 55 parents who are raising children who are in between the age of 6 months to 37 months. The first survey showed that the parents are in need of childcare-related channels due to their worries and fear towards childcare. When asked about their preferences and brand awareness towards this channel, some respondents were negative towards the form and colors used in the proposed brand mark and applied brand mark. This was reflected in the improved version and was tested in the second survey, which showed that respondents preferred the form that reminded them of children and found it more suitable. In regards to colors, respondents preferred high chroma navy blue.