• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.249-249
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• 2013

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a sensitive approach to detect and to identify a variety of molecules. To enhance the Raman signal, optimization of the gap between nanostructures is quite important. One-dimensional materials such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanograsses have great potential to be used in SERS due to their unique sizes and shape dependent characteristics. In this study we investigate a simple way to fabricate SERS substrates based on randomly grown copper oxide (CuO) nanowires. CuO nanograss is fabricated on pre-cleaned Cu foils. Cu oxidized in an ammonium ambient solution of 2.5 M NaOH and 0.1 M $(NH_4)_2S_2O_8$ at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10, 30, and 60 minutes. Then, Cu(OH)2 nanostructures are formed and dried at $180^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. With the drying process, the Cu(OH)2 nanostructure is transformed to CuO nanograss by dehydration reaction. CuO nanograss are grown randomly on Cu foil with the average length of 10 ${\mu}m$ and the average diameter of a 100 nm. CuO nanograsses are covered by Ag with various thicknesses from 10 to 30 nm using a thermal evaporator. Then, we immerse uncoated and Ag coated CuO nanowire samples of various oxidation times in a 0.001M methanol-based 4-mercaptopyridine (4-Mpy) in order to evaluate SERS enhancement. Raman shift and SERS enhancement are measured using a Raman spectrometer (Horiba, LabRAM ARAMIS Spectrometer) with the laser wavelength of 532 nm. Raman scattering is believed to be enhanced by the interaction between CuO nanograss and Ag island film. The gaps between Ag covered CuO nanograsses are diverse from <10 nm at the bottom to ~200 nm at the top of nanograsses. SERS signal are improved where the gaps are minimized to near 10s of nanometers. There are many spots that provide sufficiently narrow gap between the structures on randomly grown CuO nanograss surface. Then we may find optimal enhancement of Raman signal using the mapping data of average results. Fabrication of CuO nanograss based on a solution method is relatively simple and fast so this result can potentially provide a path toward cost effective fabrication of SERS substrate for sensing applications.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.315-341
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 국내외 미디어정보 리터러시 교육 제도와 정책을 분석하여 시사점을 도출하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 공공도서관의 기능이 포함된 UNESCO, IFLA, EU, OECD가 발행한 문서를 검토하였으며 국내 미디어정보 리터러시 관련 법령과 정책 및 유관 기관의 기능을 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 국제기구는 정규교육과정과 정규교육과정 밖에 있는 시민이 정보에 접근하고 지식을 공유할 수 있도록 하는 기관으로 공공도서관을 인식하였다. 또한, 디지털 기술을 포함한 미디어정보 리터러시 향상에 대한 책무성이 있는 평생교육과 시민교육 기관으로 공공도서관을 활용하였다. 도서관법에는 국민의 알권리와 정보 격차 해소를 위해 공공도서관과 사서에게 시민들의 미디어정보 리터러시 향상에 대한 책무성이 부여되어 있으나 국내 미디어정보 리터러시 정책에서 공공도서관의 기능과 사서의 역할은 축소되거나 배제되었다. 본 연구는 공공도서관과 사서가 시민들의 정보 격차를 줄이며 시민역량으로 미디어정보 리터러시 향상 정책에 적극적으로 참여해야 하는 책무성이 있음을 밝히고 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.557-561
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• 2007

Purpose: Malignant melanoma is a fatal tumor arising in the melanocytic systems of the skin. The incidence of malignant melanoma, formerly considered a rare tumor in Korea, is observed to increase. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical and histopathological pattern of malignant melanoma in one institute. Methods: Thirty patients with ages ranging from 33 to 80 years, diagnosed as malignant melanoma at our skin tumor department, were enrolled in a retrospective study over a 6 year period(2000. 9-2006. 7). The analyzed data included age, sex, location, duration before diagnosis, clinical type, level of invasion, and stage. Results: The cases were identified and analyzed by clinical and histopathologic study. The male to female ratio was 1:1.7. Lower extremities(especially, feet) were favored sites. The majority of cases were acral lentiginous melanoma(40%), followed by nodular melanoma (36.7%), superficial spreading melanoma(20%) in this study. Clark level IV was predominant in histopathologic study. There was merely narrow gap among each stage by AJCC. Conclusion: The clinicopathological characteristic of melanoma in our patients is quite different with that in the West. In this retrospective study, primary lesions of the foot were predominant with melanoma, and a high percentage of these were classified pathologically as acral lentiginous melanomas. Patients had a more advanced stage of disease at first presentation and a more deeply invasive primary lesion than Western patients. These suggest that malignant melanoma has a worse prognosis in our patients than in the West. So, further organized prospective studies are needed to approach the prudent and accurate diagnosis and management of melanoma in Korea.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.133-167
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• 2010

The enforcement of commercial arbitration awards in the People's Republic of China is one the controversial obstacles faced by foreign investors in China. The foreign investor will fail to enforce the arbitration award, if the Chinese court refuses the enforcement in China, even if the arbitration tribunal rules the award in favor of foreign investor who is in dispute with Chinese partners. In Korea, we have not many researches in the enforcement of foreign related awards and awards ruled by other jurisdiction. In recent times, Professor Kyung-Ja Cha(2005) and Professor Sun-Jeong Kim(2008) analyzed the enforcement of arbitration awards in China. Professor Kyung-Ja Cha(2005) reports the details of the enforcement statistics of CIETAC during 1990s. Professor Sun-Jeong Kim(2008) analyzed the obstacles of the enforcement of foreign related awards in China. This paper extends their researches in the field of the enforcement of arbitration awards in China. First, this paper extends Professor Kyung-Ja Cha(2005)'s study by introducing the Chinese enforcement situation during the period of 2000-2007. Second, this paper extends Professor Sunjung Kim(2008) emphasizes the local protectionism and the weakness of judiciary as key factors of obstacles to enforce the foreign related awards in People's Republic of China. This paper, additionally, highlights the role of the Guanxi and the antagonism of court toward arbitration institution to enforce the foreign related awards in People's Republic of China. Third, this study provides the recent developments of Supreme People's Court(SPC)'s rules to narrow down the gap between the practices of international arbitration and those of People's Republic of China. The Implications of this study are as follows. First, it is desirable for foreign investors to appoint the CIETAC or BAC as the arbitration commission in China. Second, the local competent attorney is the best choice to solve the respondent's insolvency in China. Third, foreign investors is required to monitor the provisions on the electronic instruments such as EDI and Email in Chinese law.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 10개의 배터리로 구성된 모듈에 대한 열관리 전산모사를 수행하였다. 배터리의 구조를 단순화 하였고, 전기저항 등가식을 이용한 열전도 이론을 사용하였다. 2.6 mm의 좁은 배터리 사이의 간격에 대한 격자의 신뢰도 검증 실험을 진행하였고, 그 결과 배터리 사이에 최소 3개 이상 나누어진 격자의 형태가 필요하였다. 크게 모듈의 후면에서 공기가 유입되는 형태, 모듈의 상부에서 공기가 유입되는 형태 그리고 모듈의 하부에 공기가 유입되는 형태로 나누어 팬과 공기흡입구의 위치에 따른 모듈의 효과적인 냉각방법을 모색하였다. 배터리의 성능에 영향을 미치는 모듈의 최고온도와 배터리간의 온도 차이를 비교하였고, 공기의 유속을 비교하여 유체의 거동을 확인하였다. 모듈의 하부에서 공기가 유입되는 경우, $40.27^{\circ}C$로 가장 낮은 최고온도를 보였고, 모듈의 상부에서 공기가 유입되는 경우에 $0.73^{\circ}C$로 가장 적은 온도편차를 보였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.189-189
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• 2016

Recently, many researchers have shown an increased interest in colloidal quantum dots (QDs) due to their unique physical and optical properties of size control for energy band gap, narrow emission with small full width at half maxima (FWHM), broad spectral photo response from ultraviolet to infrared, and flexible solution processing. QDs can be widely used in the field of optoelectronic and biological applications and, in particular, colloidal QDs based light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have attracted considerable attention as an emerging technology for next generation displays and solid state lighting. A few methods have been proposed to fabricate white color QDLEDs. However, the fabrication of white color QDLEDs using single QD is very challenging. Recently, hybrid nanocomposites consisting of CdTe/ZnO heterostructures were reported by Zhimin Yuan et al.[1] Here, we demonstrate a novel but facile technique for the synthesis of CdTe/ZnO/G.O(graphene oxide) quasi-core-shell-shell quantum dots that are applied in the white color LED devices. Our best device achieves a maximum luminance of 484.2 cd/m2 and CIE coordinates (0.35, 0.28).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2016

Ferric oxide (${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$, hematite) is an n-type semiconductor; due to its narrow band gap ($E_g=2.1eV$), it is a highly attractive and desirable material for use in solar hydrogenation by water oxidation. However, the actual conversion efficiency achieved with $Fe_2O_3$ is considerably lower than the theoretical values because the considerably short diffusion length (2-4 nm) of holes in $Fe_2O_3$ induces excessive charge recombination and low absorption. This is a significant hurdle that must be overcome in order to obtain high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. In consideration of this, it is thought that elemental doping, which may make it possible to enhance the charge transfer at the interface, will have a marked effect in terms of improving the photoactivities of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ photoanodes. Herein, we report on the synthesis by pulsed electrodeposition of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$-based anodes; we also report on the resulting photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties. We attempted Ti-doping to enhance the PEC properties of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ anodes. It is revealed that the photocurrent density of a bare ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ anode can be dramatically changed by controlling the condition of the electrodeposition and the concentration of $TiCl_3$. Under optimum conditions, a modified ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ anode exhibits a maximum photocurrent density of $0.4mA/cm^2$ at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under 1.5 G simulated sunlight illumination; this photocurrent density value is about 3 times greater than that of unmodified ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ anodes.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.47-68
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• 2004

Human Ecology researches studying human life patterns in Korea are on the same tracts of recent global promotion in Korea as that of other academic studies. In this changing academic atmosphere, Human Ecology-based researches are in demands of suitable research topics and methods. This study was done to investigate the present research situations of Human Ecology-based subdivisional fields, including food and nutrition, clothing and textiles, child studies, family studies, home management, housing studies, consumer sciences and home economics education, by an increasing need in the society of KHEA (Korean Home Economics Association). The study focused on understanding the trends of research topics and methods shown in the papers published in major academic periodicals in Korea as well as world-class (SCI, SSCI) journals in order to predict the future for Ecology-based studies in Korea. The data were collected from all periodicals from January, 2000 to August, 2003, listed in the Korean Research Foundation and from world-class journals comparable to the former. Twenty-six periodicals were chosen for analysis, including papers with authors of ecology-based, field faculty at colleges or universities. There were some differences between the Korean and world-class research topics and methods. In order to narrow the gap between the two, we suggested that serious consideration be given to the research's application-ability toward human beings, which would be the home-ecology study's identity. The same criteria in these fields as used in other natural science fields are not suitable for supporting and evaluating research proposals and outputs, and recent global academic promotions may not be desirable in some respects. However, they do present an opportunity to expose Korean researcher's to world-class scientific societies and upgrade their studies. These efforts should stimulate the field of Human-Ecology studies and enhance the recognitions of these fields among future students.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

학업성적 평가방법에는 일반적으로 절대평가와 상대평가가 있다. 이들 방법은 각기 장점들을 가지고 있으나 평가기준이 너무 일률적이거나 아니면 학습자간에 지나친 경쟁을 유발하는 등 일부 한계점들을 내포하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 일률적인 기준이 아닌 학습자들의 점수와 발생빈도를 감안한 등급화를 통해 학업성적을 평가하는 방법을 제안한다. 즉 전체 학습자의 학업성적을 적합도(goodness)를 감안하여 몇 개의 클래스로 분할하고 이를 등급으로 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 RE(Relaxation Error)를 적용하여 적합도를 구하고 이를 바탕으로 성적을 등급화 한다. 제안된 방법은 학업성적의 분포와 발생빈도를 고려한 적합도 측정에 의해 등급기준을 정하고 이에 따라 학업성적을 등급화 하므로 근소한 차고 등급이 구분되는 사례가 거의 없게 되며, 학교간 학생들의 학업 성적도를 차별화 할 수 있고, 실제적인 우수자나 부진아 선발 및 수준별 이동식 수업을 위한 평가에 유용하므고 기존의 두 방법을 보완하는 특성을 갖고 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.201-204
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• 2002

The rates of the aminolysis of S-phenyl substituted-acetate series $(RC(=O)SC_6H_4Z$, with R=Me, Et, i-Pr, t-Bu and Bn) with benzylamines $(XC_6H_4CH_2NH_2)$ are not correlated simply with the Taft's polar $({\sigma}^{\ast})$ and/or steric effect constants $(E_s)$ of the substituents due to abnormally enhanced rate of the substrate with R=Et. Furthermore, the cross-interaction constant, ${\rho}x_z$ , is the largest with R=Et. These anomalous behaviors can only be explained by invoking the vicinal bond $({\sigma})$-antibond $({\sigma}^{\ast})$ charge transfer interaction between C-$C{\alpha}$ and C-S bonds. In the tetrahedral zwitterionic intermediate, $T^{\pm}$ , formed with R=Et the vicinal ${\sigma}_{c-c}-{\sigma}^{\ast}_{c-s}$ delocalization is the strongest with an optimum antiperiplanar arrangement and a narrow energy gap, ${\Delta}{\varepsilon}={\varepsilon}_{{\sigma}^{\ast}}-{\varepsilon}_{\sigma}$. Due to this charge transfer interaction, the stability of the intermediate increases (with the concomitant increase in the equilibrium constant K (= $k_a/k_{-a}$)) and also the leaving ability of the thiophenolate leaving group increases (and hence $k_b$ increases) so that the overall rate, $k_n\;=\;Kk_b$, is strongly enhanced. Theoretical support is provided by the natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses at the B3LYP/6-31+$G^{\ast}$ level. The anomaly exhibited by R=Et attests to the stepwise reaction mechanism in which the leaving group departure is rate limiting.