• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

A new commercial strain "Hambak" of Grifola frondosa was developed by di-mono crossing between dikaryon of ASI 9031 and monokaryotic strain derived from ASI 9021. It can be cultivated in plastic bottle and bag filled with oak and poplar sawdust substrate which supplemented with 15% rice bran or 10% corn bran. Improvement of cultivation methods was required for shortage of mycelium incubation period and management of humidity in growing room. The optimum temperature of mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$ and that of fruiting body development was $15{\sim}18^{\circ}C$. The color of pileus surface was brown and fine pores, whitish to cream-colored, were underside. Primordia formation of Hambak was two days faster than that of Yipsae 1. The yield was $97g/850m{\ell}$ bottle, a bunch of fruiting body was bigger and the quality was better than Yipsae 1.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

Analysis of genetic characteristics of Flammulina velutipes showed that strains have a range of 85% in genetic distribution diagram. According to this result, we divided these strains into five groups. In experiment of determinating the optimum media and condition in cultivating F. velutipes, we found the optimum temperature and pH range for hypha growth were $25^{\circ}C$ and 6.0 to 7.0, respectively. in addition, the best media for growth of that in plate was MCM (Mushroom Complete Media) which have a growth length from 68 to 83 mm. In vivo test, we observed that fast growth and good density of hyphae in mixture media of douglas fir sawdust, cotton seed meal and beet pulp (6:2:2 V/V). Also when we cultivated F. velutipes in this media, we harvested high yield of fruiting body.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the amino acids content of shiitake mushrooms grown in eight different media and under three different temperature conditions. The sawdust media were supplemented with 4 kinds of nutrients - rice bran, barley, bean curd refuse, and red ginseng refuse in an 8:2 ratio with or without 0.5% calcium chloride, and the fruiting temperature was set to low ($13-15^{\circ}C$), medium ($18-20^{\circ}C$), or high temperatures ($24-26^{\circ}C$). Seventeen amino acids were detected, and the content varied depending on the compositions of the media. The highest total amino acid content (209.7 mg/g) was measured in mushrooms from the media with red ginseng refuse, and the glutamic acid content was the highest (51.3 mg/g) in mushrooms from the media with barley. In terms of fruiting temperature, the amino acid content was the highest (38.2%) at medium temperature followed by the content at low (32.5%) and high temperature (29.3%). The amino acid composition of shiitake mushrooms was similar between the medium and low temperature conditions.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

Lentinus ededes were irradiated with Utraviolet-B(UV-B) at 0, 2.5, 5.0 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ levels while culturing in sawdust medium, and the changes in vitamin D$_2$ content, color and flavor of the mushroom were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Hunter-Lab Chromatometer and Gas Chromatography-Surface Acoustic Wave (GC-SAW) electric nose, respectively. Irradiation of 0, 2.5, 5.0 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ doses of UV-B increased the content of vitamin D$_2$ in the mushroom significantly, which was 157∼206% higher than the control group. There was a significant difference in L value between the control group and UV-B irradiated (2.5 and 5.0 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$) groups. The changes of flavor pattern were detected by GC-SAW electric nose. But the color and flavor changes were not detrimental to the quality of the mushroom. The results suggested that UV-B irradiation is a good way to increase the vitamin D$_2$ content of Lentinus edodes during cultivation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

The larva of the white-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae), is known to have important medicinal properties, such as anti-cancer activity. However, the consumer market for the larvae is depressed because of its high production cost which needs to be reduced. This study was carried out to evaluate two spent mushroom substrates as food source for chafer larvae to improve the productivity and reduce production cost. The larvae were fed with spent substrates of king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) (P-SMS) and shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) (L-SMS), with a control of fermented oak sawdust. Effects of the diets on the development of P. brevitarsis seulensis and contents of minor nutrient components in the larvae produced were examined. In the P-SMS diet, the larval rearing period was shorter at 16.2 days, while the rate of larval weight gain and the cocoon weight were higher at 156.3% and 4.1 g, respectively, than that in the L-SMS diet. The pupation rate was 100% and the adult emergence was higher at 93.3% in the P-SMS diet than in the L-SMS diet with no difference to the control diet. In the P-SMS diet, the total nitrogen content during rearing was higher at 10.28% and the minor nutrient component, particularly Fe (145.8 mg/kg), was higher than that in other diets. The oviposition preference of adults showed no significant difference among the diets. Economic analysis showed that P-SMS costs approximately 667,960 Won less per 100 kg of larvae produced, compared to that of the control diet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.667-676
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of cellulolytic microbes inoculation to sawdust-based spent mushroom substrate(SMS) during deepstacking on fermentation parameters, total microbial counts and cellulolytic enzyme activity and to on SMS nutrients utilization by sheep. For sheep metabolism trials, six sheep(ram, average 54.8kg) were fed a Control diet(70% concentrates, 15% rice straw and 15% SMS with no microbial treatment on a dry basis) and a Treatment diet(the same diet including SMS with a microbial treatment) for 2 trials. Spent mushroom substrates with or without a microbial(4 strains including 1 strain of Enterobacter ludwigii, 1 strain of Bacillus cereus and 2 strains of Bacillus subtillis) treatment (1% of SMS on wet basis) were deepstacked for 7 days. The internal temperatures in 1.2 M/T of SMS deepstacks reached to 50±5℃ within 7 days of storage. Total microbial counts remarkably decreased (P<0.05) with a deepstacking process and were not affected(P>0.05) by the microbial treatment. For fibrolytic enzyme activity, CMCase and xylanase activities were decreased(P<0.05) by a deepstacking process. After deepstacking, the microbial treatment showed about 2.5-times higher(P<0.05) for CMCase activity and about 4-times higher(P<0.05) for xylanase activity than those of the Control. Activities of ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase and MnP were not affected by the microbial treatment. The sheep fed the microbially treated SMS diet had a tendency of greater total tract digestibilities of ash(P=0.051), NFE (P=0.071), hemicellulose(P=0.087) and NDF(P=0.096) than those fed the untreated SMS diet. Nitrogen balance of sheep was not affected(P>0.05) by feeding of microbially treated SMS. Accordingly, these results indicate that cellulolytic microbes inoculation during deepstacking of SMS may improve the bio- utilization of SMS by sheep.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.102-115
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• 2004

Main objectives of this study were to increase digestibilities of indigestible ingredients in spent mushroom composts (SMC) consisted of sawdust mainly as well as to fortify conversion of inorganic Se present in SMC to organic Se via fermentable microbial actions. Experimental feeds were designed to contain the increasing level of selenium (0.06ppm, 0.54ppm, 1.26ppm and 1.86ppm) in combination with SMCs of Se-enriched and non-Se mushrooms. Feeds were also fermented using commercial microbial feed additives (Sambae, Ltd., Korea) comprised Saccharomyces, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Streptococcus and Actinomycetes before feeding trial for Hanwoo (Korean native cattle). Those were fermented for 0, 12, 24, and 48 hrs. Initial pH was linearly increased as Se concentration increases or the proportion of SMC of Se-enriched mushroom increased (p<0.0001). pH values of fermented feeds (0.54ppm, 1.26ppm and 1.86ppm) containing SMC of Se-enriched mushroom were not different since 12 hrs of fermentation time and their pH was significantly lowered compared to control group. The increasing level of Se concentration in fermented feeds showed significant differences in organic and inorganic Se contents and proportion of organic Se among treatments. As a SMC proportion of Se-enriched mushrooms in the fermented feed was increased, organic Se proportion was significantly decreased (p<0.0001). The control treatment (0.06ppm) comprising the non-Se SMC only was estimated of the organic Se to be 100% and the treatment groups containing the increasing level of Se were estimated of organic Se to be approximately 70%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2008

'Miso', a new variety of oyster mushroom was developed for the bottle culture at the Chungnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services. Its mycelium grew rapidly with $8.4{\sim}8.6\;mm/day $ at $25{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium. The optimum pH of the mycelial growth was pH 5.0. It took 24 days for the primitive primordium formation after inoculation on pine sawdust media mixed with 20% wheat bran. Fruiting body color was white, and the shape of pileus was convex-umbonate. In the bottle culture, the yield was 115.7 g per 850 ml bottle. Stipe length was about 54 mm, the number of stipe per bottle was 18.1, the size of pileus was 28 mm, and gill was crowded. The moisture content of 'Miso' was lower than that of Jangan No.5 and Wonhyeong No.1, and contents of protein, ash and sugar of 'Miso' were higher than those of other varieties, and tannin acid content of 'Miso' was lower than that of others. On the basis of AFLP analysis, the 'Miso' was distinct not only from Wonhyeong No.1, but also from their closest relative, oyster mushrooms.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 2001

The thirteen commercial insecticides to Lycoriella mali were investigated on their insecticidal activities and mycelial growth of two Letinula edodes strains. For the adults, insecticides showing over 95% insecticidal activity were chlorpyrifos-methyl, fenthion, fenitrothion, benfuracarb, furathiocarb and deltamethrin. For tile larvae, diflubenzuron and cyromazine showed over 90% insecticidal activity. Fenthion, benfuracarb, furathiocarb, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine did not affect the mycelial growth of L. edodes strain, in Imhyup 1 variety. And deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine did not affect that in Sanlim-5. Insecticides showing over 80% residual effect for 14 days were benfuracarb to the adults and diflubenzuron and cyromazine to the larvae. Control effect of furathiocarb, fenthion, benfuracarb, deltamethrin, diflubenzuron and cyromazine against larvae of Lycoriella mali showed 90% ten days after application under sawdust cultivation. Among them, benfuracarb, fenthion and furathiocarb revealed excellent control effect against adults. These results indicate that benfuracarb, fenthion, and furathiocarb can be used for the control of Lycoriella mali in the field. However, further studies are needed on the effect of insecticides treatment oil fruit-body yield and chemical residue in the mushroom tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2012

Hot-water extracted natural media were made from raw materials for mycelial culture of Pleurotus eryngii. Poplar sawdust, wheat bran and rice bran were used as substrates for hot water extraction. The mixed substrates of poplar sawdust, wheat bran, and rice bran with 50 : 20 : 30 (v/v/v, PWR523) and 50 : 30 : 20 (v/v/v, PWR532) were optimal for mycelial growth of P. eryngii, respectively. The hot-water extracted natural media from PWR523 and PWR532 showed a rapid mycelial growth and spawn running compared to PDA. There was no significant difference in mushroom yield when the mycelium grown on the hot-water extracted natural media was used as the inoculum source for producing fruit body.